Hamad bin Khalifa al Thani

Qatar 's former Amir (anti -aircraft)[2] It is the father of the current Amir Tamim Bin Hamad Alani .

Some have a reputation for the reformist route, but Salafpa is sponsored by the Al -Qaeda -based Almusra Front and Muhammad Murshi of the Muslim Brotherhood with enormous funds. It is stronger that it clearly reveals the limitations of the Islamic extremist terrorism and the pre -modern Gulf royal family.

He died 10 years after the death of his father, Khalifa, having lived 10 years less than his father.

Even though it was a prince who would become Amir even if he was still[3] In 1995, he became a coup and became Amir. In the situation where King Harifa Binhamad (خ ب ن ح), who was also a king, traveled abroad. After the coup, he sent a letter to his father and informed him that he became Amir. Because of this, he was insulated with his father for a while, and later his father returned to Qatar and reconciled. Harley was alive at the time when he was completed by his grandchild in Hamad and died on October 23, 2016 at the age of 84 .



Photo from 2009. On the left is Emir Hamad, in the middle is Emir Khalifa . The old man next to him is Khalifa's younger brother, Hamad's uncle, and the current Emir's great-grandfather , Khalid Al Thani .

As soon as he became king, he removed religious restrictions and various censorship policies.[4] , allowed some female activities. In the midst of this, he also prevented a coup led by conservatives in 1996 .

Furthermore, for the first time in Arab history, Israel was invited to the Arab Economic Conference held in the country in 1997 . Not only neighboring Saudi Arabia , but even Egypt , which has diplomatic ties with Israel, condemned this. In 1998, the king changed from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy . Furthermore, female intellectuals who studied abroad were invited to hold meetings, an organization similar to the Ministry of Gender Equality was created, and female politicians and media activities were fully permitted. In the first election in history in 1999, there were 29 National Assembly members and 7 female candidates. Although all of them were defeated, it was still unprecedented to have a female candidate. Among them, one female candidate said in an interview, "When I heard that I was going into politics, my mother and female relatives were fiercely opposed. My mother said, 'What kind of nonsense do you mean, that a woman is in politics? Did you go to study abroad for that?' “I laughed at him like this.” In the midst of this, when the British BBC gave up on its Arab branch and withdrew, all of its broadcasting buildings and equipment were purchased and Al Jazeera Broadcasting Company was created.

In the Al Jazeera broadcast, Islamic far-right journalists and progressive journalists came out to argue, and a female politician came out and said, 'The conservative Islamic law that oppresses women has been distorted, and it is far from the founder Muhammad. Even if you say 'Stop it' without hesitation, it's broadcast without cutting it at all.

In addition, Al Jazeera reports on the indecent behavior of royal families from various countries, but the king of Qatar, who is a source of money, tends to refrain from absurdities, and it is said that he reports on the dirty deeds of other Qatari royal families with the king's permission . For example, another overseas broadcaster went to cover Al Jazeera, and a high-ranking Qatari royal family touched her foreign maid , made her pregnant, and said she didn't know , then when she refused to have an abortion , he had her gangster and beat her. reported in detail. Thanks to this, the royal family, who was known throughout Qatar as a very trashy royal family and was disgraced for generations, burst into the broadcasting company with great enthusiasm and became a Hulk after swearing without swearing regardless of foreign reporters.

Later, the royal family went to the king and complained about it, but the king said, "Isn't you not going to do that from the beginning? Is there a damage to the king? No, the people will see the royal family again. " As this is known as a broadcast, college students are delivered to Amir! It was cool and cheered.

Additionally, the King's corruption index is quite low. In this country, which had a population of only 700,000 until the mid-1990s, only a few thousand people enjoyed wealth despite abundant resources. During his reign, he exposed through Al Jazeera in 2000 how much wealth the established aristocrats had enjoyed. And by nationalizing many of their properties, they are gaining absolute popularity by providing economic support to Qatari citizens in various ways, including business support and study abroad. This support is also no joke: it provides free housing to all citizens, and if a business fails and incurs debt, it is said that all debt will be repaid from the national treasury. In addition, since the income from resource exports is distributed to the entire nation, its citizens can enjoy a prosperous life without having to work. In fact, the people engaged in all professional work in Qatar are foreigners (including a significant number of Koreans), and most households employ foreign maids.

In 1999, Egyptian dictator Hosni Mubarak openly said this when Al Jazeera reported intensively on his succession to power and what he was doing with huge amounts of government funds. “In such a small country, they are putting on a show with a third-rate broadcaster like Al Jazeera.” Of course, the king was moved, and so was public opinion in Qatar. The king fired and expelled thousands of Egyptian workers working in Qatar. Thanks to this, Egyptian public opinion was angry at Mubarak, saying that he would get somewhere if he kept his mouth shut. Mubarak, who was embarrassed, complained to the Qatari royal family, but the king reportedly said just one thing. “Why does a big country like Egypt send people to work in such a small country?” Egypt is over 80 times the size of Qatar and has a population 100 times larger.

In September 2009, when Muntadar al-Zaidi, an Iraqi journalist who was internationally known for throwing a shoe at George W. Bush, was released, he was rewarded handsomely by praising him.

However, he is criticized because he is thoroughly crushing the opposition that opposes him. However, most Qataris did not pay much attention, because the targets of the king's thorough crushing were conservative idiots (...) During the 2001 election, when opposing conservative politicians gained popularity, the election was canceled and postponed for two years. There was a lot of outrage in the United States and Europe over this, but it is said that public opinion in Qatar was actually quite positive about this measure. In addition, a conservative theologian who criticized the king for blaspheming the Quran was imprisoned for two years on charges of lese majeste and was beaten hard. What the king said in response to the opposition from conservatives was a truly famous line.

"Why don't you go through what the opposition has been through?"

However, since the opponents are Islamic conservatives who have vested interests in other countries, the current king receives absolute support from progressives, young people, and those who studied abroad. In the United States and Europe , his democratic reforms are viewed critically as too slow, blind-sided, and Aung-style. This country is an absolute monarchy on the level of Saudi Arabia, and even after royal-led reforms, it is always mentioned in the list of major sponsors of global Islamic terrorism. In the Arab world, only Jordan and Oman , which have similar histories, were positive about Qatar's reforms, and the response of other countries was truly positive . There is also a rumor that Saudi Arabia supported the failed coup led by conservatives.

It was during this man's reign that Qatar began paying funds to the Al Qaeda - affiliated Al Nusra Front . Even though he is relatively open-minded compared to his son and successor, he is not free from the Islamic fundamentalist orientation unique to the power group called the Gulf royal family. #

Initially, his reign did not fundamentally change the social control of the Qatari Emirate, which ruled based on Wahhabism and Sharia , but only slightly relaxed and refined it. Even under the reign of his son, Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, Qatari women are blocked from driving, working, or traveling without the approval of their husbands or male guardians under the approval of the Qatari government, which legislated the restrictions stipulated by Islam, and there is no sign of improvement. Qatar's royal media outlets such as Al Jazeera are not in a position to criticize Saudi Arabia . #

As the Arab Spring unfolds, even royal families in Jordan and Oman, which have been said to be somewhat reformist, are anxious about the series of protests, but Qatar is relaxed. In other words, Al Jazeera is reporting vividly on the local atmosphere by covering countries where protests are taking place, and also analyzing and reporting the impact on other countries. No, he was manipulating the first Libyan Civil War and the Syrian Civil War from behind the scenes using the influence of Al Jazeera, the royal government-run media outlet, and supported the civil wars by sending weapons and funds to friendly groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood .

At present, Katar is a high support for Alani's royal family. And when Mubarak had to go in Egypt , he spent a celebration of the Citizenship Revolution. Only the United Arab Emirates and Qatar were not the protests until March. The demands and accusations of those who seem to be the rebellious royalist have been raised on Twitter , but 'so?' It was a shame of this criticism.

Relations with Iran are quite good , while the stability of the regime is guaranteed by providing bases for the US military . Even though Iran's nuclear development harms peace in the Middle East, he insists that peaceful development should not be prevented. As mentioned above, Qatar provides military bases to the United States. The reason for strengthening friendly relations with Iran is to contain Saudi Arabia, which is located south of Qatar. Thanks to this , the natural gas field between Iran and Qatar, which accounts for 15% of the world's reserves, is also stable while properly containing Saudi Arabia, which has gone to armed conflict. is said to be developing

In his State of the Union Address to the Advisory Council in 2011, King Hamad declared that elections would be held in the second half of 2013, but in June 2013, shortly before the transfer of power, he issued an edict extending the terms of the advisory committees until 2016 and postponing the elections. postponed again As a royal family member, he appointed his third son as the crown prince, but when he was not enthusiastic about his work due to his free-spirited personality, he changed the crown prince to his fourth son.

On June 25, 2013, King Alsani announced that he would be able to quantum to the prince through a speech on the public on a live television . For the first time in the Arab monarchy, it is right to have a sons in life, but it is not the first time in life. In 2006, the king was the first to resign in Kuwait . However, Kuwait is not a rich hereditary system, but a relative -related Jaber family and a family of Salem.

It is said that the king's intention seems to be trying to replace the cabinet with young people while quantum to the prince Tamimi Hamad Alsani , while various analyzes are still surrounded by the sudden presentation of the king, who is still 61 years old . In the meantime, since the prince has faithfully received the king's class, the internal and external policy will be maintained, but there is a prospect that the honorary king may be maintained until the king is firmly established. In other words, even if the throne is retired, the power as a kind of king remains intact.