Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a federation located in East Africa It's a republic . It borders Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the southwest , and Sudan to the northwest . The capital is Addis Ababa (አዲስ አበባ, Addis Ababa).

The total population of 135,472,051, the world 's largest inland country and the world's top 10 population. According to the country's population rankings , it ranks second in Africa , following Nigeria (227,784,042) .

It is also the only country in Africa to send ground troops ( UN forces ) to the Korean War .[9] Since this happened during the imperial era, the surviving warriors were greatly oppressed during the communist regime .

The name of the country in Amharic , the official language of Ethiopia , is 'Itɨyopp'ya, [itɨjopː'ja])', and the name of the country in English is Ethiopia(/iːθiˈoʊpiə/). The origin of the country's name is the classical Greek word 'Aithiopia (Αἰθιοπία / Aithiopíā)' , meaning 'land of the black-faced people '.[10] In Greek and Roman mythology, there is a story that Phaethon drove the sun chariot too low and his skin got burned, and Andromeda was said to be the princess of this country. In ancient Greece, they knew that black people came from the upper Nile River region, and they thought that was the southernmost part of the world, so they called everything south of the Sahara Ethiopia.[11] According to Ethiopian tradition, it is said to have originated from the name of the king of Ethiopia (Ethiopis / Itiyopp'is), a descendant of Noah 's son Ham. In fact, it is believed that the Kingdom of Axum called itself the name of ancient Greece after conquering Meroe of the Kingdom of Kush , which was considered the center of Ethiopia, in 330 . reference

Since the Middle Ages, it was the ' Ethiopian Empire (የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥተ)' until the military coup in 1974 .[12] After the last emperor, Haile Selassie , was deposed, a socialist system was introduced through a military regime called 'Därg', and ' People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ሕዝባዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ)' The name of the country was changed to[13] In 1992, the socialist regime was overthrown and a provisional government was established. Since the announcement of the federal constitution in 1995, the current official name of the country is 'Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ).[14]

In the Korean-speaking world, various writings such as Ethiopia and Ethiopia were mixed, but Ethiopia became the clear standard from 1986 ( article ). However, before 1986, the pronunciation and notation of Ethiopia was common, especially when ' We Are the World ', which was popular in Korea to help Ethiopia during the June 25th and 1984 famine, was mainly called 'Ethiopia', so before the 1980s For Koreans born in , Ethiopia is much more familiar. Although Ethiopia was established as the standard language in 1986, other writings continued to be mixed for a long time after that, and Ethiopians who come to Korea claim that "Ethiopia is the most accurate pronunciation" and that the Korean transcription is not correct.[15]
Gangwon Special Self -Governing Province Chuncheon -si The Idio Piail , near the Soyang River , did not follow the official Ethiopia, but followed the Ethiopian claims as 'Idio Piail'.

Traditionally, in the Arabic- speaking world, it was referred to as 'Al-Ḥabaša'. The expression 'Abyssinia', which was an expression referring to the Ethiopian Empire, also originated from this expression.

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Go forward, my mother Ethiopia

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Although it is not well known, the Kingdom of Axum was once so prosperous that Mani (216-274), the founder of Manichaeism, called it one of the four great powers along with the Roman Empire , Persia , and China . However, its actual national power was far short of theirs in terms of territory, population, military power, and technology. Under the influence of Rome, the Kingdom of Axum accepted Christianity and received military support, and because it had influence over the Red Sea , which was the route from Persia to India and China at the time , Mani, who lived in Persia, carried out intermediate trade between Rome and India and China. The Kingdom of Axum may have been overestimated. (In the first place, Mani lived in Persia in the 3rd century, so it is difficult to say that his assessment is completely accurate.) The Kingdom of Axum's national power increased as it formed an alliance with Rome, which was trying to exert influence over the Red Sea at the time.

In modern and contemporary history, it is famous for being the only country in Africa that was not colonized. It is well known in Ethiopia that Italy suffered an overwhelming defeat by the Ethiopian army in the First Italo-Ethiopian War, which greatly ruined Italy's reputation by receiving compensation and land from the European powers. However, during the Second Italo-Ethiopian War, it was defeated by Italy and occupied for about five years, and was liberated in 1941 when Italy was defeated by the British-led Allied Forces.

However, the reason this is not considered colonial rule is largely due to the fact that Ethiopia was treated as a civilized country among Western powers after winning the first E-E war, more than any other reason.[16] Just because France was occupied by Germany during World War II, it is the same as saying that it was occupied rather than colonized. Also, during the period of occupation, the modern-day political forces supporting Emperor Haile Selassie were active with significant military power. That is why the expression ‘occupation period’ rather than ‘colonial rule’ is used all over the world.

In fact, throughout the period of occupation, the Italian army was unable to control the entire Ethiopia and suffered from guerrilla warfare by resistance forces, and some areas were controlled by Ethiopian resistance forces supporting Emperor Haile Selassie until the British-led Allied Forces advanced into Ethiopia in 1941. After World War II, in the 'Treaty of Peace' between Italy and the Allied Powers, including Ethiopia, in 1947, the legitimacy of Italy's strengths was legally denied, and Italy instead paid Ethiopia compensation in the form of war reparations. I had to pay.

In Africa , it was because of this unique location, at one time in the Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassi , the center of Afro Nationalism, which was considered a religious worship target ( Jamaica 's Rasta Paris movement ), and when establishing a new flag in Africa, which is out of colonies, Ethiopia's flag color (red, yellow Green).

Almost the entire country is an alpine and plateau area over 1,000 meters above sea level , so it belongs to a temperate climate . Addis Ababa, the capital, is also at an altitude of over 2,300m, so there is no summer or winter, and the climate is spring and fall all year round, and the highest temperature never exceeds 33 degrees. In short, it is different from the Africa we think of. See the temperate climate documentation here and here . Even though it is a country located near the equator, it snows a little in winter and at night. Moreover, the weather is dry during the dry season.[17] People in this country wear long-sleeved clothes all year round.

If the climate of the Ethiopian highlands could be described in one line, it would be safe to say that a single day contains all four seasons. Breakfast is spring, lunch is summer, dinner is autumn, and night is close to winter. When going to Ethiopia, if you bring a lot of thin clothes just because you are going to Africa, you could seriously hurt your nose. If you are not immune to the cold and have to stay for a long time, it is recommended to bring an electric blanket to use at bedtime or a pair of knitwear that is easy to wear and take off at night.

Of course, if you go to the jersey, the environment is different from the highlands, and the lowlands of the eastern and north are hot and dry. In particular, there is a Danakil Desert in the northern part of the Afar, which is the hottest place in the world. The altitude of the region is very low, about -130m, extremely dry and volcanic -colored bizarre lakes are located. There are many salt rocks, so they collect salt. The average annual temperature here is 34.4 ℃ and the average temperature of January , which is the minimum , is 30.3 ℃, which is overwhelmingly high compared to Daegu's average temperature of 26.4 ℃.

Ethiopia has a large colony of eucalyptus trees , which are uniquely famous as native Australian species . As the forest was greatly reduced due to long-term logging and the wasteland increased, eucalyptus were imported and planted to solve the problem, but the trees grew better than expected and formed a large forest. In contrast to the declining numbers of eucalyptus trees in their home country, Australia, due to climate change and destruction, the Australian government is seriously considering reimporting these Ethiopian eucalyptus trees.

Like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, which are famous for their habitats of wild animals, a variety of animals live in the inland. Large African elephants , rhinos , hippos , giraffes , zebras , ostriches , African buffaloes , lions , leopards , spotted hyenas , and Nile crocodiles live in the inland, while smaller species such as elephant shrews, Dung beetles, starlings, tortoises, and ant ghosts also live there. In addition, a variety of small and medium-sized mammals such as antelopes, African wild dogs , warthogs , big-eared foxes, aardvarks, porcupines, olive baboons , and cape baboons also inhabit the area, as well as bald eagles and bald storks. The Ethiopian wolf also lives in the Ethiopian highlands , as do big-headed mole rats, Walai ibex, and gelada baboons .

Originally, Ethiopia was divided into several states, regardless of the peoples living in the area. Eritrea , now independent , was also a province of Ethiopia.

On June 21, 1992, it was organized as a large-scale state of the national concept as it is now, and took on the current form as Eritrea became independent in May of the following year.

In June 2020, the Sidama state declared independence from the Southern National People's Democratic Party (SNNPR) through a referendum, and in November 2021, the Southwestern Ethiopian People's Democratic Party separated from the SNNPR.
Through a referendum on August 19, 2023, the Central Ethiopian Regional State (CERS) became independent from the Southern National People's Democratic Party (SNNPR), and the remaining regions were reorganized into the Southern Ethiopian Regional State (SERS).

Thus, Ethiopia consists of 12 regions and 2 chartered cities. Region, which refers to a region, plays the role of a state, and under it is Zone (the concept of a city or county), and beneath that are Woreda and Kebele (the concept of a special district, dong, or ri).

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Although nominally a multi -party system , it was actually close to the daily system of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) by 2019. Meles Genawi, who drove the worst dictator Mengstu Haire Mariam, had long been in power for 21 years until 2012, but he also had a tough way of democratization while suppressing democrats. As it is described later , reforms have been promoted since Prime Minister Abi Armors in 2018 .

Perhaps because of this unfortunate reality in his country, it was Peisa Relessa who became controversial for his political actions at the 2016 Rio Olympics . After receiving a silver medal for second place in the men's marathon , he crossed the finish line of the Rio Olympic marathon and drew an Lilesa said that this was a protest against the death or imprisonment of more than 1,000 residents, including their relatives, who participated in anti-government protests in Ethiopia's Oromia region due to heavy-handed police crackdown. Lilesa also said, “If I go to Ethiopia now, I will either die or be imprisoned,” and “I haven’t been able to make a plan on how to live.” As the controversy grew, the Ethiopian government said it would welcome Lilesa as a hero, but Lilesa's agent told AFP, "Relesa will never return to Ethiopia." Political comments at the Olympics are subject to disciplinary action, including the loss of medals, but the IOC appears to be embarrassed by this controversy related to the pro-democracy protests. This is because it is obvious that the IOC will receive huge criticism if it imposes disciplinary action. Anyway, he ended up living in exile in the United States for several years.

In 2018, after the resignation of the government of Hailemariam Desalen and the inauguration of the new Prime Minister, Abiy Ahmad Ali from Oromia , reforms and gradual democratization are taking place in various areas of society, such as the lifting of martial law and the release of political prisoners . The future is attracting attention, such as ending the long-standing territorial dispute with Eritrea . For this achievement, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmad was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in October 2019 .

On October 25, 2018, following the abrupt resignation of former President Mulatto Tershomer, former UN representative of the African Union, Salawork Zoude, was unanimously elected by Parliament as the new President. President Joudeh is Ethiopia's first female president. #

At this time, the above-mentioned Faysa Lilesa also returned to his country after living in exile, and he made a gesture with the Prime Minister and the President that his arms were now free. # However, considering that an attempted coup occurred in June 2019, it appears that the political situation is not completely stable yet. # In addition, supporters of Prime Minister Abiy's political enemy Jawar Mohammed are protesting. #

The Ethiopian People's Revolution Democratic Front, which had been at the center of the daily leadership, was led by Prime Minister Abi Armors on December 1, 2019 .

In November 2020, a six-month state of emergency was declared and military forces were brought in after an attack on a military camp in the northern Tigrai region overnight. # Civilian massacres by Ethiopian forces in Tigrai conflict, Amnesty reported. # The Tigrai conflict is spreading to Eritrea. # As a result, Aksum Airport was destroyed and suffered a blow. #

Sheger Park in downtown Addis Ababa



Scenery of Addis Ababa's suburbs where poverty and wealth intersect

Ethiopia is still an agricultural -based developing country, and in the past, residents suffered from hunger due to food shortages, but through the rapid economic growth of the 21st century, the GDP per capita was nearly $ 1,910 in 2024, and it would be higher than Senegal , and it would be free from the best country. It is a country you see.

Ethiopia, which was a poor country even during the reign of Haile Selassie , suffered from the oppression of Mengistu's Haile Mariam communist regime. As soon as Mengistu's regime ended, the unfavorable events of Eritrea 's independence and the Ethiopia-Eritrea War occurred one after another, and the great famine of 1983-1985 during the Mengistu period had a tremendous impact on the entire world, and for a time, today's Burundi . Although it has become synonymous with the poorest country in terms of position,[20] , showing stable growth in the 21st century. It maintained a double-digit growth rate from 2005 to 2011, reaching an average of 11.4% over the eight years. This year's growth rate is also expected to be 7.7%, which ranks among the top 10 in the world. Of course, in absolute terms, it is still in the poor category, but if you think about GDP per capita, which was once lower than Afghanistan , it has grown a lot. Based on the 2017 forecast, Afghanistan's per capita income is $572, while Ethiopia's per capita income is $846, surpassing Afghanistan's. PPP is also overtaking Afghanistan's $1,888, but Ethiopia's is $2,104. Finally, in 2022, Ethiopia's per capita income rose to the $1,000 range. Microcredit (small loans) is also active, and a construction boom is spreading across the country. Areas adjacent to Somalia , such as the Ogaden , and some areas adjacent to Eritrea, such as Tigray, are exceptions, but road construction continues.

However, rapid population growth due to high unemployment and high birth rates in the city is pointed out as a problem. It may be surprising to see it now, but until the early 1980s, Korea had a larger population than Ethiopia. Furthermore, the population was smaller than that of Egypt until the 1990s , but it surpassed Egypt's population in 2001. In the 2000s, the birth rate fell from 6 to 4, and the growth in the number of births slowed down. However, as the death rate fell, the population growth rate still reached the 2% range, surpassing Japan 's population in 2024. In any case, this population increase requires the government to create hundreds of thousands of jobs every year. Agriculture centered on small and poor farmers is also pointed out as a problem, and the government is trying to solve the problem by receiving investment from Saudi Arabia and China , but the international community has proposed a project for Ethiopia's poor.

This is a serious problem that Cart will have to solve in the future. This is because this drug is widespread in Ethiopia, and many people live in excess by chewing it all day. Even now, in the long run, it is a factor that can pose a risk to national development. Please refer to the corresponding document for detailed effects, etc.

Food ingredients are cheap, but most industrial products are imported from overseas , making them very expensive. Not only does Ethiopia have no industrial facilities, but the biggest problem is that, as a landlocked country without a coast, it does not benefit from shipping. So, unlike cheap food ingredients that can be used to make a meal for 2,000 to 3,000 won, the price of industrial products is virtually the same as the price purchased in Korea . For example, an entry-level frying pan costs about 15,000 to 20,000 won, which is close to the entire three-day salary of an Ethiopian day laborer. Because Ethiopia is a landlocked country , it has no choice but to maintain good relations with Djibouti , which receives imported goods . However, some belligerent people who feel uncomfortable in this situation make provocative claims such as, “We must invade Eritrea , which was originally our vassal, and bring Ethiopia back into contact with the sea !” while also attracting a lot of aggression from the people of neighboring countries due to the issue of historical awareness.


Ethiopia had one of the few automobile companies in Africa. Along with South Africa and Kenya , it was a country that produced and sold its own automobiles. The name is Holland Car PLC (ኔዘርላንድ መኪና - Mekina, Netherlands). In other words, it is Dutch tea (Meckina). It was a joint venture between Dutch and Ethiopian capital and went bankrupt in 2014. However, the car is a badge-engineered car made in China. In fact, most of the cars on Ethiopian roads are Japanese cars such as Toyota and Honda .

Korean cars are also quite popular. If 75% of cars on the road are made in Japan, the remaining 20% ​​or more are made up of Korean cars. Korean cars are also well-received for similar advantages as Japanese cars: they are cheap, sturdy, and easy to supply parts. Damas is said to be one of the biggest birthday gifts for wealthy family members . In addition to Korean cars, there are quite a few other Korean products, and perhaps due to the Korean Wave, people have a good impression of Korea. As a bonus, Ethiopian Airlines , Africa 's oldest airline and Ethiopia's flag carrier, places orders for new aircraft from Boeing and Airbus without fail . And only with the latest models. In the 2010s, five additional Boeing 787s were ordered from Boeing , and at the air show, Airbus was announced on the spot without looking back. Ordered 12 A350s .[21] A Boeing 787 also arrives at Incheon International Airport . Ethiopia used the logistics crisis caused by COVID-19 as an opportunity to increase exports using its national airline. #

In the 2020s, Ethiopia is aiming to secure water resources and produce electricity through the Renaissance Dam, and expand its international influence by joining BRICS .

In 2024, Ethiopia 's per capita GDP was $ 1,787 , ahead of Nepal and Pakistan , as well as Nigeria . Although it is lower than Laos , Cambodia , and Kenya , this growth trend is likely to exceed $ 2,000 soon, and it is likely to escape the poorest country. After a long civil war, the country that became synonymous with the poorest countries grew to this extent .

However, as of July 2024, the difference between the official exchange rate (55 Birr per dollar) and the cancer exchange rate (110 Birr per dollar) was double.[22] Because of this, there may be errors in economic indicators. In July 2024, with the injection of IMF funds, the market exchange rate and the black exchange rate were adjusted to around 5 percent. However, it is still close to impossible to officially exchange Birr for dollars.

In 2025, the GDP per capita fell to $ 1,066 based on IMF statistics , and the escape of the poorest country became far from again.

The urbanization rate was 6.43% in 1960.[23] It first exceeded 10% in 1978, increased to 20% in 2017, and is currently at 22.66 % in 2022. #

Socially, it is true that various parts such as security are still underdeveloped, a reporter said in 2004 There was a ridiculous incident where he was imprisoned for two years for disturbing public security after reporting that wild animals were harming people. Coincidentally, this reporter was also a reporter who wrote friendly articles related to Korea, so Koreans living in the country felt sorry for him.

However, in the case of public safety, it is relatively safe within the capital area if you are careful. At least, it is not a lawless area where the police rob, and people do not want to show embarrassing appearances to foreigners. can see. Of course , it is Kebake , and if you go beyond Addis Ababa, you cannot expect the level of security at the metropolitan level, so you need to be careful at night or outside the city, or in areas other than Addis Ababa.

As a reaction to China's One Belt, One Road policy, among Asians, it only favors Koreans and Japanese , and, making concessions, only Hong Kongers and Taiwanese . It is said that close to 100,000 Chinese people are in Ethiopia, and Chinese criminals are causing considerable headaches for the security authorities. Citizens’ perspectives are also similar. When people around you say 'Ching Chaeng Chong~ Ching Chaeng Chong~', you can just ignore them or say in Amharic, "Debuk Koriyawi (man)/Koriyawit (woman) nein (ደቡብ ኮሪያዊ/ኮሪያዊት ነኝ)" (I am South Korean). Then either go on your way again or apologize for thinking you were Chinese.

Ethiopian crowd cheering



Amhara women in traditional clothes



Oromo women in traditional clothes

Ethiopia is a multi-ethnic country made up of about 80 ethnic groups, including the major ethnic groups such as the Amhara , Oromo , Somali , Tigrayan , and Afar people , and the minority ethnic groups such as the Nuer and Mursi people . The concept of Ethiopian, like the concepts of Americans and Turks , is a country-oriented concept rather than an ethnicity. In particular, in terms of population proportion, the Amhara (27%) and Oromo (35%) can be said to be the two largest ethnic groups. Although these two ethnic groups are the main players in Ethiopia, as can be seen from the ethnic ratio, a specific ethnic group does not even make up the majority.

During the imperial era , the initial Mengistu regime actually counted the local administrative divisions, which consisted of 14 provinces, but[24] In 1987, it was revised into 25 regions and 5 autonomous regions, and in 1995, with the collapse of the communist government, the first- class administrative districts were divided into regions based on ethnic distribution (in this respect , it is similar to each SSR of the Soviet Union ). I am using up to However, Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa, the capitals, exist as independent cities, and Shewa Province was abolished in the process.

Amgain is considered a key nation of Ethiopia and has been the central nation of the state since the Ethiopian Empire . Attiopia 's official language , Amhara , is also a language of Amhaline, a culturally influential, and a ruling people, and in Ethiopia, where residence is relatively well -divided by ethnic regions, Amhaine is likely to be a certain percentage like the Russians of the Soviet Union.

The Oromo people are the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia in terms of population, and Oromia State, where the Oromo people currently live, is the largest in Ethiopia.[25] Despite having the largest population, they feel alienated from the Amhara-centered Ethiopian system and are very dissatisfied with the Oromo language being suppressed during the Mengestu military regime. There is also a breakaway independent group called the Oromo Liberation Front. In addition, while other Ethiopian languages ​​use the Geuz script to write Amharic, only Oromo uses the Roman script. Religiously, the Amhara people believe in the Tewahido Orthodox Church and were historically the central people of the Ethiopian Empire from the perspective of the Ethiopian Empire, while the Oromo people immigrated in large numbers from the inland regions of central Africa in the 16th and 17th centuries, and their religion is centered around Islam. Ethiopia itself is known for its independent Christian culture, but the history and depth of Islamic culture in the region is so strong that even Harar , the central city of the Oromo people, is treated as a holy place next to Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem for Muslims in East Africa.

Somali , which accounts for 6.2% , lives in eastern Ethiopia, and at one time, the Ogaden War broke out to invade the Somalians to restore the Ogaden region.

Tigrainein is a minority that accounts for about 6.1%, and is also a number of people in neighboring Eritrea . Instead of the conventional administrative district, Ethiopia has reorganized its administrative reorganization to group a large number of people with the concept of national main areas.

SIDAMA is the fifth -largest population in Ethiopia, and until the 1960s, the majority have believed in the indigenous faith.

It is a small number of residents in Ethiopia, India, due to the influence of Italy's domination. As of 1939, the number of Italians was 35,440, and after Ethiopia was liberated, 22,000 Italians remained in Ethiopia, promising that the Emperor had no disadvantage in the Italians living in Ethiopia. However, most of the coups have left overseas, and only 1,400 people are now.

Ethiopian Jews, a Jewish community living in Ethiopia , also exist. Many of them settled in Israel because the Israeli government systematically implemented the Jews of the Jews who lived in Ethiopia for the purpose of increasing the Jewish population of the Israeli mainland. In order to rescue the Ethiopian Jews , which were treated by the Ethiopian vested interests , the Israeli government was led by the Escape Operation, which was led by the Israeli government .[26]

In the southern inland of Ethiopia , a river called Omo River is flowing, and the Surma and Mursi are in the Omo River basin .[27] A minority people live. In 1974 , it was known to the world by the British scholars, and at the time of discovery, it was a lack of contact .

The Murshi and the Surma are still in the state of tribal life in the primitive era . Tourists and photographers visit to see or shoot such a very unusual custom. It is customary to give a certain amount per person every time you take a picture. Of course, since Ethiopia's economic situation is so poor, per capita per capita based on Korean won[28] If you give about two hundred and three hundred won, it will take a picture. It is usually said to give 5 to 10 bir . There are also tribes who come out with a gun and ask for photography or money. The act of holding a gun is a kind of performance that makes you overwhelming to tourists . #

These tribes are famous for their unusual customs. When women are older than a certain age , they are deliberately scarring the skin with a sharp knife on the skin .[29] The lower lip is cut and expanded between them and fitted with a disc -shaped plate.[30] There is a similar side of the group in that it has been pierced under the face . And most men live in naked (!), Not of most of them. At the same time, the most important part of the tourists looking for them is that the number of men is increasing.[31]

In addition, men of these tribes regularly make a kind of duel with a long pole called 'Donga'. This is also a duel when the boy's adult ceremony is also injured in this process. Nevertheless, the men of this tribe do not care because they are aware of their courageous warriors.

The Surma residents as part of going to the national federal system It is said that the vote will promote the establishment of the Surma region. #

Ethiopian Airlines is a fairly large airline in Africa. In Asia , Beijing , Bangkok , Seoul , Tokyo[32] It is currently operating flights to Hong Kong , etc. Other European destinations include Istanbul in Turkiye , Moscow in Russia , and France. Paris , Italy Rome , Spain The load factor on routes to places like Madrid and the UK is also high, and the load factor on routes to India is also high. Many Indians also visit Ethiopia, and along with the recent influx of Chinese, Indians are making active inroads into Ethiopia, and this area has been around for a long time.

It is also convenient to fly with Emirates Airlines through Dubai International Airport or with Cathay Pacific Airlines through Hong Kong International Airport and Bahrain International Airport . You can fly via Abu Dhabi with Etihad Airways . The UAE also has active exchanges with African countries, and Arabs are also commonly seen in Ethiopia.

In addition, it is indirectly connected to Egypt , Sudan , Eritrea , and Kenya . In particular, there is a lot of air traffic between Cairo , the capital of Egypt , and Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia .

Currently in operation as ET672 and ET673, flight 672 is from Addis Ababa → Incheon → Tokyo, and flight 673 is from Tokyo → Incheon → Addis Ababa.

The railway network is poor, and the meter -oriented adisaba -jjibuti route (759km), which was opened in 1917 , is the only railway line of the country for more than a century. At the same time, in the 2010s , it was a standard arc, which had a strong shadow of China's one -to -one . Currently, the 757km long line, which is divided north to the northern Mekele, is under construction, but it is unknown when it will be completed due to the anxiety of the Tigra region centered on Mekele. Light rail is operating in the capital , Adisa Baba .

Different ethnic groups have different religions. In general, the peasants of the highlands believe in Christianity and the semi-agrarian peoples of the lowlands believe in Islam.

Most of the Tigray , who live on the border of Eritrea and Amhara, Ethiopia 's most powerful people, believe in the Ethiopian Tewahido Orthodox Church . Its history is also very venerable and has lasted for 1,500 years since the time of the Aksum kingdom. On the other hand, Ethiopia's most populous Oromo people , the Afar , often believe in Islam , but have mixed indigenous beliefs. In the case of the Somali of the Ogaden province, there is a tendency toward Islamic fundamentalism. In the case of Sidamo, the Protestant population accounts for more than 70% of the total ethnic population. There are also indigenous beliefs.

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The official language is Amharic language (original name is 'አማርኛ Amarnya'). Linguistically , it belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family . It is closely related to Arabic and Hebrew .

Their language is ‘Gə’əz’.[33] has a common ancestor.

Ethiopia is the only country in sub-Saharan Africa that has historically used its own script.[34]

Amharic, the indigenous language, has the highest status when considering the fields of education and administration, and Oromo, which has a large speaking population, is also powerful. Somali, Tigrinya, and Afar also have some degree of administrative status, and smaller indigenous languages, although numerous, are declining in number of speakers or virtually becoming dead languages .

Tigrinya is spoken along the Eritrean border, where Amharic is not widely spoken. It belongs to the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family . Oromo and Afar belong to the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family and are closely related to Somali . The Mursi and Surma languages, spoken by the Surma and Mursi people of southern Ethiopia , belong to the Nile-Saharan language family .

Ethiopia was rarely colonized.[35] It is the country with the strongest indigenous language in sub-Saharan Africa. In other sub-Saharan Africa, there are frequent situations where indigenous languages ​​are overshadowed by the languages ​​of colonial powers, such as English and French. However, Ethiopia has a strong unique literary tradition (Amharic and Oromo especially have literary publishing markets), media in indigenous languages ​​is actively operated, and the use of languages ​​suitable for modern society has become possible to the extent that indigenous languages ​​are used even in the government. English is mainly used in higher education, but overall, English is used less frequently than in India .

The Greuz script has a unique appearance, but it has the same ancestors as the Roman alphabet we are familiar with. The language of the Ethiopian plateau peoples, who are of Semitic origin, has been largely influenced by southern Arabia. The script used in southern Arabia was brought to Ethiopia and developed into curved shapes and the addition of vowel marks. The South Arabian script has the same roots as the Phoenician alphabet, the ancestor of the Roman alphabet, so there is a connection there. Previously, only consonants were written like Arabic letters without lines that serve as vowel marks , but Ethiopian Semitic languages, including Amharic, have 7 vowels (e.g.[38] , ooh, this, ah, eh, uh[39] , Oh), so the vowel sign was added. The writing system that writes vowels in this way by adding a sign to the basic letter with an internal vowel is called Abugida , and the etymology of the name Abugida comes from the Geozu language.

Unlike the European alphabet, which uses letters to represent pronunciations that do not exist in their language, such as pharyngeal sounds , in vowel notation, it is different in that it developed in a form where lines are drawn according to certain rules for each consonant letter, but the letter located on the far left in the table above (basic type) If you look, you will find letters similar to the Latin alphabet. Additionally, the letter representing the L sound is similar to the Greek letter lambda (Λ, λ ) .

The Greuz script also has its own number notation. As the country is home to many different ethnic groups, the importance of English is increasing. English is taught compulsorily starting from the 4th grade of elementary school. Therefore, it is possible to communicate in English in cities including Addis Ababa, and you can see people speaking English in many tourist destinations. Surprisingly, the status of Hebrew is high in Ethiopia , and since the collapse of the communist regime, the status and influence of Jews has increased, and the number of cases of Hebrew being taught is increasing.

In particular, Ethiopia is famous for its tourism industry, but since there are few foreigners who speak Amharic, English is considered important to communicate with foreigners. This is even more so because the neighboring countries bordering the country all use English as their official language, except for Somalia and Djibouti (Kenya, South Sudan, Sudan, Eritrea, and Somaliland). Although it was once occupied by Italy, its control was so weak that it could not even be treated as a colonial rule, and the period of rule was short, so the Italian language is not used.

Because Ethiopia is in East Africa, Addis Ababa University has a Swahili language course. #

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It is the origin and home of coffee . Coffee produced in the highlands of Abyssinia is highly regarded by gourmets as coffee with a unique variety of sweet taste and floral scent .[40] In addition, it is known that the variety itself is lower in caffeine than coffee in other places after undergoing traditional dry processing. Some regions also use water-processing, such as Sidamo Guzi coffee in the southern region and parts of Harar. It goes through a unique fermentation process rather than a simple water washing process to drop caffeine and form a complex flavor. Also Irgachepe[41] The local sun-dried coffee is also famous. Neighboring countries Tanzania, Kenya, and Yemen are also famous for coffee, and are also known as the places where coffee seeds were spread to these countries.

As it is called the land of coffee, it is a country that has a large amount of coffee called specialty. Representative specialty coffees include Ethiopia Hachira and Ethiopia Nekise.

In addition, the Ethiopian government registered trademark rights on coffee varieties to protect coffee growers in the country, but Starbucks , the main coffee exporter , objected. Instead, they proposed a policy for farmers to the government, but rejected it. In response, Oxfam, an international fair trade organization, criticized Starbucks, and even President Zenawi threatened to cut Ethiopian coffee exports against Starbucks. Eventually, Starbucks backed down and recognized the trademark. Starbucks has committed tyranny such as buying Ethiopian coffee beans at a bargain price. Amid such criticism, Starbucks announced that it would raise the purchase price by more than 10 times, but now it is said that Ethiopia is avoiding it, saying that it can earn several times more by selling in fair trade than selling to Starbucks.

And in 1968, when Emperor Selassie visited Korea, coffee beans enjoyed by the imperial family were delivered through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea, and when the first roastery cafe in Korea was opened in Chuncheon , the emperor personally gave it a name and even permitted the use of the imperial emblem. Currently, this cafe is open almost 365 days a year and is said to have never been closed for a single day.

Ethiopians claim to be the origin of coffee and are very proud of it. For example, the case of an Ethiopian wife with a Korean husband was featured on TV ( Human Theater ). After seeing the coffee he tried in Korea, he said it didn't taste like the original, so he personally brought coffee beans from his hometown and made coffee for his family in Korea. He also proudly told reporters on TV in fluent Korean that his home country is the place where coffee originated. The husband said in front of his wife, “Isn’t coffee from Yemen like Arabian mocha ?” He said that he had been nagging his wife all day, and now he sympathizes with what she says.(...) # [42]

Ethiopia is known as the birthplace of Arabica Coffee. Arabica coffee is mainly cultivated in the highlands, so it is difficult to agriculture, it is difficult to agree, and it is very important, but it is rich in flavor (flavor), dense, and well -being, but it is strong in drought, but it is weak in frost, cold and pests. Planted. It was first born in Ethiopia around 1775 AD and is famous for its coffee enthusiasts to the destination . However, unlike Ethiopia, which uses both wet methods, Colombia also adheres to hand picking using only wet methods.

Unfortunately, wild Arabica Coffee ( Coffee Arabica ) is decreasing in Ethiopia. Because of living in a shadow, the decrease in forests is fatal to the survival of Arabica coffee.

In some countries, such as Ethiopia, Yemen, and Booty , it is a favorite product, but it is a problem . As you can see in the Cat document, the problem is that this cart is allowed to messed up the land in many ways because it is addictive and needs a lot of water. It was also good to make money because it was exported to various countries . However, Ethiopia was also hit hard in exports, as it banned Kart from all over the world and defined it as a drug. He begs to unlock exports to various countries, but he does not eat seeds.

Ethiopia is a world-class marathon powerhouse. Since the country is located on the 'Abyssinian Plateau ', it is generally advantageous for increasing lung capacity, so excellent marathon runners often emerge. The first African-American to win the Olympics, and one of only three people to win the marathon two times in a row.[43] Abebe Bikila completed the Olympics barefoot. It is a country that is quite strong not only in marathons but also in long-distance athletics in general.

However, at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics, no one expected Abebe to win.[44] The fact is that even though Japan won because they did not know the Ethiopian Empire's national anthem, "May Ethiopia be happy" at the time, Kimigayo was played instead of the Ethiopian Empire's national anthem , and it was roughly arranged. Even after becoming paralyzed from the waist down in a car accident, Abebe later continued to be active as a disabled archery athlete and also played wheelchair table tennis. He also entered and won the disabled dog sledding competition in Norway.

Even in the 2000s, it is competing with Kenya for the world's best marathon record. It has a team of athletes including Haile Gebrselassie, who was the first to break the 2:03 minute barrier ( 2:03:59 at the 2008 Berlin Marathon). There are many athletes in Ethiopia who can achieve great success if they are good at running the marathon. In Gebrselassi's case, the prize money he received for winning the Berlin Marathon was equivalent to 40 years of the average salary of an Ethiopian office worker. It is said that he is now extremely wealthy and has as many as 600 people working at his house. The number of marathon hopefuls naturalizing in Europe or Arab countries is increasing.

However, athletics are doping and becoming a problem. Relevant articles

Like Jamaica and Kenya, other athletics powerhouses, sports other than athletics are completely on the periphery. Unlike Kenya, which has won several medals in boxing, and Jamaica, which has won a bronze medal in cycling only once, they have never won a medal in any event other than athletics.

Cycling was introduced by Italians during their occupation in the 1930s.

Cycling is more popular in Line Eritrea than Ethiopia, and is more popular in the Tigra region in Ethiopia.

The largest cycling competition in Ethiopia is the Mekele Cycling Championships, held 39 km away in Mekele, a city in northern Ethiopia.

The Ethiopian Cycling Federation is currently organized as part of the International Cycling Federation.

His first international participation was at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics, where he competed with four cyclists in two other events (the individual route and the team route, both men's), but did not win a medal. He continued to participate in individual routes in 1964 (with 4 cyclists) and 1972 (with 4 cyclists), but without success. Of the latter, only one has completed the race in Ethiopia, which last participated in Olympic cycling in 1972.

In 2015, a cyclist from Mekele named Tsgabu Grmay won Ethiopia's first gold medal at the African Road Championships.

Perhaps due to this influence, professional cycling teams are being established in other parts of Ethiopia other than Tigray, and a lot of effort is being made to attract bicycle tours and international competitions.

Like other African countries, soccer is also a popular sport. It is said that they broadcast many matches of the domestic league, the Ethiopian Premier League, major European soccer leagues, and major African soccer leagues around the country. However, compared to its popularity, the current Ethiopian national soccer team is quite low compared to Ethiopia's national power and status in Africa. Of course, they won the 1962 African Cup of Nations held in their home country, but they have never advanced to the World Cup finals, making them one of the weakest teams in East Africa.

However, in the 2014 FIFA World Cup African region first qualifying round, they advanced to the second qualifying round by defeating Somalia, the weakest team, by a total of 5-0 in the first and second games, and also defeated South Africa, the Central African Republic, and Botswana by 4 points in the second qualifying round. With a record of 1 win, 1 draw, 1 loss, and 1st place in Group A, they achieved the feat of advancing to the final preliminary round for the first time in Ethiopian soccer history, and although they lost to Nigeria in the final preliminary round by a total of 1-4 (1-2, 0-2) in the first and second games. In the end, they failed to advance to the World Cup finals for the first time in history, but they left behind the best performance in the World Cup regional qualifiers in Ethiopian soccer history.

Like other countries on the African continent, basketball is also one of the popular sports in Ethiopia. Ethiopia joined the International Basketball Federation (FIBA) in 1949, and the Ethiopian national basketball team was the first national basketball team in sub-Saharan Africa .

It was good before the 1960s, but now, like soccer , it is at its weakest. The team is being rebuilt with the goal of regaining its past glory.

Panoramic view of the main gate of Addis Ababa University

Ethiopia has been investing heavily in education at the government level since the late 80s, and in the mid-to-early 90s, the education budget accounted for more than 30% of the total budget. Even in the 2010s, the education budget still accounts for about 15% of the total budget.

Thanks to the government's efforts, the elementary school enrollment rate has reached 90%, which is the highest among sub-Saharan African countries. Elementary education is not compulsory or free, but it is at a level where there is no problem in studying if there is a will in the family. Nevertheless, the fact that the graduation rate does not exceed 60% shows that the economic difficulties are still great.

The secondary school enrollment rate is around 40% for both men and women, but the graduation rate is 28% for males and 11% for females.

The government is putting a lot of effort into securing school facilities, securing teachers, and improving the treatment of existing teachers. In terms of facilities, progress has been made to the extent that money has been poured into securing facilities, so that even in underdeveloped areas with no infrastructure, a school building has been erected in the middle of a collapsing house. However, there are only a few people with higher education enough to become teachers, and the treatment of teachers is poor, leading to a chronic teacher shortage. Since the 2000s, in order to secure stable teacher resources, teachers' colleges have been established across the country, and beyond providing scholarships and living expenses, we are paying enough attention to provide certain financial assistance to the families of students who enter teachers' colleges.

It is true that the practice of early marriage and the negative culture of women’s access to education are still widespread in rural areas, so the actual speed of expanding education is slow. However, unlike other African countries, investment in education continues despite the regime change. It is hoped that these efforts will one day see the light of day.

The continued investment in education by the Ethiopian government is related to the fact that the dictators who came to power came from highly educated elites. In the case of Mengistu, he graduated from the Military Academy and studied abroad in the United States and England, and his successor, Zenawi, also graduated from the most prestigious university in Ethiopia and was intelligent enough to read as a hobby. In fact, investing in education in earnest was part of Mengistu's transition from government to presidentialism.

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In Exorcism , this country appeared as a place where the 'Ark of the Covenant' was hidden.

In the 1970s, Matsugae Hari's 『Ethiopia Picture Diary』 describes the following picture.

Like the moderately baked (...) Ethiopian myth described in Ethiopian/historical documents, in reality, the black people of Northeast Africa, such as Ethiopians and neighboring Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somalia, often have lighter skin color and a slightly different appearance than the black people of neighboring Southeast African countries such as South Sudan , Kenya , Uganda , and Tanzania . Because of this, in the days when racism was severe, there was a false story that Ethiopians were not originally black and that soldiers of the Roman Empire went to Africa and settled there. Of course, in reality, white Semitic people from the Middle East went to what is now Ethiopia and became the current Ethiopians through mixed race with black people... It is also true that Abram Petrovitch Gannibal , the black servant of Peter the Great , the ancestor of the Russian great Pushkin , was an Ethiopian. In accordance with this 19th-20th century pseudo-historical racial theory, Western scholars have argued that 'the true original sub-Saharan black people could not have been intelligent enough to adapt to European society and produce great writers as their descendants.' None! So, it is a hypothesis that arose out of a distortion such as 'He must be an Ethiopian who is at least close to white!' According to detailed research by related scholars, it is believed that Gannibal was from the area of ​​modern-day Cameroon on the other side of Africa, which has little to do with Ethiopia.

In Sid Meier's Civilization , it first appeared in Civilization 4 and appeared in Civilization 5 and Civilization 6 . The leader in Part 4 is Zara Yaqob, one of the monarchs who promoted Christianity, and has creative and organizational characteristics. Additionally, the unique unit is the Oromo warrior, which is derived from the Oromo tribe, one of the ethnic groups that make up Ethiopians. It does not attack preemptively but attacks from the other side, making it one of the most powerful units to replace musketeers. In addition, the stone tablets (stele), many of which were erected during the Kingdom of Axum, have creative characteristics, but although they provide additional culture, they provide an advantage in border battles. Meanwhile, the leader of Part 5 is Haile Selassie , and his characteristic 'Spirit of Adua' reflects the modern and contemporary history of maintaining independence despite being invaded by imperialist countries such as Britain, France, and Italy, and receives a combat power bonus against civilizations with more cities than himself. In addition, the stone tablets were changed to provide faith instead of culture, and they are powerful enough to be ranked high in the game, and the Imperial Guard Mehal Separi, who also participated in the Korean War, appears as a unique unit of the industrial era and helps build a strong defensive wall. In Part 6, Menelik II appeared as the leader, and the Rock Church, a Christian cultural relic, appeared as a unique facility, and the Oromo cavalry, which was active in the Battle of Adduwa, appeared as a unique unit. You can secure a lot of faith, and if you build a city on a hill by embodying the fact that it is located in a plateau, it also comes with culture and science, making it one of the strongest factions. In Civilization 7 , it appears as Axum .

In Call of Duty: Black Ops 3 , the NRC is portrayed as leading the "Nile River Coalition", a coalition of nations along the Nile formed to secure resources in Africa . Through this, he appears as the force that captured the Egyptian capital, Cairo .

It appears as a playable nation in Hearts of Iron IV . The leader is Haile Selassie . The difficulty is not low because it is at war with the Kingdom of Italy from the beginning. You can create the East African Federation, the Aksum Empire, etc. through country formation decisions.