Senegal

African continent, the Republic of the Republic, which is in contact with the Atlantic . It is adjacent to Moritani in the north , Mali to East, and Guinea Bisou and Guinea . Gambia is a country that looks like a river in the middle of the country on the map above . The capital is Dakar , famous for its end of Dakar Rally .

The country's name is derived from the Senegal River.

Senegal borders Mauritania in the north via the Senegal River . It borders Mali to the east and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south . The capital is Dakar with a population of approximately 3.52 million . Dakar is 9 hours behind Seoul based on Greenwich Mean Time. The total population of Senegal is approximately 14.32 million as of 2016, and the total land area is 196,722㎢, slightly smaller than the Korean Peninsula . It is an overall flat, low-lying country. Most of the country is below 100m above sea level, with a wide savannah climate and grasslands . There are few mountains , and the only elevated area is the 400 m above sea level ridge of the Phu Ta Salong mountain range in the southeast.

The northern part, bordering the Sahel region, has a dry climate and forms the Perlo Desert. The central region has a steppe climate and is an agricultural zone. The southern Casamance region has a savannah climate with high rainfall and developed forests . It is divided into a rainy season from June to December and a dry season from December to May. The average annual precipitation is less than 600 mm, and the rainy season in the south is significantly longer than in the north. During the rainy season, humid southeast monsoon winds blow toward the Sahara Desert, bringing rain to the entire country. In the dry season, cool trade winds blow from the northwest under the influence of the Canary Cold Current , causing temperatures to drop in the coastal areas. However, inland, the dry heat wind called Harmatan blows from the Sahara, so the temperature does not drop significantly. The hottest month is September to October with temperatures ranging from 30℃ to 35℃, and the coldest month is January with temperatures ranging from 18℃ to 26℃. The driest months are April and May, with an average rainfall of only 1 mm. The wettest month is August, with an average rainfall of 254 mm.

It is a country that eats rice based on the relatively abundant water resources of Senegal River and Gambi -gang . In particular, the Wallov , which is the mainstream people (43%), is a staple of rice and fish. It is the largest rice consumer of West Africa, and chrysanthemum is rice . However, the rice self -sufficiency rate is low, so it is the world's top 10 rice importers. In fact, since 2016, ISRIZ (RIZ in French), which is an improved rice, based on unified rice rolls in cooperation with Korea, has succeeded in response to neighboring countries such as Guinea Beach .

Dakar is the capital of Senegal.

Because it is located at the westernmost tip of Africa and is surrounded by sea on three sides, it is a port that plays an important role in transatlantic trade and European trade, so it has continued to develop since the French colonial period and became the capital even after independence.

Dakar was made a city by the French. In 1902 it was renamed Saint-Louis and became the capital of French West Africa. During World War II, the colony of Senegal had sworn allegiance to the Vichy government, so in September 1940 de Gaulle's Free French forces attacked Dakar, but it ended in failure (the Battle of Dakar). From 1959 to 1960 it was the capital of the Federation of Mali and later became the capital of Senegal to the present day.

There are European-style buildings with a lot of French influence, and there is also a slave camp left over from the colonial era. It is also called an important hub for maritime trade routes connecting the three continents of Europe, Africa, and America. Trade ships, passenger ships, and naval vessels from numerous countries call here.

In Senegal, axes and arrowheads from the Stone Age are being excavated near Dakar , but the history of Senegal is believed to have begun with the Tukulor people settling in the Senegal River basin in the 9th century. It is said that the name of the country Senegal was derived from the name of this tribe. From the early AD until the Middle Ages, Senegal was gradually incorporated into trade with the interior of West Africa and across the Sahara . In particular, trade took place in gold , salt , slaves , and leather .

In ancient Carthage , a fleet led by Hanno invaded this region and attempted to establish a colony, but it was said that the tribes around Western Sahara failed as they fought against the Carthaginians.

Around the 9th century , the Takrur Kingdom of the Fula tribe existed, and it also became the land of kingdoms such as the Kingdom of Ghana and the Empire of Mali . Afterwards, the southeastern region was ruled by the Songhai people following Mali, but in the northwest , a kingdom like Kayor was established following the Jolof Kingdom of the Wolof people , and the Sine Kingdom of the Serer people was established in the southwest region. At this time, in the eastern region, the Fula people established a large country such as Denanque (Greater Pullo Kingdom), and their successor, Putatoro, existed in northern Senegal in the 19th century. The Jollof Kingdom was destroyed by the Fula people.

The Muravit dynasty , which originated in southern Mauritania and northern Senegal, also ruled Morocco and Spain . Wouldn't this be the only case of sub-Saharan Africans conquering Europe ? However, the Muravit dynasty was not black , but Berbers scattered throughout North Africa .

Islam was spread by the Zenaga people, a branch of the northern Berber tribe, in the mid-11th century. In the 11th century, the Al Moravid dynasty influenced West Africa and further accelerated the spread of Islam. However, Islam was not completely established all at once, but was gradually accepted by mixing with existing indigenous beliefs. Afterwards, the conflict continued as non-Muslims along the Niger River basin became more powerful. For a time it was under the influence of the Mali Empire . In the 14th century, the Willow people established the Jollof Empire on the Atlantic coast .

Meanwhile, Europeans have been active around the coast of Senegal since around the 16th century. The Portuguese spread Christianity as they advanced into southern Casamance . Casamance has a high proportion of Christians in Senegal , so there are separatists.

In the 19th century , France invaded the region, occupied and colonized it by General Pedehub, and Senegal became part of French West Africa . The center was also moved from Saint-Louis to Dakar .

Afterwards, it became independent from the French colony on June 20, 1960 . Before independence , in 1959 , the Federation of Mali (Fédération du Mali / Mali Federation) was formed with the neighboring country Sudan ( Mali ) to achieve independence from France. However, the conflict between Senegalese leader Léopold Sedar Senghor and Malian leader Modibo Keita intensified over leadership of the independent Mali Federation.[4] When Keita's plan to defeat Senghor in the first presidential election held immediately after independence was discovered by taking advantage of the fact that Senegal was a Muslim- majority country, Senghor was enraged and declared his withdrawal from the Federation on August 20 of the same year and declared the Republic of Senegal on his own.

If you look at the border of Senegal on the world map , there is an empty space in the middle, like a Pacman who opened her mouth , because of Gambia with territory along the Gambia river basin. All the borders in Gambia are in contact with Senegal and are inseparable from Senegal. In 1982, it was merged under the name ' Confédération de Sénégambie / Senegambia Confederation', but it was separated in seven years. Geographically and racially[5] The two regions, which seemed to have no difference, became a different country . Senegal was dominated by France , but Gambia was dominated by England . There is also a tragic background that France tried to eat Gambia , but he lost his initiative.[6]

Senegal's influential opposition leader Ousmane Sonko was arrested on March 3, 2021, at a time when public dissatisfaction was at its peak due to the coronavirus lockdown . Sonko's Massage Room Incident[7] After the arrest, the opposition party demanded that the youth, who were most dissatisfied with unemployment issues, join together, and anti-Fr and pro-Sonko protests (riots) broke out. The protests intensified and at least five people died. # As a result of this protest, Auchan, a large French supermarket,[8] and Total , a French gas station , were burned down and looted, and many French cars, including Citroen , were damaged.

On May 25, 2022, a late-breaking fire in the neonatal unit of Abdul Aziz Municipality Dabah Hospital in Thibawan, 120 km northeast of Dakar , killed 11 newborn babies, President Macky Sall said. #

Senegal's ruling party claimed victory in the July 31 general elections, but the opposition rejected it. #

In 2023, the president, Maki Sal, was willing to challenge the third round and violated the Constitution , and on June 3, anti -government protests were being sentenced to two years in prison for sexual assaulting the massage parliamentary staff to the opposition party . In this process, blood pressure is underway and the Internet was blocked. #

 more detailsSenegal/Economy documentcastPlease note.

Senegal's main industries include agriculture and fishing, which produce peanuts and cotton , service industries led by the tourism industry, and mining and industry using phosphate and iron ore .

Peanuts, in particular, are called Senegal's golden, so there is a big impact on the Senegal economy. Specifically, 25%of exports are peanuts. And phosphate belongs to the top 10 producers.

Senegal is considered a fairly democratic country in Africa, along with Ghana , Mauritius , Namibia , Botswana , and South Africa . Since independence, there has not been a single coup or major conflict, which is a rare case among African countries .

This ethos was greatly influenced by Senegal's first president , Leopold Sedar Senghor , who achieved the feat of being the first leader in Africa to voluntarily step down . Afterwards, power passed peacefully to the second president, Abdou Diouf.[9] You may think that it is natural for the president to leave office, but in Africa, where extreme corruption and life-long dictatorship are the norm and coups and succession of power are options, if it is at this level, it is almost like making a contribution to democratic politics. However, Senghor himself was reappointed five times. Although he has nothing to say since he was elected by the votes of his own people, he held four presidential elections (1963, 68, 73, and 78).[10] Three of them were comfortably elected as candidates running alone. After stepping down from the presidency, Senghor lived peacefully with his wife in the countryside called Bergson for 20 years before passing away in 2001.

The current president is the fifth president, Bassirou Diomaye Faye, who took office on April 2, 2024, succeeding his predecessor, President Macky Sall (in office 2012-2024) . Born in 1980, he is the youngest president of Senegal. In the election held on March 24, he was elected with 54.28% of the vote, ahead of incumbent Prime Minister Ahmadu Ba (35.79%). Unless there is an incident such as a constitutional amendment or coup, he will remain in office as president until 2034 under a five-year reappointment system.

The democracy index ranked 83rd as of 2023 and was classified as a mixed system . Looking at it globally, it is not excellent, but in the middle.[11]

Originally , it was a dual house government system , but it was changed to a presidential system on May 14, 2019 according to President Macky Sall's pledge . Prior to that , in 2016, the presidential term was reduced from 7 years to 5 years.

In the southern Casamance region, bordering Gambia and Guinea-Bissau, there have been continuous calls for independence since the 1980s . The southern Casamance region opposes Islamization in Senegal, where Islam dominates and accounts for more than 90% of the population, and the majority of residents are Christians (approximately 5% of the Senegalese population) and indigenous religions (approximately 1% of the Senegalese population). , these forces, advocating independence due to religious differences, formed an armed rebel group, MFDC (Cajamance Democratic Movement Group), and have been waging a guerrilla war against government forces.

Accordingly, the Republic of Korea The Ministry of Foreign Affairs classifies the Casamance region in southern Senegal as a level 2 travel restriction area. Currently, it has been downgraded to level 1 to see if it has stabilized.

Director Ousmane Sembene, who made the first feature-length film in sub-Saharan Africa and is considered the forefather of African cinema, is from this country. He was originally a novelist, but studied film in the Soviet Union and became a film director. Perhaps because of this, Senegal is the first country in Africa to develop a film industry, excluding South Africa and Egypt.

A representative example is Jibrel Job Mambéty's Touki Buki, which was praised by Western film directors including Martin Scorsese . However, since the 1980s, it has been at a loss.

Most of the residents believe in Islam . However, the southern Kazamans have a high proportion of Christians . And the influence of Sufism is very great. Because Sufism has a strong influence, Senegal, like Morocco, blocks Islamic fundamentalist forces. Additionally, the status of Sufism mosques is very high. Most of the Casamance region believes in Christianity and primitive religions , but since it is part of Senegal , there are also many Muslims . In general, Senegalese Islam has been greatly influenced by Sufism and shamanism.[12]

Both Islamic and Christian holidays are recognized as public holidays . In Senegal, August 15th is also a public holiday, and there is no substitute holiday.

 more detailsSenegalese/Language documentcastPlease note.

The official language of Senegal is French , but Wolof , Serelle, Fula , Bambara , Mandinka , Sonninga and other indigenous languages ​​are also used. Among these, Wolof is widely used because there are many speakers of Wolof, and Wolof is a lingua franca and one of the official languages ​​in Senegal along with French. And since it is ruled by France, French is designated as the official language, so it is also a member of the Francophone .

However, Senegal has a majority of Wolof speakers , and as the Wolof language spreads, only about one-third of people know French, so they are starting to develop French education and content with the help of Francophone. #[13] Still, as linguistic nationalism grows with the perception that Wolof, an indigenous language, symbolizes post-colonial Senegaleseness, the status of Wolof is rising, even in public settings. As a policy, if only Wolof is given priority, there is a risk of conflict with the reality of users of other indigenous languages, so some say that the national language itself should be emphasized.

As Senegal's relationship with China deepens, the number of people learning Chinese ( Standard Chinese ) as a second language is increasing. # And, uniquely, Senegal is an observer country in the Community of Portuguese-Speaking Countries .[14]

In Senegal , the Hassaniya language , a type of Arabic dialect , is spoken slightly across the western edge of the Arabic cultural sphere that continues in North Africa . Unlike the Arabic dialects in other regions, the Senegalese government introduced the romanization of the Hassaniya language.

In the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup , Senegal caused the so-called Senegal Shock by beating former World Cup champion France 1:0 with the winning goal by Bouba Diop , and advanced to the quarterfinals, becoming the first African country to do so. They have become famous as a football powerhouse. For more information about the national team, see Senegal national football team .

Demba Ba , who played for Premier League teams Newcastle and Chelsea , is from Senegal, and Newcastle 's Papis Cisse is also from Senegal. Papi Jillobozi, who became popular in Korea because of his name, is also a Senegalese player, while Liverpool legend Sadio Mane , who plays for Al Nassr , and Kalidou Koulibaly, who plays for Al Hilal , are indispensable to the Senegal national football team . Goalkeeper Edouard Mendy , who plays for Al Ahly , Idrissa Gueye of Everton FC , Papa Bouba Diop , one of the key players in the quarterfinals of the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup , El Hadji Diouf , Senegal's best player before Sadio Mane , midfielder Cheikou Kouyate , who is active in the Premier League , led the quarterfinals of the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup as the captain of the national team and is currently serving as the national team coach. Aliou Cisse is also from Senegal. Fape Sar, who plays for Tottenham , is also a Senegalese national. In addition, among black players of French nationality, many are of Senegalese origin or were born in Senegal.

It is also a powerhouse in women's basketball in Africa . From the 1960s to the early 1980s, they competed for the African Basketball Championship title with Egypt , competing against each other in the finals several times, and tied with Egypt for the record 5 championships. However, starting with the win in 1989, Angola Basketball dominated the championship, winning for the 11th time in 2013, surpassing the 5 wins (10) won by Senegal and Egypt each. Senegal finished as runners-up in the 1992, 1995 and 2005 tournaments, losing to Angola in the final.

With Dakar selected as the host city for the 2026 Dakar Summer Youth Olympic Games, Senegal became the first country in Africa to host the Olympic Games. The only medal Senegal has received at the Olympics is a silver medal in track and field at the 1988 Seoul Olympics .

Patou Duke, a volleyball player who played in the V-League, is of Senegalese nationality.

Traditional wrestling, called ' Laamb ', is famous, and like sumo in Japan , it has been commercialized to some extent. There is a dedicated stadium and there is also TV broadcasting. The game video of the players' well-toned, muscular bodies became a hot topic on the Korean Internet. #

 more detailsSenegalese and Gambian Cuisine documentcastPlease note.

(Senegal cutlassfish is famous in Korea.)

Because it borders the sea, seafood is abundant, and the cuisine is diverse, influenced by Arab cuisine and former colonial countries such as Portugal and France . That is why it is considered a country in Africa with quite delicious cuisine, and its people are said to be proud of it. Jollof Rice , a fried rice dish , is famous. As mentioned above, it is a country where rice is the staple food.

However, since it is a low-income Muslim Saharan culture, there are many food restrictions, and in fact, the food culture itself is very simple. The main food eaten in Senegal is high-calorie foods such as baguettes, zebuzen (fried rice with fish), and zebuyap (rice with meat), and sometimes lamb is eaten for congratulations and condolences. I tend to drink attaya, a sugar tea with herbs instead of alcohol, very often.

Mafé, a peanut /tomato stew, is also known. Minus the peanuts and you get domodaa. Plantain, a vegetable similar to bananas , is also known and is eaten cooked rather than raw. It looks similar, but it has more starch than sweetness, and it is yellow and does not ripen.

When walking down the street, you can often see foods that can be easily prepared. Mainly sandwiches or hamburgers. It is a sandwich made with a hard local baguette mixed with a fried egg, French fries, mustard sauce, and pepper, or a hamburger with cheap Emmental cheese, a fried egg, and French fries. --(There are almost no franchise hamburgers and sandwiches.)

 more detailsSenegalese documentcastPlease note.

 more detailsSenegal / Diplomacy documentcastPlease note.

Dakar, the capital of this country, is the seat of the Federal Assembly of the Earth Federal Government in Mobile Suit Z Gundam . The assassination of Brigadier General Blaxfora , the leader of the AEUG , and Char Aznable 's Dakar speech, which became a turning point in the Gryphs campaign era, are said to have occurred here.

In Kuroko's Basketball, foreign students from that nationality appear.

Io Capitano is a 2023 film about two Welov youths, Seydoux and Musa, who travel to Italy.

Jurassic World: This is the background of Chaos theory Season 2.

Vito from Senegal was released as the 29th agent in VALORANT .