Jordan

It is a constitutional monarchy country in West Asia . The capital is Amman (عمان; Amman).

The area is 89,342 km², and the population is 10,248,069 (2017 statistics).[11] It is the only port city on a coastline of about 20 km leading to the Red Sea . There is Aqaba .

The official state is the kingdom of Jordan. 'Jordan' is a 'Jordan' in English and is Arabic اأ / Al-ʔurdun. It was named after the Jordan River of the same name, and the translation of Jordan was influenced by the translated name in the Latin version of most translation of the Bible. And 'Hasim' is taken from the Hadim family , the royal family of Jordan.

 more detailsJordan royal family documentcastPlease note.

It was enacted with the founding of the Kingdom of Jordan in 1946 , and was written by Abdulmonem Rifai and composed by Abdul Kader al-Tanir.

The flag of Jordan is a black , white , and green tricolor, a red triangle and seven-colored star, with a 1: 2 ratio. This is 1928 It was officially enacted on April 16 and contains symbolic elements that reflect the history of the Jordan kingdom and the Arab nationalist movement.

The basic design of the flag originated from the Arab Revolt Flag (1916-1918). It is similar to the Arab Revolt, but the biggest difference is the addition of a seven-pointed white star (seven-pointed star) inside a red triangle.

The seven-pointed star drawn inside a red triangle is the most original element of the Jordanian flag. The meaning of this star is as follows.

The Jordan flag is very similar to the Palestinian flag, because both flags are based on the Arab rebels. However, the Jordan flag is different in that the seven-pointed star is added.

The Palestinian flag uses the same color, but there is no seventh angle in the red triangle. In addition, the proportion of red triangles is also bigger, so it is somewhat difficult to distinguish between the Jordan and Palestinian flag without seven -awesight.

The flag of the Sahara Arab Democratic Republic ( the flag of Western Sahara ) was also influenced by the Arab Revolt, but had a crescent moon and star in the center of the white area.

Sudan flags use the same color, but have different horizontal stripes and shapes and use green triangles, not red triangles.

1916 ~ 1918: Arab Revolt – The flag that became the prototype of the modern Jordanian flag. Used as the flag of the contemporary Kingdom of Hejaz .

1921 ~ 1928: Flag of the Amirate of Transjordan – Similar to the current flag of Jordan, but without the seven-pointed star. It was used as the flag of the contemporary Kingdom of Hejaz until 1925 .

April 16, 1928: The current official flag of Jordan was adopted.

As such, the Jordan flag is not just a symbol, but a deep meaning that reflects history, religion, and nationalism.

 more detailsJordan/History documentcastPlease note.

It is officially a constitutional monarchy that promotes democracy, but as with the Middle East itself, it actually implements the actual monarchy that the king holds all authority. The king has a right to appoint the prime minister, military and intelligence agency[12] The king is appointed by the Supreme Court Justice and Congress . The council is also convened and dissolved as the king has a dissolution rights, but he is mana. The legislation is officially approved by the Senate and the House of Representatives, but most of the government -led legislation with the king.[13] There is also a serious oppression of the media, and the media, publishing, and the Internet are unconditionally censored, and thoroughly forbidden criticism of the king, royal family, government, army, and religion, and criticize it. The government's oppression of journalists is also severe . As a result, Jordan is ranked 147th in the press freedom and is designated as a serious media oppression.



King Abdullah II (left) and Prime Minister Omar Rajaz (right) wield de facto power in Jordan.

Hussein I is famous for being a fairly sensible monarch, and a constitutional monarchy was established during his reign.[14] The current King, Abdullah II , is his eldest son. He is known for being open-minded compared to other Arab royalty, but slightly underappreciated than his father. Also, his wife, Queen Rania, is a beauty.

The reason for the poor evaluation is that King Abdullah II blatantly sides with Israel and the United States, causing strong opposition to Islamic nationalism and the Palestinians who make up a significant number of people in their country. Nevertheless, this is a stepping stone for the United States and Israel, who are concerned that Jordan will gain the upper hand in Islamic extremism or transition to democracy, to provide massive support, including military aid.[15] Although he does not have much political power, he is still the king. Many people are of the opinion that Abdullah II is also anti-government or suppresses criticism against him, so he falls short of his father in terms of human rights. Unlike his father, who treated the opposition with respect and was recognized by the opposition, he took a coercive approach and received a lot of resentment from the radicals.

For this reason, there are often terrorist attacks in Jordan, and in 2005, a luxury hotel in Amman exploded, killing many people. The explosion killed Mustafa Akkad, producer of the legendary slasher film Halloween series and director of Lions of the Desert. Afterwards, the rights to the Halloween series were taken over by his son, Malek Akkad, who participated in the production of the rebooted Halloween series in the 2010s.

The Jordanian royal family is also in a state of unrest due to the popular revolutions that took place in Tunisia and Egypt in 2011 . In the meantime, they gained support through pro-American and pro-Israel policies and maintained the royal family and military, suppressing discontent even though the majority of the population was Palestinian. This led to the establishment of a Muslim Brotherhood regime in Egypt, and there were concerns that a popular revolution would break out in Jordan as a result. The royal family is already struggling to lower various taxes and appease dissatisfaction. There were rumors of a crisis at one point, but unlike Syria, which was in shambles until November 2012, things went well.[16]

Jordan is also suffering from the emergence of Daesh (IS), a cancerous entity that has gripped the Arab world in 2014 . Daesh 's main strategy is to parasitize in countries where domestic security is unstable and the country is on the verge of collapse, insisting on an Islamic holy war, and the lower classes sympathize with it. In the case of Jordan, security is well maintained and the public's level of awareness is high, so there has not yet been a large-scale invasion or destruction of various facilities, but as participants emerge from Jordan, there are concerns such as terrorism. Moreover, with the influx of hundreds of thousands of refugees from the Syrian civil war, wages are on a downward trend.[17] This is because rents are rising rapidly, causing great dissatisfaction among the country's citizens, and at the same time, refugees are flocking in from Iraq in large numbers.[18]

As a result, Jordan was not able to handle the Syrian border in January 2017, saying that he would no longer accept refugees. In the official number, Jordan's refugee is about 2 million, followed by Türkiye, which is more than 3 million. Turkish population is 80 million and Jordan is 10 million. Jordan is enduring the world's worst refugee burden that is hard to imagine. Europe cannot make business cards on this population, which discusses the European refugee crisis but is not in fact comparable. Thus, after the 2010s, the Syrian government's war in the Syrian military, the Syrian government of the Assad regime became advantageous and stabilized to the central part of the country, and the Jordan government encouraged the return of Syrian refugees. In fact, this is a bit of a betrayal. Jordan also supported the Bedouin tribes in southern Syria and militaryly supported the Free Syrian army . # Still, Syria-Jordan Border Altanph has a small rebels supported by Jordan.[19]

In 2020, Jordan was criticized by human rights groups for moving dozens of Syrian refugees to the Rukban camp in the desert. Due to lack of legal procedures during the transfer process, it is considered that the refugees were in fact deported to the Syrian border area. #

In February 2015, negotiations to exchange the Jordanian pilot Muat al-Qasasbeh, who had been captured by the Daesh side, with the Daesh terrorists captured by the Jordanian side broke down, and the pilot was then burned alive . After watching this video, the Jordanian side immediately executed the terrorists, and the people were outraged by ISIL 's atrocities.[20] It is known that King Abdullah II expressed great anger by expressing his will to launch an air raid himself, but this is not true. article[21]

On August 1, 2017, the country followed Morocco , Tunisia , and Egypt in repealing the law that exempts rapists from being prosecuted if they marry. 1 2

On June 4, 2018, protests erupted in Jordan against the government's austerity policies and tax increases, leading to the resignation of the prime minister. #

In Jordan, there is a movement to establish a left-wing political party in 2018. The 'Citizens' Alliance' they founded was ultimately not very active, but was supported by Jordan's fearsome established political parties (the Jordanian branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, the Jordanian Communist Party , and even two parties affiliated with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, an extreme left-wing revolutionary organization). I followed fate as is. When the National Socialist Party, which originally advocated Arab socialism, won the 1956 election and formed a left-wing cabinet including communists, King Hussein I dissolved the party and banned all political party activities until 1989, so it is not unusual. Considering that most Arab countries are either nationalistic + slightly leftist dictatorships, pro-American monarchies, Islamic extremist countries, civil wars, or other similar evils, Jordan appears to have decided to remain a pro-American monarchy. #

As the economy is shaken by the Corona 19 epidemic in 2021, dissatisfaction continues in politics. In the meantime, in April 2021, Prince Hamza, the king's half-brother, was implicated in a coup plot and placed under house arrest. The knight , Prince Hamza, initially protested and resisted, saying that he had never led the coup plot, but eventually sent a letter of loyalty to the king under the mediation of the king's uncle, Prince Hassan, and the conflict appeared to have been resolved on the surface. article

Tensions are rising as the Iraqi Shia militia Kataib Hezbollah declared plans to target Jordan in April 2024 and massively arm anti-government protesters who have spread in the wake of the Israel-Hamas war in 2023 . Protesters are demanding to block Israeli cargo transportation through Jordan. #

 more detailsJordan / Diplomacy documentcastPlease note.

 more detailsJordan Army documentcastPlease note.

 more detailsJordan/Economy documentcastPlease note.

80% of the country is a desert area, dry and barren. Although there are quite a few places with a hot desert climate, there are many places where the wind blows and the climate is cool, so royal families from other Arab countries come here to take a summer vacation, and in the case of Aqaba, which has a beach, it is said that many people have purchased private villas in various places.

There is a serious water shortage problem, and there is almost no rain in the summer, so the annual precipitation is only 90 mm. In particular, the conflict with Israel, Syria, and Lebanon over water resources in the Jordan River is very severe. In addition, Jordan is highly urbanized, with 60% of the total population living in cities, and the demand for water has increased explosively due to population growth, further depleting already scarce water resources. So, although Jordan imports a large amount of water, it still cannot afford it, so the government implements a rationing system that supplies water to citizens only once a week. Despite this, Jordan's water shortage is becoming increasingly serious.

Above all, due to desertification and climate change, the already low rainfall is gradually decreasing, making it difficult to secure sufficient water. In fact, this is not just a problem in Jordan, but also in other Middle Eastern and North African countries , including Iran and Israel .

Along with North America's Quetzalcoatlus , fossils of Aramboorgiania, the largest pterosaur from the late Cretaceous period , were discovered in Jordan. It was such a hot topic in Jordan at the time that former King Abdullah I of Jordan and members of the Hashemite royal family visited the fossil excavation site to see the pterosaur fossils in person.

More than 92% of Jordanians are Sunni Although it is Muslim , about 7% of the population is Christian due to neighboring Palestine .[22] The largest denomination is Orthodoxy . catholic[23] There are also those who believe in the Syrian Orthodox Church , the Coptic Orthodox Church , and the Armenian Apostolic Church . Apart from the rest of the Middle East being under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Antioch, Jordan is largely influenced by the Patriarch of Jerusalem due to its large Palestinian Christian refugee population . However, Jordan is not free from discrimination against Christians, and many Christians are immigrating to the United States, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, etc. Jordan also has small numbers of Shiite Muslims and Druze believers.

For many years, Jordan was famous for having tolerated other religions in the Islamic world. Jordan prohibits religious discrimination by the Constitution and allows them to freely implement religious faith and worship. In particular, Abdullah II, the king of Jordan, is a relatively progressive greeting among other Islamic state leaders in the Middle East. He criticized Islamic extremists in a speech in England on September 13, 2005, emphasizing conversations based on inclusion and compromise. The Jordan Council is also a legislation to obtain permission from the authorities for details such as topics and lecturers for all religious events conducted by Islamic temples and institutions to prevent extremism from spreading through the Islamic temple in Jordan on September 24, 2006. Passed. Even in 2012, even political parties prohibit religion, and all of Jordan's political parties seek secularism and no religious party.

The Jordanian government also prohibits forcing its people to convert. Religious openness is unprecedented for a country where Islam is the state religion, allowing Jordanians who do not believe in Islam as well as refugees including Palestine to accept the Christian faith.

Jordan's constitution guarantees religious freedom, but at the same time enforces a dual legal system that applies Islamic law to Muslims. Still, it's better than Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Brunei, which enforce Islamic laws.

However, apart from this, criticism of Islam is prohibited and punished, and human rights groups criticize it. In particular, a Jordanian artist who published anti-Islamic cartoons was deleted and banned from being published, and while he was indicted and awaiting trial, the author was killed by an Islamic extremist. article

 more detailsJordan/Culture documentcastPlease note.

 more detailsJordan/Tourism documentcastPlease note.

It has the same spelling and English pronunciation as Michael Jordan . Taking advantage of this, British comedian Sacha Baron Cohen joked in a sketch visiting the UN Headquarters, "Isn't it a bit difficult to reserve a seat for one person, no matter how famous he or she is?" If you type Jordan, the English name of the country, into Google, only results related to sporting goods or basketball players will come up. You have to type Jordan country to get results related to Jordan.

Because Jordan is an Islamic country, it is easy to misunderstand that the color of the passport cover is green, but the cover color of the Jordanian passport is blue.