Republic of Sudan

A federal country in northeastern Africa . The capital is Khartoum (الخرطوم‎, Khartoum). It is the 3rd largest country on the African continent and the 15th largest country in the world.

2011 Until July , it was the largest country in Africa, but after South Sudan broke away, this title was handed over to Algeria . Before independence , South Sudan had a land area of ​​2,530,397 km², making it the largest country in Africa and the 10th largest country in the world. With South Sudan's independence on July 9, Algeria became the largest country in Africa . Additionally, the country's land area ranking fell from 10th to 15th in the world, behind Algeria , Democratic Republic of the Congo , Saudi Arabia , Mexico , and Indonesia .

It borders Egypt and Libya to the north , Chad to the west, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east , and the Central African Republic and South Sudan to the south. Only some areas in the northeast face the Red Sea , and face Saudi Arabia on the other side. Just across the sea from Port Sudan is Mecca and Baha'i Province in western Saudi Arabia .

The official state is the Republic of Sudan (ج الان, Republic of the Sudan). The abbreviation of the abbreviated state, Sudan, is derived from Villard Asudan (باد الان / bilād as-sūdān), a place of nomination to the southern part of the Sahara Desert and an Arabic . The Arabs on the Arabian Peninsula referred to the entire area where black people lived across the Red Sea, referring to Villad Daddan (باد الان), which means the land of blacks, which led to Anglo-Egyptian Sudan , which refers to colonial stations in the surrounding seasons installed by modern England and Egypt. Afterwards, it became the name of the Sudan.

The reason why the articles of incorporation is the influence of the Arabic state, الان / as-sūdān, but it is derived from the word 'black people' (وان / sūdān) in the word Sudan itself, so the rules that attach the Thees before the national name are applied to the nation's name. That's why. However, South Sudan does not have this.

It is often called North Sudan because of its southern border. But this is not the correct name. The Republic of Sudan and South Sudan are not divided, but South Sudan became independent, and neither side has any intention of unification, so the situation is different from the current Korea or past Germany. This is also because the micronation Kingdom of North Sudan, recognized by Egypt , exists in the unoccupied Bir Tawil region located on the border between Sudan and Egypt.

When speaking formally, it is expressed as the Republic of Sudan, but in general, it is more commonly used as 'Sudan'.

 more detailsRepublic of Sudan/Flag documentcastPlease note.

It was written in Arabic like an Islamic country and is a lyrics related to Islam . This was inconvenient in South Sudan, which believes in Christianity and African indigenous faith, and there are cases that refused to promote.

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Most of the country lies in the Sahara Desert and Sahel , so it falls under the desert climate (BWh) of Köppen's climate classification. However, some parts of the southern region bordering South Sudan have a steppe climate (BSh). The rainy season lasts from summer to fall, from August to October. From March to July before the rainy season, sandstorms called haboobs, strong enough to cause yellow dust, occur, disrupting daily life. #

The Nile River flows through the country, and in the capital Khartoum, the White Nile River, which flows through South Sudan, and the Blue Nile River, which flows through Ethiopia, merge into one.

Although it belongs to the Islamic cultural sphere, there are significant tribal differences, and it is a mixture of African Arabs such as the Bakara people, Arabized Nilotic Nubians and Fur people , and Arabs from Yemen and Egypt . Due to the influence of Egyptian immigrants, people with white skin are gradually appearing in the north. Arabized Nubians are the mainstream of society, while Nubians whose first language is not Arabic are separately classified as the Nuba people . The dry and desolate lands of the Nubian Desert ( eastern part of the Sahara Desert ) are inhabited by Arabs who mainly believe in Islam. Darfur is home to the Nile-Saharan Black Fur people, who speak Arabic and Fur, and are often classified as Arabs. The Bakara Arabs , who live across western Sudan and Chad, have a different origin from the Arabs of northern Sudan. The Nubian Jaali Arabs in northern Sudan are made up of thousands of years of mixing and assimilation between Egyptians and Nubians, while the Bakara Arabs in the south migrated to southern Sudan to escape the oppression of the Bedouins by the Mamluk dynasty in medieval Egypt and became black Nile-Saharan people. They are descendants of Arab Bedouin marauders of mixed blood.

Sudan is a military dictatorship , and due to the influence of the Arab Spring , there was a large backlash against President Omar al-Bashir . In fact, popular protests took place here in February 2011, but they became relatively quiet, but Omar al-Bashir was arrested in April 2019 . However, the political situation is still unstable and security is not good, so the Republic of Sudan is considered a dead-end country. In particular, the Sudanese coup occurred in October 2021, two years after al-Bashir's resignation . How serious this is is that it is the 17th coup d'état . This clearly shows how little Sudan is under civilian control.

In April 2023, it was announced that a militia led by Dagalo , a member of the rebel Rapid Support Forces (RSF) , staged a coup and took control of the presidential palace and international airport in the capital Khartoum . The firefight continues in Khartoum, and the situation is very urgent. In 2019, he staged a coup along with Alburhan, a member of the government army , to oust the dictator Al-Bashir, and when a democratic regime was launched, he staged a coup again to oust the democratic regime and took over power together with Alburhan. However, when he had a conflict with Burhan, the current number one partner, because his personality did not match, a power struggle began.

# In addition, with Egypt providing military support to the government forces and Russia providing military support to the RSF, there are concerns that the conflict may grow as external forces become involved. #Refer to item 28 Korean citizens who were isolated due to armed conflict escaped from Sudan by military aircraft through the ROK Air Force's Operation Promise on the 25th and landed safely at Seoul Airport. #

Economic difficulties are serious, and as of 2020, Sudan's GDP per capita is $724. This is lower than $1,909 in 2015. Fortunately, this has improved; in 2019, it was $441. # # Don't do it. As of 2024, it has become more serious, reaching $581.

Although there are oil fields, most of the economy and industry depend on agriculture. 80% of the workforce is engaged in agriculture, and one-third of GDP comes from agriculture. Fortunately, farming is possible thanks to the Nile River, but recent abnormal weather conditions have led to frequent floods and droughts, and there is conflict between Egypt and Ethiopia over the Nile River issue. And in 2023 , the situation is worsening, with the Sudanese civil war destroying infrastructure and creating millions of refugees. Because it is an arid region, agriculture is mainly livestock farming, producing lamb and camel meat, and the main crop is sesame , which ranks first in production (18%) and export volume in the world. Second place is cotton . In particular, sesame seeds grow well even in dry and barren areas, require less water for cultivation than cotton, and are rarely consumed domestically, so they are rapidly emerging as an export crop, surpassing India, which was first in the past, and are being actively exported to China, Japan, and Korea for the production of sesame oil . The export amount is greater than that of oil . However, the quality of the sesame oil itself does not seem to be good. Many people say that Sudanese sesame oil has a strong bitter taste and that the overall taste itself is greatly inferior, and in the cartoon Gourmet , the main character , Seong-chan , loses in a buckwheat noodle battle with Oh Bong-ju because the mill owner mixes Seong-chan's sesame oil with Sudanese sesame oil at the instigation of Oh Bong-ju's driver. Of course, Oh Bong-ju, who immediately notices this, slaps the driver, fires him, and declares defeat, telling Seong-chan that he lost.

Arabic and English are designated as official languages , with Arabic being designated as the national language. English is included in the constitution as an official language, and Arabic is also an official language. In real language life, the Sudanese Arabic dialect , similar to the Egyptian Arabic dialect, is used. Arabic and English newspapers are published in the Republic of Sudan.

And when the Soviet Union existed, it was very close to the Soviet Union, and even now, the Republic of Sudan is a pro-Russian state close to Russia . Because of the influence of studying in Russia, many learn Russian . Related articles (Russian) . Also, Sudan is a pro-China country close to China , and Chinese language education is taking place accordingly .

There are also other ethnic minorities living in the Republic of Sudan, so some other minority languages ​​such as Pur are also spoken.

It consists of 18 states.

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In the past , during the time of military dictator Omar al-Bashir , who took power through a coup, Islam (Sunni) was forced as the state religion and Sharia , Islamic law , was adopted and implemented. In addition, other Christian believers in Sudan are discriminated against or oppressed. Southern blacks who believed in Christianity or indigenous beliefs accounted for a quarter of the entire area and population of the Republic of Sudan at the time. Civil war and massacres continued until they founded South Sudan , and his Sharia tyranny ultimately became the cause of South Sudan's independence.

It is a country with a bad reputation, and if limited to the Republic of Sudan, it also has the image of being a den of terrorists . It served as one of the strongholds of the international terrorist organization Al Qaeda . There was an indiscriminate massacre of black people who believed in Christianity and a civil war between Muslims and tribes who spoke Arabic, and the Darfur massacre was a representative example. The indigenous Fur people of Darfur are Arabized Nailots , and are in a dispute over land with the Arabized Bakara people, who are also descendants of Bedouins .

And in 1989 President Omar al-Bashir , who took power through a coup and ruled for 30 years, is a dictatorship, but he was declared a war criminal of genocide by the International Criminal Court for the Darfur massacre. In addition, Osama bin Laden , who was expelled from his home country Saudi Arabia in 1991, lived in the Republic of Sudan for five years.

He later moved to Afghanistan . In fact, the government of the Republic of Sudan kicked him out. In addition, Al-Bashir had members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad led by Ayman al-Zawahiri , but when they continued to engage in provocative actions, he also kicked them out.

After President Omar al-Bashir stepped down in a coup , the new military declared that "Sudan is not an Islamic country, but a secular country with multiple ethnic groups," and ultimately decided to pursue a policy of separation of church and state, announcing that it would abolish state religion in Sudan's constitution . # An agreement on the separation of church and state was signed in March 2021. #

The Republic of Sudan, like Saudi Arabia and Iran, ranks last in women's human rights. Moreover, here in 2010, a woman wearing jeans was whipped by local police. # It is also a country with strong anti-homosexual tendencies and punishes homosexuals with the death penalty. And in the Republic of Sudan, marital rape is so severe that a defense lawyer who tried to help a 19-year-old woman sentenced to death for killing her husband who tried to rape her was threatened by security officials to abandon the trial. # And when she was sentenced to death, she appealed again, # and eventually became an issue and she was spared the death penalty. # And the Republic of Sudan is a country where child marriages are very common. #

However, it may have improved a lot after dictator Bashir was ousted, but in 2020, there are very few women wearing niqabs or burkas in Khartoum, the capital of the Republic of Sudan, and most women are seen walking around with only a hijab on their heads, walking around with men, or coming to the market.

On May 2, 2020, the Republic of Sudan outlawed female genital mutilation, punishable by up to three years in prison. # On July 10, the Sovereign Council, the highest governing body of the Republic of Sudan, ratified a law outlawing female genital mutilation. #

 more detailsRepublic of Sudan/Diplomacy documentcastPlease note.

It was the first country to host the Africa Cup of Nations . For more information, see Sudan National Football Team .

He won his first medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

The ruins of Meroe

On April 15, 2023, as the civil war broke out, 28 Koreans residing in Sudan were safely repatriated to Korea. On April 28, Sudan was declared a travel ban .

Korean passport holders must obtain a prior visa to enter the country. If you enter the Republic of Sudan by land from Egypt, you can obtain a visa at the Consulate General of the Republic of Sudan in Aswan, but due to the deterioration of relations between the two countries, it takes about half a day to cross the border.

If you have visited Sudan since March 2011, you cannot receive the US visa-free benefit using ESTA , and you must obtain a visa to enter the US. It is a very difficult country to travel to. Because of Western sanctions, you cannot use credit cards or ATMs in Sudan, so be sure to bring enough cash with you before entering the country. In addition, you must register your place of residence within 3 days of entering the country. In the past, travel permits and photo permits were also required when traveling outside of Khartoum , but these have been abolished since 2018. Later, in 2020, some sanctions were lifted, but visa-free benefits in the United States are still impossible.

It's a bit less dangerous than other eastern latitudes like Niger , Mali , Burkina Faso and Chad , but equally dangerous. Sudan has an area 18.9 times larger than that of the Korean Peninsula, but with a population of only 40 million, the population density is extremely low, which makes it difficult to maintain public order. In particular, you should refrain from visiting Darfur and the southern regions of South Cordopan and the Blue Nile as they are very dangerous. Traveling by land to Chad , the Central African Republic or South Sudan is also dangerous because of Boko Haram , and in South Sudan it is very dangerous because of the deterioration of bilateral relations. In addition, all southern provinces of the Republic of Sudan are very dangerous due to the high number of epidemics. South Cordopan and the Blue Nile are at risk as hotbeds of Ebola , along with northern South Sudan . And other African viral infections, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and Lassa fever, are also fatal. There is also a risk of sleeping sickness as the tsetse fly lives here . The Fezzan region of Libya , Taxilajer in southern Algeria , Marrakech in southern Morocco , and Aswan in southern Egypt are the northern limits of Tsetse paris, and South Africa The Transvaal region, including Johannesburg, is the southern limit. You don't have to wear long clothes for a safari in South Africa's Kruger National Park.

The main purpose of visiting Sudan is business or package tourism, and when you arrive at Khartoum International Airport for these purposes, someone will come out to meet you. Foreigners visiting Sudan must bring their passport to a designated government office within three days to register and receive a stamp on their passport. If you cannot show this stamp when you leave the country later, it will be a headache. There is an office at the airport where you can register, so if you arrive in Khartoum during business hours, the person who will meet you before you leave the airport will take care of it. If you arrived in Khartoum on a backpacking trip, you can go there in person and register with an English-speaking airport staff member, or you can ask the accommodation you are staying to do it for you. If you give your passport and some money, someone will go and register for you within half a day and return your passport.

Although it is not well known because it is overshadowed by its neighboring country, Egypt, Sudan was also part of the cultural sphere of Egypt in ancient times, and there are some places worth sightseeing in Sudan, such as the pyramids and Jebel Bakal Temple. Unfortunately, Sudan is a fairly underdeveloped country economically and has little tourist infrastructure. Therefore, the costs incurred are quite expensive because you have to hire a driver, guide, and car directly through a local travel agency. A 4-day, 3-night standard course that visits three or four places and ruins, including the pyramids of Meroe and Karima , costs about $1,500 per person. Of course, as the number of people increases, the price per day goes down little by little. This is because, regardless of whether one tourist or four people go, one car, one driver, and one guide are needed. In Egypt, if you are doing a specific tour in a 10-seater minivan, the tour agency will gather 3 people from Hotel A, 5 people from Hotel B, and 2 people from Hotel C to make up 10 people, but in the Republic of Sudan, if you do a short tour, people are not gathered from all over and each group is in one car no matter how many people there are.

If you don't want to spend money like this, you can take the bus like the locals and use body language to get around. As long as you are careful of the rip-offs that can be found anywhere in the world, you won't think that security is particularly bad. Also, even if you are ripped off by a taxi or bus in the city, it is only a few hundred won or a few thousand won in Korean currency. For those who have backpacked alone in Central and South America or India, the level of difficulty may be slightly higher, considering that there is little communication with local people even in English, the world's most common language. This is because there is no communication, there is almost no tourist infrastructure, it is not easy to obtain the latest travel information, and it is difficult to meet backpackers to travel with for safety reasons. The local people in the Republic of Sudan do not speak English. Only the staff at luxury hotels, hotels frequented by foreigners, and restaurants speak English, but it is best not to expect people on the street or household owners to speak English. Bus drivers also do not speak English, so you need to be quick-witted and patient.

In addition, you can go scuba diving in Port Sudan, the second largest city in the Republic of Sudan and the largest port city, from March to May.[14] If you take a 7-day or 2-week dive liveaboard, you will visit various places in the Red Sea. People who have been there say that it is better than diving in the Red Sea in Egypt. Since there are far fewer people than in Egypt, the natural scenery under the water seems to be better preserved. Liveaboards can be found at padi.com.

Sudan does not have a systematic computer system in place due to sanctions from the Western world. Since you cannot use foreign credit cards or ATMs, you must exchange your own dollars or euros for cash. It is also a good idea to bring the dollars or euros you wish to exchange in unblemished condition. I try not to accept money that has any signs of age or scratches. There are two exchange rates in the Republic of Sudan. As of January 2021, 1 US dollar is officially worth about 55 Sudanese Pounds, but the street exchange rate is double that of 1 US Dollar, which is 100 Sudanese Pounds. It is officially prohibited for foreigners to exchange money at the street rate. When you walk down the street, people may come up to you and ask if you want to exchange money, but it is better to do so through a hotel to be a little safer.

To travel by plane within Sudan, you must obtain a ticket, but this cannot be obtained outside the Republic of Sudan. If you go to Sudan's domestic airline website from outside Sudan, you will either not be able to see the flight list, or you will be able to see the flights but not be able to buy tickets. Therefore, the only way is to buy it in advance through a travel agency in Sudan, or go to the airline office at the airport after arriving in Sudan and buy it in cash. In this case, you must carry unblemished dollars with you, because they do not accept bills with flaws.

Due to the influence of Islamic culture, alcohol and pork are prohibited. It is best not to ever consider bringing alcohol or pork into the country. At the time when Sharia law was applied, it was equivalent to the death penalty. Although Sharia law is said to no longer be applied after Omar al-Bashir's resignation, there is no country that would necessarily welcome a person who tries to enter the country with something that the people of that country detest.

After the military coup on October 27, 2021, overthrowing the civilian government that had shared power, the country was upgraded to a Level 3 departure advisory, and entry for travel purposes was prohibited. As of 2021, many developed countries have designated Sudan as a travel ban for safety reasons.

Finally, on April 15, 2023, the civil war between government forces and anti-government forces broke out again, and 28 Korean nationals residing in Sudan were safely repatriated to Korea. Then, on April 28, Sudan was designated as a country subject to a travel ban.

Meanwhile, in August 2021, just before the departure advisory was upgraded to a departure advisory in October 2021, from Ethiopia , crossed the border by land (border city Metema), traveled to Sudan, and traveled across the border by boat to Egypt . According to blogger 'World Travel in Flip-flops' , the security situation experienced by travelers on a daily basis is relatively stable, except for some areas, and related experiences can be confirmed through the blog .

Until the 1990s, it was an agricultural country that supplied agricultural and livestock products to other Arab League countries based on the cultivated land in the Nile River area. related articles . It also cooperated with Ethiopia to build a dam on the Nile River to develop agriculture and keep Egypt in check.

When South Sudan became independent, it took over a significant portion of its oil reserves, but due to its large territory, it is still rich in resources. It is rich in resources such as natural gas , gold , silver , manganese , zinc , iron , lead , uranium , copper , cobalt , and nickel , and cotton production is active mainly along the Nile River, leading to a lot of exports.

The country is actively cultivating crops such as wheat , millet , sesame seeds , and sugarcane, and is largely self-sufficient in food, making it a country with great potential for economic development if it finds stability. However, in the case of crop cultivation, it is difficult to grow water as water shortage becomes more and more serious as desertification continues to progress, with much of the country's land area being deserted. Al-Qadarif Province in the southeast, which is said to be rich in food production, is experiencing worsening water shortages and worsening food security.

In particular, there is a fight with Egypt over the water resources of the Nile River.