Croatia

Croatia is southern Europe bordering the Mediterranean Sea ( Adriatic Sea ) It is a republic located in the northwest of the Balkan Peninsula . It is usually considered a Southern European country, but because it was influenced by the Soviet Union , it is also called an Eastern European country. In general, in international politics, it is classified as Eastern Europe. This is because Eastern Europe in political science refers to the countries of the former socialist bloc. Southern Europe in international politics tends to be limited to First World countries such as Spain , Portugal , Italy , Malta , Greece , Cyprus , and Turkic Republic .

The capital is Zagreb .

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Croatia (GRB Republic HRVATSKE) is the Holy Roman Emperor and Austria It is the first to appear in the sentence of Maximilian I, which was an anti -aircraft . The second grandson of Maximilian I was first officially used in the seal of the Setin Congress, which was elected by the Ferdinand I , who was also the king of Croatia . In the Croatian national team uniform, the trunk panties worn when Mirco Crocop played in PRIDE and K-1 , there are many symbols of Croatians . The five patterns at the top of the shield symbolize Sedišnja HRVatska, Dubrovnik , Dalmacija , Itra , and Slavonija .

This checkered pattern originated from the Italian Peninsula. It dates back to the Middle Ages, when there was the Republic of Venice and the Kingdom of Croats . Stjepan Držislav , King of Croatia , and Pietro II Orseolo, Doge of Venice, who attempted to take control of Croatia.[4] When Pietro II captured Stephen I in a chess match between two kings, he told him, "If you win the chess match with me, I will grant you whatever you want," and Stefan Drzyslav asked, "If I win the chess match with you, please release me." They were both chess enthusiasts, but Stefan Drzyslav was superior in skill, so he ultimately won, and it is said that Pietro II had to release Stefan Drzyslav as he wished. It is said that in honor of Stefan Drgislav, who tried to protect Croatia's independence while avoiding Venetian interference, the symbol of Croatia as a whole was made into a red checkered chess pattern. source.

However, like most folk tales and tales from other countries, the reality of this one has not been confirmed, and it is a story that only begins to appear in records much later. Anyway, the infamous Catholic Because the Ustasha, a fascistic group that collaborated with Nazi Germany, also used this pattern, many people are opposed to the Croatia national soccer team 's uniform, saying it is reminiscent of the Ustasha. In particular , it appears a lot in other countries of the former Yugoslavia, such as Serbia and Bosnia, which suffered massacres by Croatia during the Yugoslav Wars and World War II .

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It is a country located on the border between the West and the East in the Balkan Peninsula region, bordering Slovenia to the northwest (and Italy and Austria slightly further across ), Hungary to the northeast, Serbia to the east , Montenegro to the southeast , and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the middle east. It borders the Adriatic Sea to the west , across from Italy .

The shape of the country is unusual in that it resembles an inverted L-shape, as the flat land excluding the inland Dinaric Alps Mountains has that shape.

It is a country with a very long coastline and a deep inland area, and it looks like a V-shaped boomerang . It can be divided into three major regions, and administratively, it is divided into 20 counties and the Zagreb Metropolitan Municipality, which is divided into 21. The dry season is from April to October, and the rainy season is from November to March .

For a long time, mainland Croatia was part of the Kingdom of Hungary - Hapsburg Monarchy , and the Istrian Peninsula and Dalmatia were territories of the Republic of Venice, so German , Italian , and Hungarian names remain.

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Its history goes back quite a long time, but it was in an alliance with several countries such as the Kingdom of Hungary , the Habsburg Monarchy , and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and declared independence only in 1991. In a short period of less than 100 years after World War I, it experienced major events such as the Yugoslav War ( Croatian War of Independence ) and ethnic cleansing.

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Dubrovnik is a popular tourist destination .

The head of state of Croatia is the President of Croatia , and according to the constitution, the President has higher status than the Prime Minister. However, since Croatia is a parliamentary republic, the President is only high in the hierarchy and has no power to make political decisions independently. The current President is Zoran Milanovic of the Social Democratic Party .

The current Prime Minister is Andrej Plenkovic, a member of the Croatian Democratic Union , and has been in office for four years since 2016. As in Germany, general elections are held once every four years and are elected through a proportional representation system . However, it is said that the electoral system is so complicated that even Croatians are confused. Croatia's general elections are held in 12 constituencies.[11] A blockade clause was used, but as in Germany, seats are distributed to parties with more than 5% at the national level, rather than to parties with more than 5% at the national level, so the crowding out of political parties is quite serious. For ethnic minorities, the proportional representation system is implemented for only two or three seats.

The National Assembly of Croatia is called the Croatian Parliament (Hrvatski sabor), or Sabor for short . Sabor consists of 151 members of the National Assembly, and the term of office of the members of the National Assembly is 4 years, as mentioned above.

For a parliament with only 151 seats, it is characterized by a large number of parties in the National Assembly. There are as many as 20 political parties with seats in parliament. For comparison, the German Federal Parliament (House of Representatives), which has 734 seats, has 7 political parties.

Not only that, but the collusion between political parties is so severe that it is said that not only European and American political scientists, but even Croatian politicians are confused. For example, when the People's Alliance (Narodna koalicija), a center-left coalition, was founded in 2015, it was joined by the Social Democratic Party, the Croatian Peasant Party, the Croatian People's Party, and the Istra Democratic Union . signed up The Democratic League of Istria also formed a party coalition called the Amsterdam Alliance with other local parties. Then again, in the 2020 presidential election, as always, the Amsterdam Alliance supported the Social Democratic Party candidate. Among them, the Croatian Peasant Party is a complete spectacle. It joined the center-left coalition in 2011, the center-right coalition in 2015, the center-left coalition in 2016, and then withdrew from the coalition in 2018, but again in the 2020 presidential election. stuck to

The five forces that make up Croatia's political party structure are Christian democracy, socialism, centrist populism, far-right populism, and progressive regional parties. Among them, the Christian Democratic forces are centered around the Croatian Democratic Union , and the socialist forces are centered around the Social Democratic Party . The only political party belonging to the centrist populist forces is the Independence Solidarity List, and the far-right populist forces are unable to find a focal point. During the 2020 presidential election, they united to support the far-right candidate Skoro. Regionalist parties also failed to find a focal point, but united into the Amsterdam Alliance ahead of the 2019 European Parliament elections .

It is one of the tallest countries in Europe. The largest country is Bosnia and Herzegovina , with an average male height of 183.9cm . However, a significant portion of Bosnia's population is Croatian. It is commonly known as the Netherlands , but Croatia and other South Slavs are also quite large. The average height between the ages of 20 and 24 is 181cm for men and 166cm for women. The height is similar, but the overall skeleton of the Germanic one is larger. South Slavic races have thin bones, but Germanic races have thick bones. Although their bones are thin, they tend to gain weight easily, so the average adult male weight is 91kg # and the obesity rate based on BMI 30 is about 25%, which is higher than Sweden , Norway , and the Netherlands with similar average heights , and similar to Germany . Nearby Serbia , Slovenia , and Bosnia and Herzegovina are also very tall, with the average height being around 182cm for men and 168cm for women. The 194cm distribution is in the top 3%. Based on Croatian 18-year-old men and women, the average height is 180.8cm for men and 166.6cm for women, with the top 3% being 194.2cm and 178.5cm. http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=112310 . In Makarska, a small city in Dalmatia, the average male height is 188cm # . However, since the value was obtained through a survey (self-reported) rather than a measured value, and the sample was only 27 people, the accuracy is somewhat low.

There are quite a lot of Croatians among fashion models because they are the tallest .

By the beginning of the mid -20th century, the eugenics were popular than the other Slaves, so they were categorized as the 'Dinaric Race' rather than the slabs because of the overwhelming tall and guilloton heads, and Croatian themselves were the basis for the claim that they were not slabs. However, the hypothesis was abandoned as the Slavs on the Balkan Peninsula have proved that the Slavs are well -established.

Croats make up 90.4% of the population, and the largest minority is Serbs. Nikola Tesla is the most famous Serb-Croatian. Croats and Serbs originate from the South Slavic peoples, but came from the Kingdom of Hungary and then Austria. Croatia, who was on the same boat as the Habsburg family , and Serbia, which became independent after a long period of domination by the Ottoman Empire, changed in every way except language over a long period of time, and eventually became bitter enemies who could never be together due to the Yugoslav Wars . In 1991, before the Yugoslav War, it accounted for 12.2% of the population, but due to the failure of the Krajina-Serb Republic and the genocide of Croatians, 250,000 Croatian Serbs fled to Serbia and Republika Srpska, and in 2013, the number decreased to 4.4%. Other major ethnic minorities in Croatia include the Boşnjak and Italian communities .

Some minorities have a separate constituency in the National Assembly. For example, Croatian Serbians send three lawmakers to the Croatian parliament.

The official language is Croatian . Other minority languages ​​are Rusin , Hungarian , and German .

There are ethnic minorities, but there are Serbians and Bosch Nakin , but Serbian and Bosnia, which they use, have been divided since the Yugoslavian war in one language called Croatian and Serboque Art, and they are only treated as other languages ​​for political reasons because they are similar enough to have no obstacles to communication at all. Linguistically, it is not a separate language. However, for political reasons, such as the Yugoslavian war and the nasty relationship between the two countries, the expression 'Serbocro Art' has been virtually dead, and the movement to emphasize the identity of 'Croatia' is active.

Croatia emphasizes language purity more than Serbia. History and diplomacy is emphasized by Serbia's solidarity with Serbia, but it is linguistically against Serbian, which has already accepted a lot of foreign languages. Political purposes that emphasize the history of foreign powers also work, and the vocabulary of the slabs rather than foreign language is politically supported. In particular, expressions from Turki Yeo are considered negative to the view of the remnants of Japanese in Korea. However, as much as the characters , only Latin letters are used for religion and historical reasons, such as the Catholic and the long -established alliance with the Hungarian kingdom .

There are also Italian users in the Iestrian peninsula , and there are some Russian users, and in 2018, Croatia is also learning Russian. #(Russian text)

In the Dalmatia region , the southwestern part of Croatia, the language called Dalmatian, which was close to Italian and Romanian , was also used, but since the 16th century, the three were reduced and only a few people were spent in the 19th century, and in 1898, the last speaker, Tuone Udaina, died .

Because of economic circumstances , most people can do a simple German conversation because they are close to Namdokil (especially Munich ) and Austria . In the curriculum, German is also learned in a second foreign language with English.

Croatia has a high proportion of Catholics . Serbians in Croatia believe in the Serbian Orthodox Church, and the Boschna Knes believes in Islam .

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The Croatian Armed Forces (Oružane snage Republike Hrvatske, OSRH) is responsible for the defense. The Croatian Armed Forces consists of the Army (Hrvatska kopnena vojska), Navy (Hrvatska ratna mornarica), and Air Defense Corps (Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo i protuzračna obrana, equivalent to the Air Force ).

Until 2008, it was a volunteer military system , but a conscription system is being implemented in 2026 to respond to the threat from Russia . The service period is two months, and only basic military training and infantry training are provided in the second half of the military service. Among the conscription systems, it takes the form of a militia system, which is a mandatory reserve force training system. The total number of active-duty troops is 18,400, making it the 100th largest military force in the world.

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The origin of the tie originated from the carpenter Kravat, which was wrapped up by the Croatian soldiers to protect the neck, and the Emperor of the Habsburg family who participated in the 30 -year war in the 17th century[12] Croatian soldiers were popular all over Europe . Currently, Croata stores are on the main market as a national brand. It is also famous for pepper cookies called Paprenjak.

Religion is mostly Catholic (nearly 90%). Catholics themselves are the national identity of the Croatians distinguished from the Serbian and Bosnians.

It is considered to be a place with many handsome men from the past, and there are many people with typical blue eyes and white skin with tall and slim white handsome images. That's why there are quite a few male fashion models from Croatia. The Czech Republic and Montenegro are similar.

In the FPS game market after the FPS game trend changed with Half-Life , Croteam , which developed the Serious Sam series that pursued the classic FPS massacre aesthetic, is a Croatian company.

It is the home country of pianist Maxim Mravica , famous for works such as Croatian Rhapsody , and Twitch streamer Gabriel . Additionally, Zagreb is the hometown of Steelheart member Miljenko Matijevic . I immigrated to the United States with my parents when I was 5 years old and my nationality is American. 2CELLOS is also from Croatia.

Singer Rod, who is commonly known as New Zealand, also revealed that he is of mixed Croatian descent and has Croatian citizenship.

Croatia is the birthplace of Marco Rezic, Saint Rezmar of the Europa Universalis Gallery .

Rock music is quite developed. During the Croatian War of Independence, Croatian rock bands released a compilation album of patriotic songs called 'Rock za Hrvatsku (Croatian Rock)'. Parni Valjak is a representative Croatian rock band.

Regardless of the sport, the Croatia national team uniform always includes a white and red checkered pattern. Even in individual mixed martial arts competitions, Mirko Cro Cop wore panties with this pattern.

Although it is a small country with a total population slightly larger than that of Busan, it is quite strong in ball games.

Soccer is the most popular sport, and even with a small population of less than 4 million people, it achieved great results in the FIFA World Cup and became famous. in the name of croatia[13] At the 1998 FIFA World Cup, where it played for the first time, in France, it placed 3rd, putting the newly independent country in the minds of people around the world. 20 years later, it finished runner-up in the 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia , where the golden generation gathered, and finished 3rd in the 2022 FIFA World Cup Qatar . In particular, at the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia, he won all three games of the round of 16, quarterfinals, and semifinals after extra time and reached the finals with fighting spirit, receiving support from soccer fans around the world and making his country's name known around the world. Luka Modric , a key midfielder for Real Madrid CF who led the team to the final and received the Golden Ball as team captain, is being treated as a national hero in Croatia. Modric later won the Ballon d'Or . It is no exaggeration to say that it is a sport that has raised Croatia's recognition to the world level.

Croatia's 1.HNL, a professional soccer league , is also active, and Torcida ( HNK Hajduk Split fans), known as the first group of supporters in Europe , is famous. Players who advanced to Korea include Isavik and Toure .[14] , Mato , Damir , and Orsha are representative examples.

Croatians who immigrated to Australia in large numbers to make a living created professional soccer teams in Australia, such as the Melbourne Knights and Sydney United FC. At the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany , a strange situation was created where Australia and Croatia faced each other in the final group match. . This was because there were some players who were born in Australia and chose to play for the national team due to their Croatian nationality, and conversely , there were Croatian players who immigrated to Australia and settled there and were selected for the Australian national team. There are a significant number of players of Croatian descent in the Australian national soccer team , and Mille Jedynak, who served as captain, is also a Croatian immigrant. Mark Viduka , who played as the main gun for Leeds United FC in the past , was famous as a Croatian national soccer player for Australia.

From 2013 to 2022, there was a jinx in which a team with Croatian players won the UEFA Champions League .

Mirko Cro Cop , a famous mixed martial artist , was a national sports star representing this country before Luka Modric. Additionally, former UFC heavyweight champion Stipe Miocic is also Croatian-American.

The tennis is also good. The 2014 US Open winner Marine Chilichi and Wimbledon winner Goran Ivanise Beach in 2001 are representative. In addition, it has many levels of players of Ivan Ryu Beach , Mario Anchi and Borna Chorich . In the 2020 Tokyo Olympics men's doubles, both Croatian doubles teams in the Olympics won the finals and won the gold medals and silver medals.

In addition, basketball , handball , and water polo are popular. Men's handball has a history of winning the Olympics twice, and water polo is a powerhouse that often wins the Olympics and World League. A famous Croatian basketball player is Tony Kukoc, who played as a sixth man during the Chicago Bulls ' heyday and won the Sixth Man Award. He also advanced to the finals at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics .

Volleyball player Angelko Zug, who is also quite good at volleyball and was evaluated as one of the best foreign mercenaries who led the Daejeon Samsung Fire & Marine Insurance Bluefangs to victory in the 2007-08 and 2008-09 seasons, is also from Croatia.

Alpine skier Janica Kostelic won four gold medals and two silver medals at the Winter Olympics , won the World Cup overall title three times (achieved first place in all events in one season, Grand Slam), and placed first 30 times, second 16 times, and third in individual World Cup competitions. I did it 9 times. He was a great player, winning a record three World Championships there. His playing career was short. He made his World Cup debut at the age of 16 in 1998 and retired in 2006. He is one of the Croatian athletes who has achieved global fame, along with his somewhat unlucky older brother Ivica Kostelić, who won the World Cup once overall and won four Olympic silver medals. These two's racing suits had the red check pattern of the national emblem, so it was easy to tell them apart even on the ski broadcast screen, which showed fast movements and small pictures of people to show the course.

Croatian nationalists are often associated with the Nazis due to their collaboration with Nazi Germany during World War II .

The main character of Red Pig is set to live on an uninhabited island in Croatia.

Singer Bob Dylan was sued for comparing Croatia to the Nazis .[15]

The game Wolfenstein: The New Order, released in 2014, deals with an alternate history in which Nazi Germany rules the world, and Croatia is mentioned a few times due to its affinity with Nazi Germany. Zagreb, the capital of Croatia, is the terminus of the European Rail built by the Nazis. In the middle of the game, there is even a mission to invade a Nazi labor camp located in Croatia.