Munich

München (MUNICH) is a city of Over -Bavarian Prefecture , Southeast Germany . It is the largest city of Bavaria, the state capital, and the third largest city in Germany following Berlin and Hamburg .

It was first mentioned in the literature in 1158 and Saxony Heinrich Lion Gong, Duke of Bavaria, who was also a peacock , was built as he built a bridge crossing the Isar River . In 1180, when Heinrich Lion Gong was deported by Emperor Friedrich Barbarosa , Bavaria went to the Vitelsbach family , but Munich went to the nearby bishop . It wasn't until 1240 that Munich was owned by the Batelsbach family, and inheritance of the Batelsbach family became the capital of Overbayern in 1255.

In 1314, when Ludwig IV was elected to the German king , he became the center of the Holy Roman Empire, but after Ludwig III, Bavaria was divided into split inheritance, becoming the capital of the Bayern Munich Principal. As the Citizen's riots have become more frequent since the end of the 14th century, the Munich Duke lived outside the city, where Munchner Residenz was built. Albrecht IV , from the Bayern Munich Principal, unified the entire Bavarian Principal, which was divided in 1503, and during this period, Munich was one of the five largest cities of the Empire , but had fewer population than Nuremberg and Aurksburg .

During the reigns of Wilhelm IV and Albrecht V, Munich became the center of the German Reformation . At the same time, the city developed, and the Hofbräuhaus and St. Michael's Church were built during the reign of Wilhelm V. Maximilian I sided with the Habsburg emperors in the Thirty Years' War and regained the title of elector , which he had been stripped of by the Golden Edict of 1356 , but suffered great damage when it was occupied by the Swedish army at the end of the war. Today's Baroque- style buildings were built during the reign of Ferdinand Maria . In 1704, when Elector Maximilian II Emmanuel entered the War on the side of France in the War of the Spanish Succession , it was occupied by the Austrian army and suffered damage again. The War of the Austrian Succession broke out, and while Charles Albrecht was elected emperor and moved to Frankfurt am Main , it was again occupied by the Austrian army and most of the city was burned down. With the death of Maximilian III Joseph, the Bavarian Wittelsbach family was cut off, and with the arrival of Charles IV Theodore of the Electorate of the Palatinate, the old castle walls were torn down and the city expanded. The English Garden was also built during this period, and by the mid-18th century it had overtaken the population of Nuremberg .

During the Napoleonic Wars, it was promoted from the Electorate of Bavaria to the Kingdom of Bavaria by Maximilian I Joseph, and Munich also became a royal capital. In addition to the Electoral Palatinate territory secured before becoming the Kingdom of Bavaria, the annexation of parts of Franconia and Swabia was confirmed at the Congress of Vienna, and the population of Munich rapidly increased. During the reign of King Ludwig I, it became a center of culture and art, and the University of Munich also relocated from Landshut. It became a center of literature during the reign of Maximilian II , and Louis II invited Richard Wagner to make it a center of music.

During World War I, it did not suffer much damage except for the French air raids, but due to the worsening war situation, supply was delayed, public dissatisfaction accelerated, and as strikes and arrests broke out, the revolutionary atmosphere heightened. The November Revolution abolished the monarchy, but socialist activities were thoroughly suppressed, and the Bavarian Soviet Republic was subdued within a month. Afterwards, conservatism gradually progressed, and from the 1920s, Nazism became deeply rooted, and it became a place for Adolf Hitler 's political activities. In 1938, the Munich Agreement was signed and the Sudetenland became a German territory. During World War II, there was resistance to Hitler led by the White Rose , but they were eventually suppressed and suffered great damage from Allied air raids, with 90% of the old town burned down by the end of the war. After division, many companies came from Berlin and developed in various fields such as media, insurance, and banking, and it became a center of high-tech industry. The 1972 Olympics were held, but there was also a hostage-taking disaster . After German reunification , along with nature-friendly development, several skyscrapers were built, creating today's landscape.

Although it is located in the south, the southern region of Germany bordering the Alps is colder than the northern region bordering the sea, so Munich can also be said to be cold. The average winter temperature itself is higher than the Korean metropolitan area, but Munich can sometimes reach over -10 degrees and the humidity is high, so you can feel the extremely cold. If the cold in Korea is a biting wind, here it feels like the cold is literally hitting you from above. It's similar to the fact that Korean summers feel hotter due to high humidity.

It also has a typical German climate with a lot of sunlight in the summer and a lot of dark clouds in the winter, so it feels colder. However, overall, there are many days in the winter where filming rights are maintained due to the maritime climate of the West Bank , and on the contrary, the summer is cool enough to feel chilly on some days, and there is a lot of sunlight, making the weather perfect for activities.

Unlike Korea and Japan , the average temperature in May and September is similar.

Approximately 1.5 million people live within the city limits. Nevertheless, because there are few high-rise buildings, it feels more like an old-fashioned European village rather than an urban feel, which is why it is nicknamed "Toy Village" in Europe and the United States , and "Millionendorf" by locals.[4] Bavaria , Germany The county of the same name in the county of Upper Bavaria semi-surrounds the city of Munich from the east and south. The area is 667.27km² and the population is approximately 350,000. The county seat is Munich.

Administratively, it is divided into 25 districts. The number of districts is the same as Seoul , which has a population six times larger, but this was also reduced from 41 districts through a merger in 1992. For reference, Berlin , another large city in Germany , has 12 districts (23 before 2001), and Hamburg has 7 districts.

Europeans and Americans think of Germany as Lederhosen .[5] The image of men wearing dirndls and women drinking beer and eating pretzels comes to mind, but this image is actually taken from the state of Bavaria, especially Munich.

In response to the greatly increased demand from foreigners after the war, international schools were created like those in Frankfurt , and among them, Korean children can enroll in St. George's School , Munich International School, and Bavaria International School. Even the Turkic community that has its home here There is an immigrant football club called Turkgüzy Munich .

The origin of the name is derived from the old alpine German Germany from the meaning of ' forum apud munichen. ' Those who have built this city are Benedict It is a monk . As a result, Munich's insignia is engraved with a monk's painting. Munich's inherent color is black and gold that symbolizes the Holy Roman Empire , and has been adopted since Ludwig III .

The German pronunciation is known to be 'Munich', but in the case of reading Hangul, the Germans rarely understand.[6] In German, München ([ˈmʏnçn̩]) is marked with Munhin, Munhin, and Mushen rather than Munich. Listening to the news accent of the northern Germany broadcasts a few years ago , it is clearly pronounced as 'Munhin' because of the influence of jersey . In eastern parts such as Berlin and Saxony, it is pronounced like 'Muncin' ~ 'Tattoo', and in the western regions such as Frankfurt, Hessen, and Cologne, it is almost like 'Mushen' ~ 'Moon Shen'. In fact, if you are pronounced in Korean , the Germans can't understand, because the Munich is crushed by 'Mün (Mun) + CH (Hey) + EN'. The 'hi' part is not [H], but [ç] (ç] ( oral friction ).

At least, writing it in the direction of ‘Mun-Hyeon’ can be considered close to the original language because in principle it is pronounced as [çen] in Korean. However, the Korean ㅎ pronunciation tends to be weakened to the voiced sound [ɦ] between voiced sounds or even disappear, so it is possible to write 'Mün-t'em' and read it as [(Mün-yen →) MU-nyeon], that is, a completely different pronunciation as [mwiɲen]. there is. As an anecdote about this, translator and travel writer Jeong Sook-young said that while looking for tickets for a train to Munich, she was embarrassed because locals couldn't understand her. Luckily, someone who knew English solved the problem by asking, "Are you saying Munich in English?" There is a story. For this reason, in the 1980s and 1990s, when German was the mainstream second language in high school , German classes sometimes emphasized, as if brainwashing, to pronounce words similar to Munschen rather than Munich and Isi rather than Ihi.

In fact, in German, the pronunciation of CH itself is a case by case.[7] As mentioned above, some people in the region pronounce the chri in München as [ç] rather than [ ç ]. However, in most Germany, this is more common because it is pronounced as [ɕ] ( Chikyung -gu ) rather than [ʃ].[8]/.] There are few places that are pronounced with regular stones and can only be seen on the air. It is because Koreans recognize this universal pronunciation as 'poetry' because it is the same pronunciation in Korean 'poem'. In the case of Bavaria, depending on the region or the person, it may sound like 'Shen' or '혠'.[9] It may be convenient for Koreans to pronounce this, not to follow the standard German [ç] pronunciation. It is also important to note that there are times when people have different pronunciations, so they are pronounced as 'Munsen (/ˈmɵnɕɘn̩/)'. For reference, the traditional name of Munich in Bavaria is Minga [ˈMɪŋ ɐ]. Why are you calling your name ? The pronunciation is different, so each is a pronunciation that is close to 'Munnɪk' and 'Monnk'. Latin is called Monacum or Monachium. In Italian , Munich is called Monaco.[10] Precisely, the name 'Monaco di Baviera' is reduced.[11] Sometimes there is a case of 'what's hen', but it is not ㅁ ㅜ ㅓㄴ .[12]

Thanks to its stable economy and social system and low crime rate, it always ranks high in the rankings of cities with a high quality of life and livability. In the 2011 Mercer Quality of Life Survey, Munich was ranked 4th. In the economic and social innovation index conducted by 2thinknow based on 162 items, it ranked 15th out of 289 cities surveyed in 2010, and ranked 5th in Germany . In 2010, Monocle named Munich the world's most livable city.

It is a city related to FC Bayern Munich , the home team of the Bundesliga , and the main stadium is the Allianz Arena built by Munich-based insurance company Allianz . It is the place where Oktoberfest, one of the world's largest festivals, is held. At Oktoberfest , a glass of beer costs 13 euros (KRW 18,000-19,000) . However, considering it's a 1-liter glass and Oktoberfest beer has twice the alcohol, it's not that murderous. At tourist sites or festivals in Korea, 0.5 liter beer costs 7,000-10,000 won, so this is rather more expensive.[13][14] The beer (Oktoberfestbier) at this Oktoberfest has an alcohol content of 8 to 9%, which is about twice as high as normal beer, so it is easy to get into trouble if you drink it as you normally would. Thanks to that, you can see a rare scene where German people, who are strong in alcohol, lose their taste.

In addition, Munich is as great a music city as Vienna or Berlin . The Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra , which has developed through collaboration with the best conductors, is evaluated as an orchestra with the highest level of skill not only in Germany but also in the world, and the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra, which is still at the top although not as good as during the Leeds era when Serge Celibidache was conducting, is also based in Munich. I am using it. The Bavarian Staatsoper, which Carlos Kleiber loved most in its heyday, and its affiliated orchestra, the Bavarian Staatsoper Orchestra, also stage many operas and attract music fans from all over the world.

As a great music city, the University of Music Munich does not charge tuition, and despite the poor system, it has been selected as the top music university in Europe for many years, and it is also excellent for artist education. There are permanent members of the best orchestras mentioned above or renowned artists in the teaching profession.

If you hit Korea, there is a similar side to Daegu Metropolitan City . It is also similar to Chuncheon City in that it is close to Austria .

Overall, it shows a fairly heterogeneous political landscape within the state of Bavaria, where the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (Knights Union) is strong. Although support for the Social Democratic Party is also high, the Green Party has been on the rise since the mid-2010s and has even achieved the status of the first party in the city council. In March 2026, the first Green Party mayor, Dominic Krause, was elected.

Nevertheless, in the case of the federal House of Representatives, the CSU prevails (CSU3 seats/1 seats are vacant)

It is also the place where the Munich riots caused by extreme right-wing nationalists such as Nazis took place during the Weimar Republic in the 20th century , but surprisingly, it is also the birthplace of Süddeutsche Zeitung, Germany's leading progressive press .

It is considered to be a great city that lives very well in terms of economy. If you live in Munich, prices are expensive enough for all Germans to answer "Munich is too expensive." If you look at the price, you are second to London . As of 2014, the company recorded the lowest unemployment rate (3.0%) among large cities, and is considered to be the largest city with the highest GDP per capita in Germany and the highest housing rent. In 2007, Mercen's land prices ranked 39th and Germany.

Originally, Munich and Bavaria were late industrialized and relatively poor in Germany, but after the defeat in World War II , the two regions that benefited the most from the division of East and West Germany were Bayern and Munich. When East Germany became communist, many companies with ties there moved to West Germany. At the time, they moved to Bayern and Munich, which were close by and had cheaper land prices. Many of the companies that currently represent Munich and Bavaria are originally from East Germany.[15] However, after German reunification in 1990, the people of this region were the most opposed to using their taxes to support East Germany, and were criticized.

Headquarters of leading German manufacturing companies such as BMW (automotive), Siemens (electronics), MAN (commercial vehicles), Osram (electricity), Rohde & Schwartz (electricity), and Linde (gas) are located, and Allianz (insurance) It is also the second largest financial city in Germany after Frankfurt , as well as the center of the insurance industry, as the headquarters of insurance companies, such as , and Munic Re (insurance), are also located in Munich.

As the city of Oktoberfest, there are numerous beer companies. However, only six companies are officially recognized by the city of Munich as traditional Munich beer breweries: Ausgustiner, Hofbräu, Hacker-Pschorr, Löwenbräu, Paulaner, and Spaten.[16] A representative example is Löwenbrau, a company located in this area, as well as the famous Hofbräuhaus brewery. Paulaner, the sponsor of FC Bayern Munich and also exports a lot, is famous. In the Munich area, Augustiner Bräu Lagerbier Hell, the oldest building in existence, is commonly seen.[17] Additionally, Weissbier in Spaten-Franziskaner.[18] etc. are famous.

Maybe it's because it's a high-income city in Germany, where a lot of rich people live and prices are very expensive. For those who have traveled to or come from northwestern Germany, Munich people are generally well-dressed. In the Cologne area, you'll find people who are simply dressed (and overweight), but in Munich, on the contrary, many people are well-dressed and slim. There are many shops for luxury goods (?) such as accessories and trinkets throughout the city, and as mentioned above, there are Aigner and MCM headquarters, so the impression is different from that of ordinary Germans.

However, food and daily necessities that can be purchased at supermarkets are not very expensive if you step outside the tourist line. However, the cost of living is the most expensive city in Germany, so it is evaluated that it is expensive to live in. However, there are places to eat cheaply near the university district.

It is not well known in Korea, but surprisingly it is one of the top 5 fashion centers in Europe. MCM was a luxury brand unique to the region, but it was acquired by Korea's Sungjoo Group.

Its GDP was $210.3 billion, ranking 45th in total, and it has Germany's third-largest economy after North Rhine-Westphalia and the Frankfurt metropolitan area.

After Bavaria 's rich, some Bavaria says why their taxes should be used in relatively poor states (former East German ). It also comes out of the local politician, a local politician. In fact, Bavaria was one of the poorest areas in Germany until World War II , but after defeat, companies that were based in East Germany, such as Berlin and Leipzig, had migrated to the cheapest labor and real estate in West Germany, and became the foundation of Hyundai Bavaria's economic revival. Irernally.

Route map . For reference, based on the route map, lines with multiple colors instead of just one color (the eastern extension of S6, all sections of U7, and all sections of U8) only operate on weekends (Saturdays/Sundays). Let's pretend it doesn't happen on weekdays. In fact, if you look closely, the three sections above either overlap with other lines or are short sections. In fact, U7 and U8 operate like shuttle trains. The rate is MVV[20] Because it is managed comprehensively, you can use all public transportation with one ticket (including S-Bahn). Please refer to MVG for further details, including rates .

Munich Airport : Opened in 1992 . You can go to Korea , and Lufthansa operates direct flights between Munich and Incheon .

It hosted the 1972 Munich Olympics , but it is remembered as the worst Olympics due to the Munich Olympics disaster.

It competed with Pyeongchang- gun and Annecy to host the 2018 Winter Olympics , but failed to win the bid by a double score, with 63 votes for Pyeongchang and 25 for Munich in the host vote held in Durban, South Africa in July 2011 . However, although there was a large margin of votes, it received the most votes after Pyeongchang-gun.[21] Until the next 2020 Summer Olympics, Japan is on the Asian side. Thanks to Tokyo 's hosting, it is expected that if it tries again at the 2022 Winter Olympics, it will receive even more buffs in terms of continental distribution, making it the most likely candidate city. Due to the nature of the Winter Olympics, it is very common for Western countries that can enjoy cold seasons to host the event, so even if there is no buff at the continental distribution level, the fact that Munich is a strong candidate does not change. However, in the vote for and against hosting the 2013 Winter Olympics, there were many votes against, so the bid has now been abandoned. Even during the 2018 bid, opposition from local civic groups was extreme. They even came to the host polls held in Durban to protest against Munich's bid... They argue that the Winter Olympics are a loss-making event with serious environmental damage and little economic effect. At that time, the enthusiasm among Munich citizens for the bid was not very high.[22]

Local sports teams include football team FC Bayern München , TSV 1860 Munich and Turkish club Munich .

For the first time in German sports history, it became the site of an NFL regular season game. The game between the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and the Seattle Seahawks , which was the 10th week of the 2022-23 season in 2022, was held at the Allianz Arena in Munich on November 13 , and there is a rumor that there was an enthusiastic response, with tickets sold out instantly on the day of reservation. What is unusual is that the first game was held in Germany, beating Frankfurt and Düsseldorf , which are popular in American football, and Frankfurt was also selected along with Munich as the area where the German game will take place.

There are no landmarks that stand out , but as it is one of the top three major cities in Germany, there is quite a bit to see. Oktoberfest , mentioned above, is acknowledged by many as the best event in Munich. See document. In addition, BMW The museum and belt are worth a visit, and the Olympic Park right next door is also one of the popular attractions for citizens. Marienplatz is a place often visited by Koreans who come to Munich for sightseeing, whether they know it or not, and it's not a bad place if you like shopping.

Like Germany, where every city has one or two good museums, Munich has a lot of museums and art galleries. If Berlin has a museum island , Munich has Kunstareal (meaning Art Area in English), where you can see the enormous collections of Bavarian aristocrats of all time.

In addition, the National German Museum (aka Deutsche Museum) near the Isar River is a place where you can realize the dignity of Germany, a science and technology powerhouse, covering almost everything related to engineering , and its collection is quite extensive. Roughly, you have to walk around all day to see it all. However, it is a flaw that the English explanation is weaker than expected.

Munich has more modern cultural heritages from the end of the 19th century, right before World War I, than you might think . If you want to appreciate the collections of the Wittelsbach family and Bavarian nobles who ruled Bavaria for about 600 years, we recommend visiting the Residenz Palace located between Odeon Square and Marien Square. For a price of only 7 euros, you can enjoy a much larger collection than that of the Palace of Versailles . Because the number of visitors is overwhelmingly less than Versailles[23] It is possible to observe quietly without obscuring the atmosphere. West of Munich is the Nühlenburg Palace. The palace collection itself, which requires an admission fee of 8 euros, is rather boring except for the Beauty Gallery, which was collected by King Ludwig I of Bavaria . It is not as ignorantly wide as Versailles, so a visit is recommended.

Also, if you are a soccer fan, Allianz Arena is a place you cannot miss. Not only is the stadium tour more detailed than expected, but the guide's commentary is designed with travelers from all over the world in mind, so even if you're not good at English, you can still understand it. The museum also has a considerable collection, as befits a prestigious club. However, the ticket price is a bit expensive and it is located in a remote area. Other English gardens[24] There are many tourist attractions such as , art museums, etc. North of the Allianz Arena, in the middle of S-Bahn Line 1 to Munich Airport , is Schleissheim Palace, which was used as a villa by the Wittelsbach family .

If you go to Erding and Freising, you can take a brewery tour. Erding is home to Europe's largest water park, Thermal Erding.

Neuschwanstein Castle in the Füssen region , which is not an exaggeration to say it is a German landmark , is popular as a one-day excursion from Munich . It's worth spending half a day to visit, but it should be taken into account that it's far from a suburb since it takes at least 4 hours round trip by train. There is also the Dachau concentration camp, which was the second largest prisoner of war camp during World War II . It is a place where it is very well revealed that he is thoroughly reflecting on the massacre of Jews. The atmosphere is similar to Seodaemun Prison .

There are also scenic lakes not far away, such as Lake Starnberg, Lake Ammer, Lake Kim and Lake Walzen. It is also a place where Munich people spend a lot of leisure time.

Zugspitze, the highest mountain in Germany, can also be visited on a day trip. From Munich, take a train for about 1 hour and 30 minutes using the Bayern ticket to Garmisch-Partenkirchen, then take the mountain train again for about 1 hour to go up to the glacier plateau right below the Zugspitze. From there, take the cable car again to reach the top. Even in summer, the snow is piled up enough to ride a sleigh.

It is the home of Nazism . Nuremberg and Munich were particularly sources of Hitler and Nazi forces.[25] It is also the place where the Nazi Riot took place. In 1938, it was also a notorious Munich agreement . In particular, Munich is also located near the Holocaust origin, and there is an old Nazi Party. Currently, most of them are preserved in the form of the time and are used as a museum that reflects the old history. Munich is also the hometown of Nazi -related people, including Heinrich Himer , Hitler's wife, Eva Brown , and Trudle Jung, who was the wife of the Nazi German war during World War II .

1958 The 1972 Munich Olympic disaster, when the Manchester United players were sacrificed and the 1972 Munich Olympic disaster , when the Israeli players were killed by the terrorist attacks of the Black September . It's a scary neighborhood for sports fans.

On July 22, 2016, an Iranian-German far-right terrorist opened fire at a large downtown shopping center, killing at least nine people in the Munich, Germany 2016 massacre .