Austria
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- Austria
- European Union
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- landlocked country
- 유럽 평의회 회원국
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Austrian Republic Republik Österreich Republic of Austria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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1. outline
The Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), commonly known as Austria (Österreich), is a country in Central Europe. Commonwealth located in the Alps It's a republic .
2. background
It is a landlocked country bordering eight countries, clockwise from the northwest, close to Germany , Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary , Slovenia , Italy , Switzerland , and Liechtenstein . The land area is 83,879㎢, which is slightly smaller than South Korea. It is a country of forests, covering more than 60% of the Alps.[11] Thanks to this, dairy farming and winter sports are flourishing. The capital is Vienna . The population is approximately 9,104,772 as of 2023.[12]
It is the country of music that was the main stage of activity for most of the classical musicians we know, including Joseph Haydn , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Ludwig van Beethoven , Franz Liszt , and Franz Schubert , as well as Ludwig Wittgenstein, who set a milestone in modern linguistic philosophy, the Vienna Circle , which was a battleground for modern physics, and physicist Erwin, famous for Schrödinger's cat , which is also featured in essays. Schrödinger , Ernst Mach who studied the speed of sound[13] , Gustav Klimt , a major art nouveau painter, Otto Wagner, a pioneer of modern architecture , Ernst Gombrich , whom you must meet if you are interested in art history , Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler , the masters of psychoanalysis, a branch of psychiatry and psychology , Herbert von Karajan , one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century , Friedrich Hayek of economics , and Arnold, known as a legend in the bodybuilding world. It is Schwarzenegger 's hometown. Also, it is the homeland of Adolf Hitler , the Nazi Fuhrer who is commonly thought of as a German .[14][15] Spouse of the first president of the Republic of Korea Francesca Donner Lee is also Austrian.[16] As of 2019, there were 22 Nobel Prize winners, ranking 10th in the world.[17] The University of Vienna , the oldest university in the German-speaking world , has produced more than 20 Nobel Prize winners.[18]
It is similar to Germany in terms of ethnicity and language , and during the Middle Ages and early modern times , it was nominally tied into one great empire called the Holy Roman Empire .[19] In fact, as unification emerged as a discourse in the early and mid-19th century , there was competition with Prussia , and although it was defeated by Prussia and separated from Germany, it was recognized that it was not a complete unification, so it actually merged under Nazi Germany during World War II . After the defeat in the war, they were divided again and remain separate to this day. It is a country with a very complex history as it shares a history with Germany until 1866 and spans the history of most European countries, including Slovenia , Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary , Croatia , Serbia , Romania , Ukraine , Poland , and Italy . For example, the Austro-Hungarian Empire . During World War I, war posters were created in as many as 15 languages.
In Western history , from the late 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, when the modern era was transitioning from modern times to modern times, Vienna Moderne blossomed and many geniuses emerged, making it the most vibrant place in the history of civilization. However, due to its defeat in World War I, it fell from an empire to a small country .[20] It's starting to get increasingly gloomy,[21] From 1934, it was swayed by Hitler-sympathizing forces, and in 1938, it was annexed and became a member of Nazi Germany . In the end, it was defeated in World War II and was divided and occupied by the four victorious countries. After liberation, it was at the forefront of the Cold War along with Berlin , but as the European Union expanded into the Eastern Bloc, it enjoyed special economic status as the gateway to Central Europe meeting Eastern Europe.
Considering its former glory as an empire that made other European countries tremble and was the object of their envy, modern-day Austria may appear somewhat shabby due to its relative location outside the center of the world, but despite this, it still has a solid industry centered on steel and machinery industry today. There is no doubt that it is a top developed country in which people can live, with a high national income and a sufficient welfare budget . Currently, other than joining the EU, it claims to be a permanently neutral country.[22] UNO City in the capital city of Vienna[23] The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), a UN cooperation organization, have their headquarters here, playing a major role as a stage for international conferences and dispute mediation.[24]
It is the country of music that was the main stage of activity for most of the classical musicians we know, including Joseph Haydn , Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , Ludwig van Beethoven , Franz Liszt , and Franz Schubert , as well as Ludwig Wittgenstein, who set a milestone in modern linguistic philosophy, the Vienna Circle , which was a battleground for modern physics, and physicist Erwin, famous for Schrödinger's cat , which is also featured in essays. Schrödinger , Ernst Mach who studied the speed of sound[13] , Gustav Klimt , a major art nouveau painter, Otto Wagner, a pioneer of modern architecture , Ernst Gombrich , whom you must meet if you are interested in art history , Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler , the masters of psychoanalysis, a branch of psychiatry and psychology , Herbert von Karajan , one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century , Friedrich Hayek of economics , and Arnold, known as a legend in the bodybuilding world. It is Schwarzenegger 's hometown. Also, it is the homeland of Adolf Hitler , the Nazi Fuhrer who is commonly thought of as a German .[14][15] Spouse of the first president of the Republic of Korea Francesca Donner Lee is also Austrian.[16] As of 2019, there were 22 Nobel Prize winners, ranking 10th in the world.[17] The University of Vienna , the oldest university in the German-speaking world , has produced more than 20 Nobel Prize winners.[18]
It is similar to Germany in terms of ethnicity and language , and during the Middle Ages and early modern times , it was nominally tied into one great empire called the Holy Roman Empire .[19] In fact, as unification emerged as a discourse in the early and mid-19th century , there was competition with Prussia , and although it was defeated by Prussia and separated from Germany, it was recognized that it was not a complete unification, so it actually merged under Nazi Germany during World War II . After the defeat in the war, they were divided again and remain separate to this day. It is a country with a very complex history as it shares a history with Germany until 1866 and spans the history of most European countries, including Slovenia , Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary , Croatia , Serbia , Romania , Ukraine , Poland , and Italy . For example, the Austro-Hungarian Empire . During World War I, war posters were created in as many as 15 languages.
In Western history , from the late 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, when the modern era was transitioning from modern times to modern times, Vienna Moderne blossomed and many geniuses emerged, making it the most vibrant place in the history of civilization. However, due to its defeat in World War I, it fell from an empire to a small country .[20] It's starting to get increasingly gloomy,[21] From 1934, it was swayed by Hitler-sympathizing forces, and in 1938, it was annexed and became a member of Nazi Germany . In the end, it was defeated in World War II and was divided and occupied by the four victorious countries. After liberation, it was at the forefront of the Cold War along with Berlin , but as the European Union expanded into the Eastern Bloc, it enjoyed special economic status as the gateway to Central Europe meeting Eastern Europe.
Considering its former glory as an empire that made other European countries tremble and was the object of their envy, modern-day Austria may appear somewhat shabby due to its relative location outside the center of the world, but despite this, it still has a solid industry centered on steel and machinery industry today. There is no doubt that it is a top developed country in which people can live, with a high national income and a sufficient welfare budget . Currently, other than joining the EU, it claims to be a permanently neutral country.[22] UNO City in the capital city of Vienna[23] The International Atomic Energy Agency ( IAEA ), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), a UN cooperation organization, have their headquarters here, playing a major role as a stage for international conferences and dispute mediation.[24]
3. symbol
3.1. country name
In Austria, their country is called Österreich, which means 'eastern country' in German .[pronunciation][26] It is called. Austria, used in Korea , was written as Austria when the previous name, Ostarrîchi, was translated into Latin , the official language of the time , and this was translated into English.
In Chinese characters, it is pronounced as ‘Ojiri (墺地利)’ , but this expression is not commonly used these days.[27] North Korea officially used the term 'Ojiri' in both documents, newspapers and broadcasts until 1999.[28] was called.[29] However, the first letter, ‘墺’, is still often used as an abbreviation in news article titles and international politics.
The name Eastern Country comes from the fact that in 976, during the Holy Roman Empire, an administrative district was established as the easternmost count of the empire (Kaiserreich). The original Latin name means 'Eastern count of the country'. In other words, it originally meant 'east of the country', not 'eastern country'.
Australia, which has a similar name, is an English-speaking country in Oceania, and Austria is a German-speaking country in central Europe. As with the pronunciation, the romanization of these two countries is similar, so they are often confused even in English-speaking countries. Both country names are of Latin origin, and in fact they should have originally had prefixes meaning east and south, respectively, to avoid confusion. However, a problem arises when Austria is written as Austria rather than as oriens, which means east in Latin. It comes from the ancient German word ost, meaning east, and the Latin word auster, meaning south.[30] This is because they share the same Indo-European etymology, so the two have been used interchangeably for a long time in Germanic. This can also be confirmed in the fact that when the Frankish Kingdom was divided and inherited, the eastern land was called Austrasia. So, when translating Österreich, I translated it into Austria with 'east' in mind, but in the end, the name became similar to Australia, which means 'southern land'. This is because the name ‘Australia’ refers to the ‘ unknown southern continent ’ and is derived from the Latin word for south. Many people, not only in Korea but also abroad, confuse the two countries, so much so that the saying ' No kangaroos in Austria' is even used, and souvenirs such as T-shirts and mugs with this phrase engraved on them are sometimes produced. In addition, there are also internet memes such as the Australian-Hungarian Empire .[31]
This also happened because the pronunciation and spelling were similar. Francesca Donner , the Austrian wife of Syngman Rhee , was called Australia's wife , and upon seeing Allied fighter planes, including Australian troops, during the Korean War, people joked, "I guess they sent fighter jets to save my son-in-law's country." In fact, Austria, the real artisan country, was occupied by four countries, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, due to the aftereffects of World War II, so it did not send troops or anything because its size was limited to three.[32] Also, during the G20 , the city of Seoul made the mistake of dressing a caricature doll of the Australian Prime Minister in traditional Austrian clothing , which drew protests from Australian authorities. This was soon corrected to show the person wearing the suit he wore upon entering the country. The same thing is confusing for broadcasting companies.
Coincidentally, the embassies of both countries are located in the same building. It is located in the Kyobo Building in Jongno-gu, with the Australian Embassy in Korea on the 19th floor and the Austrian Embassy in Korea on the 21st floor. It can be confusing since the floors are only two floors apart.
There is one more absurd coincidence in the military world: the country in which Austria's representative bullpup rifle, the Steyr AUG , was popular was Australia ( in Australia , it was adopted under the official name F88) .
In Arabic , it is called اِّ َا (An-namsā, An-NAMSā, An-Namsa), which is called ن ( Nemçe, Nemche) in the Ottoman Empire in the Slavic language, which is used as a vocabulary that refers to German or Austrians. It was settled under the name of Austria.
In Chinese characters, it is pronounced as ‘Ojiri (墺地利)’ , but this expression is not commonly used these days.[27] North Korea officially used the term 'Ojiri' in both documents, newspapers and broadcasts until 1999.[28] was called.[29] However, the first letter, ‘墺’, is still often used as an abbreviation in news article titles and international politics.
The name Eastern Country comes from the fact that in 976, during the Holy Roman Empire, an administrative district was established as the easternmost count of the empire (Kaiserreich). The original Latin name means 'Eastern count of the country'. In other words, it originally meant 'east of the country', not 'eastern country'.
Australia, which has a similar name, is an English-speaking country in Oceania, and Austria is a German-speaking country in central Europe. As with the pronunciation, the romanization of these two countries is similar, so they are often confused even in English-speaking countries. Both country names are of Latin origin, and in fact they should have originally had prefixes meaning east and south, respectively, to avoid confusion. However, a problem arises when Austria is written as Austria rather than as oriens, which means east in Latin. It comes from the ancient German word ost, meaning east, and the Latin word auster, meaning south.[30] This is because they share the same Indo-European etymology, so the two have been used interchangeably for a long time in Germanic. This can also be confirmed in the fact that when the Frankish Kingdom was divided and inherited, the eastern land was called Austrasia. So, when translating Österreich, I translated it into Austria with 'east' in mind, but in the end, the name became similar to Australia, which means 'southern land'. This is because the name ‘Australia’ refers to the ‘ unknown southern continent ’ and is derived from the Latin word for south. Many people, not only in Korea but also abroad, confuse the two countries, so much so that the saying ' No kangaroos in Austria' is even used, and souvenirs such as T-shirts and mugs with this phrase engraved on them are sometimes produced. In addition, there are also internet memes such as the Australian-Hungarian Empire .[31]
This also happened because the pronunciation and spelling were similar. Francesca Donner , the Austrian wife of Syngman Rhee , was called Australia's wife , and upon seeing Allied fighter planes, including Australian troops, during the Korean War, people joked, "I guess they sent fighter jets to save my son-in-law's country." In fact, Austria, the real artisan country, was occupied by four countries, the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, due to the aftereffects of World War II, so it did not send troops or anything because its size was limited to three.[32] Also, during the G20 , the city of Seoul made the mistake of dressing a caricature doll of the Australian Prime Minister in traditional Austrian clothing , which drew protests from Australian authorities. This was soon corrected to show the person wearing the suit he wore upon entering the country. The same thing is confusing for broadcasting companies.
Coincidentally, the embassies of both countries are located in the same building. It is located in the Kyobo Building in Jongno-gu, with the Australian Embassy in Korea on the 19th floor and the Austrian Embassy in Korea on the 21st floor. It can be confusing since the floors are only two floors apart.
There is one more absurd coincidence in the military world: the country in which Austria's representative bullpup rifle, the Steyr AUG , was popular was Australia ( in Australia , it was adopted under the official name F88) .
In Arabic , it is called اِّ َا (An-namsā, An-NAMSā, An-Namsa), which is called ن ( Nemçe, Nemche) in the Ottoman Empire in the Slavic language, which is used as a vocabulary that refers to German or Austrians. It was settled under the name of Austria.
3.2. flag
more detailsAustria/Flag documentcastPlease note.3.3. director
more detailsAustria / Coat of arms documentcastPlease note.3.4. nation
The country was designated in 1946 as the Land of the Mountains and the Land of the Rivers (Land der Berge, Land am Strome).[33]
4. language
more detailsaustrian german documentcastPlease note.The official language is German . Standard Austrian German, used in Austria, is basically similar to Standard German and written language, although there are some notable differences in grammar, vocabulary, and expression. In colloquial speech, however, there are notable differences in intonation, in addition to the aforementioned grammatical and lexical differences. Still, German regional standard German and Austria regional standard German can be said to be the same language with only a difference that exists to the extent that they are regarded as dialects.
However, Austrian standard German is the official language used in the public sphere, and just as Alemán, an indigenous language , is widely used in private areas in German-speaking Switzerland, the language used in private is the Austrian local language, which is different from German. In most parts of Austria, along with the southeastern German state of Bavaria , Austro-Bavarian is the mother tongue.[34] Even within the Austro-Bavarian language, today's Austrian language and Bavarian language can be communicated smoothly, but there are quite a few differences. In the case of Austrian Standard German, it is a dialect that stands out from the perspective of speakers whose native language is German Standard German, but from the perspective of German speakers, the Austrian dialect is a foreign language similar to Dutch or Swiss Alemmann. Also, in the case of Austrian, communication is possible in each region, but it is characterized by slight differences. In severe cases, even within the same region, there are cases where the language changes depending on a mountain or river. This phenomenon occurs because the Austrian dialect is only used as the native language of local residents and is not used as an official language, so there is no standardized Austrian language. However, since almost 100% of Austrians speak standard Austrian German at the native level, it is rare for foreigners who speak German to experience difficulties due to language differences in Austria.[35] . When Austrian locals speak in the local dialect, it can often be difficult to understand their conversation even if your standard German level is high.
Additionally , Slovenian and Croatian[36] , Hungarian is designated as the official language of the region, and English is widely used as the main foreign language. Italian is spoken among the Italian-Austrians living in Südtirol, most of whom have ancestors from the former Austrian region of Italy. Polish-Austrians also speak Polish , and their ancestors often immigrated to mainland Austria from the Grand Duchy of Krakow or the Kingdom of Galicia-Lodomeria during the Austrian Empire or the Austro-Hungarian Empire . According to the EF English Proficiency Index, Finland is the most proficient (very high) in English among non-English-speaking countries, along with Finland , which is known for its high level of education.[37] The proportion of people learning French is also 10%. Austria is also a member of the Francophony . As the number of immigrants increases in Austria, there is an influx of speakers of various languages, including Turkic , Arabic , Chinese ( Mandarin ), and Persian .
However, Austrian standard German is the official language used in the public sphere, and just as Alemán, an indigenous language , is widely used in private areas in German-speaking Switzerland, the language used in private is the Austrian local language, which is different from German. In most parts of Austria, along with the southeastern German state of Bavaria , Austro-Bavarian is the mother tongue.[34] Even within the Austro-Bavarian language, today's Austrian language and Bavarian language can be communicated smoothly, but there are quite a few differences. In the case of Austrian Standard German, it is a dialect that stands out from the perspective of speakers whose native language is German Standard German, but from the perspective of German speakers, the Austrian dialect is a foreign language similar to Dutch or Swiss Alemmann. Also, in the case of Austrian, communication is possible in each region, but it is characterized by slight differences. In severe cases, even within the same region, there are cases where the language changes depending on a mountain or river. This phenomenon occurs because the Austrian dialect is only used as the native language of local residents and is not used as an official language, so there is no standardized Austrian language. However, since almost 100% of Austrians speak standard Austrian German at the native level, it is rare for foreigners who speak German to experience difficulties due to language differences in Austria.[35] . When Austrian locals speak in the local dialect, it can often be difficult to understand their conversation even if your standard German level is high.
Additionally , Slovenian and Croatian[36] , Hungarian is designated as the official language of the region, and English is widely used as the main foreign language. Italian is spoken among the Italian-Austrians living in Südtirol, most of whom have ancestors from the former Austrian region of Italy. Polish-Austrians also speak Polish , and their ancestors often immigrated to mainland Austria from the Grand Duchy of Krakow or the Kingdom of Galicia-Lodomeria during the Austrian Empire or the Austro-Hungarian Empire . According to the EF English Proficiency Index, Finland is the most proficient (very high) in English among non-English-speaking countries, along with Finland , which is known for its high level of education.[37] The proportion of people learning French is also 10%. Austria is also a member of the Francophony . As the number of immigrants increases in Austria, there is an influx of speakers of various languages, including Turkic , Arabic , Chinese ( Mandarin ), and Persian .
5. history
more detailsAustria/History documentcastPlease note.[ Expand/Collapse ]
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Austria is a country with a history of great ups and downs. During the heyday of the Habsburg Empire, it was recognized as a European power and prospered, but it suffered greatly during the two world wars.[38] Currently, it is a permanent neutral country and is walking the path of becoming a small and powerful country.
6. population
more detailsAustria/population documentcastPlease note.7. administrative division
more detailsAustria/Administration documentcastPlease note.
8. politics
more detailsAustria/Politics documentcastPlease note.9. economy
more detailsAustria/Economy documentcastPlease note.10. society
In general, the facial expressions and impressions of people on the streets, in cafes, and on public transportation are warmer and more expressive than in northern Germany, mainly Prussia . The culture is also open and liberal, inheriting the legacy of the past Austro-Hungarian Empire. However, on the contrary, when it comes to issues such as immigration , nationality, and internal social unity , the social changes of the '68 Movement were neglected, and as it spent a long time as a permanently neutral country in the Alps after the dissolution of the empire , exchanges with the outside world were much more cut off than in the past, so there is an argument that it has a closed mind like the next door neighbor .[39] In the past, during the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, there was a lot of influence from Eastern European culture, and Eastern European cuisine is still widespread in Austria.
As for religion, many people believe in Catholicism . However, there is also data showing that about 50% of people are atheists. It is said that with the increase in immigrants, the number of people who believe in Islam and other religions is also increasing. Some say that given the many ways in which Austria still values Catholic traditions, it gives the impression that Austria is more conservative than other Western European countries and even Germany, which shares the same language and similar history and cultural traditions.[40] Major cities such as Vienna are famous for their beautiful appearance, but some argue that this is in fact due to strong public power. Even attaching flyers and advertisements to the walls of buildings or hanging laundry out of windows is controlled by local governments with fines. However, this does not mean that there are very few people who openly discriminate against Asian tourists or international students or show hostile behavior, and for the time being, they are treated kindly.
In the field of art, it is also a place where many artists who go against the social atmosphere come out. Starting with Elfriede Jelinek, a novelist who received the Nobel Prize in Literature but has many pros and cons due to her outspoken and explicit behavior, Michael Haneke , Jessica Hauzner and Michael Schlesinger, who started filmmaking under Haneke, Ulrich Zahidl, and Veronica Franz, all portrayed hidden violence and hidden violence with a cold tone. They are said to have no hesitation in revealing sensationalism. Arnold Schoenberg , Anton Webern , and Alban Berg , the founders of the modernist modern music movement represented by atonality and serialism, were also from Austria.
Please note that in Austria, you must avoid covering your entire face with a scarf or scarf. A recently passed law due to the risk of terrorism in Europe required people not to cover more than half their faces for identification purposes. In particular, hijabs were allowed for Muslims, but niqabs and burkas were prohibited. Still, even after the law was passed, there are many people, regardless of whether they are Muslims or non-Muslims, covering their faces. The reason was that it was passed in October, when winter was approaching, and the law itself was controversial. Most people who cover their faces do so for reasons such as being cold or exercising rather than rebelling against the law, and while mocking the law, citizens wear scarves to show as much of their faces as possible. Although the law has been implemented, it is said that you can occasionally see people wearing burkas even in the city center. Some people ask the relevant department, 'It's cold today. Can I cover my face with a muffler?' Sometimes they even ask me over the phone.[41]
In addition, as the number of descendants from Turkish workers from the 1960s and 1970s and Muslim descendants from the Bosnia Civil War, they are spreading to serious social problems such as violence or joining the Islamic state . The problem is that Muslims, which are 8%of the population, account for 10%to 15%of Austrian newborns. And in 2018, the first baby's parents of the new year were broken indiscriminately for racist comments on Facebook because they were Muslims. The Austrian government has also announced a bill that refugees can pass the intermediate German test and advanced English exams to earn the minimum livelihood income . # And the Austrian right -wing government and the ruling party criticized Ramadan fasting, and the Islamic groups rebounded. #
Additionally, the Austrian government implemented a law banning smoking in restaurants and bars from November 1, 2019. #
As for religion, many people believe in Catholicism . However, there is also data showing that about 50% of people are atheists. It is said that with the increase in immigrants, the number of people who believe in Islam and other religions is also increasing. Some say that given the many ways in which Austria still values Catholic traditions, it gives the impression that Austria is more conservative than other Western European countries and even Germany, which shares the same language and similar history and cultural traditions.[40] Major cities such as Vienna are famous for their beautiful appearance, but some argue that this is in fact due to strong public power. Even attaching flyers and advertisements to the walls of buildings or hanging laundry out of windows is controlled by local governments with fines. However, this does not mean that there are very few people who openly discriminate against Asian tourists or international students or show hostile behavior, and for the time being, they are treated kindly.
In the field of art, it is also a place where many artists who go against the social atmosphere come out. Starting with Elfriede Jelinek, a novelist who received the Nobel Prize in Literature but has many pros and cons due to her outspoken and explicit behavior, Michael Haneke , Jessica Hauzner and Michael Schlesinger, who started filmmaking under Haneke, Ulrich Zahidl, and Veronica Franz, all portrayed hidden violence and hidden violence with a cold tone. They are said to have no hesitation in revealing sensationalism. Arnold Schoenberg , Anton Webern , and Alban Berg , the founders of the modernist modern music movement represented by atonality and serialism, were also from Austria.
Please note that in Austria, you must avoid covering your entire face with a scarf or scarf. A recently passed law due to the risk of terrorism in Europe required people not to cover more than half their faces for identification purposes. In particular, hijabs were allowed for Muslims, but niqabs and burkas were prohibited. Still, even after the law was passed, there are many people, regardless of whether they are Muslims or non-Muslims, covering their faces. The reason was that it was passed in October, when winter was approaching, and the law itself was controversial. Most people who cover their faces do so for reasons such as being cold or exercising rather than rebelling against the law, and while mocking the law, citizens wear scarves to show as much of their faces as possible. Although the law has been implemented, it is said that you can occasionally see people wearing burkas even in the city center. Some people ask the relevant department, 'It's cold today. Can I cover my face with a muffler?' Sometimes they even ask me over the phone.[41]
In addition, as the number of descendants from Turkish workers from the 1960s and 1970s and Muslim descendants from the Bosnia Civil War, they are spreading to serious social problems such as violence or joining the Islamic state . The problem is that Muslims, which are 8%of the population, account for 10%to 15%of Austrian newborns. And in 2018, the first baby's parents of the new year were broken indiscriminately for racist comments on Facebook because they were Muslims. The Austrian government has also announced a bill that refugees can pass the intermediate German test and advanced English exams to earn the minimum livelihood income . # And the Austrian right -wing government and the ruling party criticized Ramadan fasting, and the Islamic groups rebounded. #
Additionally, the Austrian government implemented a law banning smoking in restaurants and bars from November 1, 2019. #
10.1. Safety
Among European countries[42] Public safety is good. Although it is a wealthy country, other than classical music and the legacy of the Habsburg dynasty, it lacks landmarks that can be promoted as tourism compared to other countries, so the awareness of the country itself and the number of tourists are relatively low, and the number of criminals targeting them is also relatively low. This can be seen as one of the secrets to maintaining stable public order. It is very safe compared to other cities in Western Europe, and there are no problems even if tourists wander around alone late at night.
However, as in any country in Europe, the risk of pickpocketing is everywhere, so there is no harm in being careful. Of course, this means that you have to be careful about pickpockets, but things that are life-threatening rarely happen. Overall, you shouldn't expect stable security when traveling abroad in the first place, but the security is very good among European countries, and even Austrians are proud of this.
However, as in any country in Europe, the risk of pickpocketing is everywhere, so there is no harm in being careful. Of course, this means that you have to be careful about pickpockets, but things that are life-threatening rarely happen. Overall, you shouldn't expect stable security when traveling abroad in the first place, but the security is very good among European countries, and even Austrians are proud of this.
10.2. crime
The Natasha Kampusch confinement case , which was kidnapped by a 44-year-old man, Wolfgang Preclopil from 1998 and imprisoned for 8 years; The case in which three sisters were confined by their birth mother from 1998 to 2005; There were many confinement crimes, such as the case of confinement and rape of the daughter of Joseph Fritzl, who gave birth to seven children .
10.3. terror
Compared to neighboring France, it was classified as a clean area for terrorism, but in 2020, a terrorist attack shocked the European society.
On November 2, 2020, around 8 PM (local time), a shooting attack occurred in Vienna , Austria. Four people were killed, 22 injured, and one heavily armed terrorist in his 20s was killed by police on the spot. #1 #2 The detailed connection with the Nice terror attack in France, which occurred around the same time as this incident, is being investigated, but it has been found to be an Islamic extremist terror attack.
On November 2, 2020, around 8 PM (local time), a shooting attack occurred in Vienna , Austria. Four people were killed, 22 injured, and one heavily armed terrorist in his 20s was killed by police on the spot. #1 #2 The detailed connection with the Nice terror attack in France, which occurred around the same time as this incident, is being investigated, but it has been found to be an Islamic extremist terror attack.
11. culture
more detailsAustria/Culture documentcastPlease note.12. tourism
more detailsAustria/Tourism documentcastPlease note.13. education
14. diplomacy
more detailsAustria / Diplomacy documentcastPlease note.15. Military
more detailsAustrian Army documentcastPlease note.16. Character
more detailsAustrian documentcastPlease note.17.
18. look around
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[1] Immigrants, their descendants, foreigners[2] #[3] Male: 79.5 years old, Female: 84.2 years old[4] #[5] Standard Austrian German differs from Standard German in Germany and Standard Swiss German in Switzerland , as well as some differences in vocabulary, expression, and grammar. Because of this, German speakers who have been exposed to German only through Standard German or Swiss German tend to find it difficult to understand Austrian German. Nonetheless, Austrian German and Standard German are classified as the same language because there is only a difference in the dialect level. In addition to Austrian German, which is officially designated as the standard language, the mother language of many Austrians in everyday life is Austro-Bavarian, a dialect of German shared with the German state of Bavaria . In addition, Slovenian , Croatian , and Hungarian are also spoken in some areas.[6] Although it is seen as a dual government system , most of the actual authority is analyzed as a parliamentary system for the prime minister. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs is classified as a parliamentary cabinet.[7] After the inauguration of the President, he became an independent, butis from[8] May 25th of the lunar calendar. Treaty of Amity and Trade between Joe and Oh . The Republic of Korea and Austria use this day as the reference point for establishing diplomatic ties.[9] The South Korean government is simply defining it as a restoration of diplomatic relations. However, in the details on the status of diplomatic relations by year on the Ministry of Foreign Affairs website, 1963 is listed as the starting point of diplomatic relations.[10] The Austrian Embassy in Korea dates the restoration of diplomatic relations to 1963. It is listed as October 18th . #[11] The Sound of Music is a film set in Salzburg , Austria .[12] Austria/Population (namuwiki article)[13] The unit 'Mach' used to express the speed of sound is named after him.[14] germany Born in Braunau am Inn, a small Austrian town on the border with Bavaria, he spent his childhood in Linz and later lived in Vienna , before moving abroad (to France and Germany). However, since he lived in a border city with Germany (equivalent to Yeoncheon-gun, Gyeonggi-do in North and South Korea), there is circumstantial evidence that he visited Bavaria when he was young, and he lived in Germany starting just before World War I. Germans , especially pure Bavarians and pure Austrians , are practically the same people, so they are not biologically distinct and have high cultural similarities. Austrian German and Bavarian German are similar to the Gyeongnam dialect and Gyeongbuk dialect in Korea, so it is easy to communicate.[15] Even during the time of Nazi Germany, which spoke of the purity of the German people, Austrians were treated as equal Germans . This is because biologically, they are the same race, indistinguishable from North and South Korea. The histories of Germany and Austria diverged only after the Prussian-Austrian War .[16] In fact, the person concerned was called ' Australia ', and when the Australian Air Force plane took off, they heard that 'they must have come to save their son-in-law's country', but at the time, Austria was in no condition to send soldiers as it had suffered the humiliation of being a defeated country and was under divided rule between the four countries of the United States, Britain, and France. .[17] Nobel Science (2020.10.05) : Nobel Prize Special / Education statistics and conditions by country of Nobel laureates[18] Vienna University (Naver encyclopedia)[19] Of course, because centralization was not achieved, the monarchs of the respective feudal states had the right to rule over the remaining territories except those directly under the emperor's control, and at least the control they had was lost after the Thirty Years' War , so it was a country in name only, and in reality, it was a country in name only. lived in another country[20] In 1914, just before World War I, the area was 681,727 km2, the second largest in Europe after Russia , and the third most populous in Europe with a population of 52,800,000, after Russia and Germany . In 2008, the population was 6,800,000 on the same area of 83,879 km2, which was reduced by almost 1/8.[21] At the time of the dissolution of the empire, about 2 million people, or about 1/3 of the reduced population, were living in the capital Vienna, and due to the vitality of civilization mentioned above, the majority of citizens were non-productive. During the empire, there were no problems with food being produced in a large territory, but the Republic of Austria, which was created when the empire was dismantled, has many mountainous areas and neighboring countries refused to export food due to internal chaos and anti-Austrian sentiment. As a result, food shortages occurred in what was once the capital of the great empire, and many citizens are said to have starved to death. In addition, the loss of the Kingdom of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic ) , which was well industrialized and had developed commerce and industry since the Middle Ages, also dealt a major blow to the Austrian economy.[22] On April 15, 1955, in Moscow , Austria issued a memorandum of Moscow, including the premise that it would pursue a small neutral policy in the future, and since then, the United States, the United Kingdom and France agreed with the Soviet Union with the Soviet Union. As a result, despite being a member of the European Union in early 2022, he has not joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). 'Small Neutral Bureau' Austria "There is no plan to join NATO"[23] Vienna International Center (Wikipedia English article)[24] Thanks to this, the position of ambassador to Austria is known to be considered an important position. Former UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon also served as ambassador to Austria.[pronunciation] ʁepuˈbliːk ˈøːstəʁaɪ̯ç[26] A direct translation into English, which is close to German, would be something like 'East Realm'.[27] The name of the German original book library operated by the Department of German at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies is Ojiri Library (Österreich Bibliothek in German). Additionally, because German-style continental law came to Korea via Japan, such expressions often remain in old law books. The modern Chinese spelling is奥地利, and in Vietnam it is called Áo (奥), which comes from 奥地利.[28] In the audio recording of Kim Jong-il's voice that Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee recorded while they were kidnapped to North Korea and then released after successfully escaping and returning to South Korea, there is a part where Kim Jong -il tells Shin Sang-ok over the phone, "From now on, Mr. Shin should go to a place in Europe that is neutral but also capitalist, like Austria, to film." When South Korea hosted the Olympics in the 1980s, both broadcasts and newspapers changed their usage of the words Europe and Curaçao from interchangeably using them and started referring to them only as Europe, but North Korea continued to refer to them as Guraçao. However, the word Guraçao frequently appears in South Korean National Assembly records from the 1970s.[29] In addition to Austria, Germany, Turkey, the Netherlands, and Egypt were also called German, Togi, Dutch, and Egyptian, which are Chinese phonetic sounds in North Korea at the time. Currently, it has been changed to Deutschland, Turquoise, Nederland, and Ezit. On the other hand, Chinese personal names that are originally written in Chinese characters rather than phonetic pronunciation are read not according to the original Chinese pronunciation, but according to the Korean Chinese character pronunciation . In other words, Jiang Zemin , Hu Jintao , and Xi Jinping are Kang Taek-min, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping, respectively, in North Korea. Meanwhile, in Korea, after the Xinhai Revolution, the Chinese notation system of writing people close to the original Chinese was established, and after changing 'Kang Zemin' to 'Jiang Zemin', they continued to write close to the original Chinese.[30] This is where the name Australopithecus comes from. Because it was discovered in the south.[31] In fact, the Austrian ambassador to Korea is said to be troubled by Koreans who confuse Austria and Australia. You might be thinking, “So what about the Australian ambassador?” But at least in Korea, Australia has a lot of popularity…[32] Moreover, Austria declared permanent neutrality after World War II, and along with Switzerland and Sweden , did not take sides with either the First or Second World during the Cold War.[33] It's a joke, but The Sound of Music has become so famous that some people know Edelweiss as their national anthem. This is a very common misconception even in English-speaking countries. #[34] Bavaria and Austria are historically and culturally close, and until the mid-20th century, it was generally difficult to tell Bavarians and Austrians apart by appearance or speaking style before they said where they were from. For reference, Hitler, who was born in Austria and lived there until his adolescence (in Austria, he moved between the western and eastern parts of Austria), went to France and lived there for a few years, and when he decided to immigrate to Germany, he immigrated to Bavaria, where he served in the military and participated in politics, making it the foundation of his life. Moreover, his hometown, Braunauam, was located near the Bavarian border in Austria, so there were no linguistic difficulties when he entered Bavarian politics, and he could easily hide his Austrian origin by pretending to have been born in Bavaria. However, when he later became a famous politician active not only in Bavaria but also throughout Germany and became active in Berlin , he was ridiculed for his entire life because of his Austro-Bavarian dialect, which became a complex for him.[35] On the contrary, the ignition speed is somewhat slower and soft compared to the North Germany, and there are some learners that the German language in the empty region is easier to understand than the German and Frankfurt regions .[36] It is called Burgenland Croatian, with some variations of expression different from the Croatian language spoken in mainland Croatia .[37] There are also testimonies that when they arrived in Vienna, Austria, they were lost because they could not communicate well in English. The EF English Proficiency Index statistics cannot be seen as accurate statistics that reflect all individual differences. If you're going to travel to a non-English speaking country, don't expect to communicate 100% in English. Exceptionally, the Netherlands and Northern Europe are regions where short-term stays, including travel, are not a problem with only English. However, if you want a long-term stay without any inconvenience or disadvantage in these areas, you must learn and speak the local language.[38] For reference, what people overlook unexpectedly is that the start of the two world wars are all related to Austria. In World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on the Kingdom of Serbia, and in World War II, Austria was the same country that started the war with Nazi Germany . And Adolf Hitler was also born in Austria.[39] Unless it is related to large-scale cultural media such as Hollywood or popular sports such as soccer , interest in foreign cultural media is not high.[40] However, freedom of expression is lenient, so there is no negative perception of high-level sexual expressions or covering one's body with tattoos, but this does not affect the overall social atmosphere. And marijuana is strictly illegal here, and like in Amsterdam or Copenhagen , you will be caught if you smoke it openly on the street.[41] This alone said a lot. Cold and hot are subjective, but it is okay for the person in charge to wear a muffler or not, which in itself is worthy of controversy.[42] Although the European continent has, on average, the best infrastructure and economic power in the entire world, the security of each country is not that good. Public security is better in Eastern countries that went through dictatorship or communism, or in geographically isolated island countries.
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