Romania
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- Romania
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- european republic
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- Secure Orthodox Church
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1. outline
Romania is a republic that is in contact with the southeastern black sea of the Balkan Peninsula . It is close to Ukraine to the east , Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest , Bulgaria to the south , and to the border of Moldova to the east . Chinese and Chinese are Ramania . The capital is București . In English , it is called Bucharest. Because of this , it is often confused with Budapest .
Romania is largely made up of three regions: Wallachia , Moldavia , and Transylvania .
Romania is largely made up of three regions: Wallachia , Moldavia , and Transylvania .
- Transilbania -It was originally a territory of the Hungarian kingdom , and the Hungarian style was strong, and the German style remained due to the history of the Hungarian -Croatian King Undrassy II called the Germans and pioneered Transilbania . A typical place is Shibui .
- Moldavia -Poland and Russia were heavily influenced. The eastern part of the Fruit River across the Moldavia was the Bucharest Treaty, which was signed in 1812, during the Napoleon War , and the Ottoman Empire , the dominant country of the Moldavian Principal , was given to the Russian Empire under the name Besaravia . Later, the Romanian Kingdom recovered to World War I , but during World War II, it was eventually taken back by the Soviet Union and now independence under the name Moldova .
- Wallacia -Therefore, Romanian nationalists say that Wallacia is the most native pure.
Unusually among countries bordering the Balkan Peninsula, which is full of Slavic people , Romanians are of Latin ethnicity and also speak the Latin language . Therefore, even though it is located in the east, it is emotionally sympathetic to countries that use Romance languages. It is no coincidence that the civil code was obtained from France and the commercial code was obtained from Italy . Perhaps that is why there are a significant number of Romanian immigrants in Latin countries such as Spain , Italy , and France . It is a cultural area that uses the same Romanian language as its neighboring country , Moldova , and feels homogeneous in ethnicity. Although it is lagging for various practical reasons, there was once a public opinion about unification, and it is trending again after the Ukraine War .
2. symbol
2.1. country name
more detailsRomania/national name documentcastPlease note.2.2. flag
more detailsRomania / Flag documentcastPlease note.2.3. director
more detailsRomania / coat of arms documentcastPlease note.2.4. nation
Currently, Deșteată-Te, Române! Romanian, wake up! See the document.
During the Kingdom of Romania, the national anthem was Trăiască Regele (Song of the Kings), and during the Socialist Republic of Romania, Zdrobite cătușe (Broken Chains), Te slăvim, Românie (We Praise Romania), and Trei culori ( Tricolor Flag ) .[7] had used
During the Kingdom of Romania, the national anthem was Trăiască Regele (Song of the Kings), and during the Socialist Republic of Romania, Zdrobite cătușe (Broken Chains), Te slăvim, Românie (We Praise Romania), and Trei culori ( Tricolor Flag ) .[7] had used
3. history
more detailsRomania/History documentcastPlease note.[ Expand/Collapse ]
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4. geography
Geographically, it is a southern European country.[8] According to post-Cold War classification, it is considered to be at the intersection of Central Europe and Southern Europe . # However, the Transylvania region is classified as Central Europe, and in particular , Wallachia in the south and the northern Dobruja region bordering the Black Sea in the southeast are classified as Southern Europe. Transylvania was culturally influenced by Hungarian culture and Germanic culture and religiously by Catholicism and Calvinism due to the long-term Hungarian rule until immediately after World War I. The rest of Wallachia and Moldavia were under the rule of the Ottoman Empire for a long time and were able to maintain religious Orthodoxy due to the unique religious tolerance of the Ottomans. Culturally, they were influenced by the ruling country's Turkic culture and the surrounding South Slavic or Greek culture . Therefore, although it is the same country and people who speak the same language live, the eastern and western regions show completely different cultural colors, starting from the rugged Carpathian Mountains .
The Hatceg Basin in Romania is famous for its dinosaur fossils , but unusually, the dinosaurs found here were much smaller than their related dinosaurs from other regions . Scholars believe that this place may have been an island during the Cretaceous period and that these dinosaurs may have experienced island dwarfism .[9] Also the largest pterosaur Fossils of Hatchegopteryx were also discovered here. This place was featured as a central feature in the documentary Dinosaur Planet produced by the Discovery Channel in 2004 and the documentary Dinosaur Land produced by the BBC in 2011 .
The climate is humid continental (Dfa ~ Dfb) like other Eastern Bloc countries . The Black Sea coast is relatively warm, but the inland regions where the Carpathian Mountains are located have very cold and snowy winters.
Surprisingly, Romania is also classified as an earthquake hazard zone as it lies within the influence of the Alpine-Himalaya orogenic belt . In particular, many large-scale earthquakes have occurred in the Brance region historically. On October 26, 1802, an earthquake measuring M7.9 occurred in Brancea Province, and on March 4, 1977, an earthquake measuring M7.4 occurred in Brancea Province, killing 1,578 people.[10] And it is said that when the bereaved families protested against this, they responded with suppression. On January 31, 2020, an M5.2 earthquake occurred in Brancea Province, and even though it is located inland, Brancea Province is considered a region in Romania where large-scale earthquakes frequently occur. The reason is that Brancea is a place where three tectonic plates meet.
The Hatceg Basin in Romania is famous for its dinosaur fossils , but unusually, the dinosaurs found here were much smaller than their related dinosaurs from other regions . Scholars believe that this place may have been an island during the Cretaceous period and that these dinosaurs may have experienced island dwarfism .[9] Also the largest pterosaur Fossils of Hatchegopteryx were also discovered here. This place was featured as a central feature in the documentary Dinosaur Planet produced by the Discovery Channel in 2004 and the documentary Dinosaur Land produced by the BBC in 2011 .
The climate is humid continental (Dfa ~ Dfb) like other Eastern Bloc countries . The Black Sea coast is relatively warm, but the inland regions where the Carpathian Mountains are located have very cold and snowy winters.
Surprisingly, Romania is also classified as an earthquake hazard zone as it lies within the influence of the Alpine-Himalaya orogenic belt . In particular, many large-scale earthquakes have occurred in the Brance region historically. On October 26, 1802, an earthquake measuring M7.9 occurred in Brancea Province, and on March 4, 1977, an earthquake measuring M7.4 occurred in Brancea Province, killing 1,578 people.[10] And it is said that when the bereaved families protested against this, they responded with suppression. On January 31, 2020, an M5.2 earthquake occurred in Brancea Province, and even though it is located inland, Brancea Province is considered a region in Romania where large-scale earthquakes frequently occur. The reason is that Brancea is a place where three tectonic plates meet.
5. administrative district
more detailsRomania/Administration documentcastPlease note.6. language
more detailsRomanian documentcastPlease note.Romanian , the official language , is Latin (Romance language). After all the Romans were driven out, Germanic and Slavic tribes entered Romania, and linguistically they were influenced by folk Latin due to the influence of the Vlach people. Because a large number of Slavic people came to Eastern Europe, there are quite a few loan words (20-30%) adopted from surrounding Slavic countries, and they are quite different from western Romance languages, so they are classified as Eastern Romance languages . Before modern times, the influence of Slavic languages was stronger, but during the modernization period, there was a language purification movement that actively imported modern vocabulary from other sibling Romance languages, such as French and Italian, and excluded Slavic words in order to intentionally highlight Latin commonality. The letters also use Latin letters .
Many minority people live in Romania, and Hungarian and German are used as a representative language of ethnic minorities.[11] English , French , and German are the main foreign languages of Romania, especially in French, which is also influenced by relocating to France , Italy and Spain after joining Romania's EU . On the other hand , there are few Russian users because of the strong anti -rudder feelings , such as the Soviet Union's Betaravia and Northern Kobi or Occupation during World War II .
However, Russian is used in areas where Lipovan Russians live. And a few, but Russian education is being provided. They are a minority party that occupies one seat, except for the Democratic Union of the Romanian Hungarian Democratic Union, because many minority national parties are active in politics because the blockade clause is not applied to minority political parties . Neighboring Nara Bulgaria and Serbia , on the other hand , have many Russian users, as opposed to Romania, and unlike Romania, Russia is considered to be applicants during the Independence War.
Many minority people live in Romania, and Hungarian and German are used as a representative language of ethnic minorities.[11] English , French , and German are the main foreign languages of Romania, especially in French, which is also influenced by relocating to France , Italy and Spain after joining Romania's EU . On the other hand , there are few Russian users because of the strong anti -rudder feelings , such as the Soviet Union's Betaravia and Northern Kobi or Occupation during World War II .
However, Russian is used in areas where Lipovan Russians live. And a few, but Russian education is being provided. They are a minority party that occupies one seat, except for the Democratic Union of the Romanian Hungarian Democratic Union, because many minority national parties are active in politics because the blockade clause is not applied to minority political parties . Neighboring Nara Bulgaria and Serbia , on the other hand , have many Russian users, as opposed to Romania, and unlike Romania, Russia is considered to be applicants during the Independence War.
7. education
You first enter school at the age of 6, and elementary school (6 to 9 years old), middle school (10 to 13 years old), and high school (14 to 17 years old) all take 4 years, and university usually takes 3 years (18 to 20 years old), but according to the Bologna system, you must complete 4 years (18 to 21 years old) in law and 6 years (18 to 23 years old) in medicine and architecture to obtain a bachelor's degree, and to obtain a master's degree in graduate school. It takes 2 years (21 to 22 years old/22 to 23 years old/24 to 25 years old), and 3 years (23 to 25 years old/24 to 26 years old/26 to 28 years old) to obtain a doctoral degree. In Romania, a bachelor's degree must be obtained at least at the age of 21. English is taught little by little starting in kindergarten , and Latin is not taught in the first and second years of middle school , but is taught for one year in the third year of middle school. Students begin learning a second foreign language in the first or second year of middle school, and they usually choose between German and French .[12]
Romania has to take the Baccalorea test when graduating from middle school and high school, and Romania is very fierce in European countries because the whole country is high school non -evaluated area. For reference, there are also literature and science in Romania, which are divided into high schools.
The universities are famous for each region, including Iasi University , Bucure Sty University , and Kleuji University . In the case of Bukkure Stythe University , it is very distant from the undergraduate because it was opened and opened in the Bucure Sty, like Seoul National University after liberation .
Romania has to take the Baccalorea test when graduating from middle school and high school, and Romania is very fierce in European countries because the whole country is high school non -evaluated area. For reference, there are also literature and science in Romania, which are divided into high schools.
The universities are famous for each region, including Iasi University , Bucure Sty University , and Kleuji University . In the case of Bukkure Stythe University , it is very distant from the undergraduate because it was opened and opened in the Bucure Sty, like Seoul National University after liberation .
8. population
Although the population has decreased significantly, it is still the most populous country in Southeast Europe. It is the 6th most populous country in the European Union after Poland ( 7th before the British withdrawal), and has a larger population than 20 other countries with a population of less than 10 million, with 33 seats out of 705 in the European Parliament . ( It is followed by the Netherlands with just under 17,000,000 people .) Even during the Cold War, its population was equal to that of all of Yugoslavia (23,650,000 people), and even now it is not far behind the 40 million population of the much larger Ukraine.
The main people are Romanians . Major ethnic minorities include Hungarian Romanians and Sekeians , the Hungarian nation of Transilbania and Gypsy , Germans.[13] The back also exists as a minority.
The population was about 23,000,000 in the early 2000s, but the income level was still low, so a large-scale wave of immigration began in the 1990s. There were many immigrants to linguistically similar countries such as Italy and Spain, and immigration to Germany increased rapidly in the 2010s. This reduced the population to 19,000,000.
Of course, the birth rate, which was only 1.2 to 1.3 people in the 2010s, succeeded in rebounding in the 2010s, and the total fertility rate rose to 1.8 people in the 2020s, reaching the level of developed countries in Western Europe. However, it may have rebounded just as the low birth rate generation was entering society, so although it is better than Bulgaria and Serbia, it is not enough to prevent population decline.
While Greeks , Russians and Bulgarians have many names ending with the suffix -p (male)/-va (female), Serbs , Montenegrins , Bosniaks , and Croats have many names ending with the suffix -esku, Romanians have many names ending with the suffix -esku, which can be said to be unique to the people of this country. It is believed that the s was dropped from the suffix -us, which was common in Roman names.
As of 2002, Gypsies accounted for 1.8% of the population, but the unofficial estimate is as high as 11%. This is because Romania accepted a large number of Gypsies during the Ceauşescu communist regime to promote itself as a humanitarian country. For Gypsies in Romania, the economic situation in Romania was poor for a while after democratization in 1989, welfare benefits were limited and it was difficult to find decent jobs, so many Gypsies immigrated to Western Europe for a better life, but even in Western Europe, even if they could make more money, they were often poor. Still, immigration continued because it was possible to earn much more money working as a day laborer in Western Europe than living as a poor person in Romania. However, in 2010, in a situation where the national finances were unstable due to the Great Recession, French President Sarkozy began deporting Gypsies in large numbers, leading to an increase in the number of Gypsies returning to Romania, and the Romanian government, whose national finances were poor, strongly protested. However, Romania's population is shrinking every year due to low birth rates and immigration, and as low-birth generations enter society, labor is becoming scarce. Romania is no longer in a position to ignore Gypsies in order to maintain its economic scale, even if it means culturally discriminating against them.
Of course, the perception of Gypsy is still bad. At present, there are statistics with more than 80 percent of Romanian prison prisoners, and the implicit weighted punishment is severe because of the gypsy.
The main people are Romanians . Major ethnic minorities include Hungarian Romanians and Sekeians , the Hungarian nation of Transilbania and Gypsy , Germans.[13] The back also exists as a minority.
The population was about 23,000,000 in the early 2000s, but the income level was still low, so a large-scale wave of immigration began in the 1990s. There were many immigrants to linguistically similar countries such as Italy and Spain, and immigration to Germany increased rapidly in the 2010s. This reduced the population to 19,000,000.
Of course, the birth rate, which was only 1.2 to 1.3 people in the 2010s, succeeded in rebounding in the 2010s, and the total fertility rate rose to 1.8 people in the 2020s, reaching the level of developed countries in Western Europe. However, it may have rebounded just as the low birth rate generation was entering society, so although it is better than Bulgaria and Serbia, it is not enough to prevent population decline.
While Greeks , Russians and Bulgarians have many names ending with the suffix -p (male)/-va (female), Serbs , Montenegrins , Bosniaks , and Croats have many names ending with the suffix -esku, Romanians have many names ending with the suffix -esku, which can be said to be unique to the people of this country. It is believed that the s was dropped from the suffix -us, which was common in Roman names.
As of 2002, Gypsies accounted for 1.8% of the population, but the unofficial estimate is as high as 11%. This is because Romania accepted a large number of Gypsies during the Ceauşescu communist regime to promote itself as a humanitarian country. For Gypsies in Romania, the economic situation in Romania was poor for a while after democratization in 1989, welfare benefits were limited and it was difficult to find decent jobs, so many Gypsies immigrated to Western Europe for a better life, but even in Western Europe, even if they could make more money, they were often poor. Still, immigration continued because it was possible to earn much more money working as a day laborer in Western Europe than living as a poor person in Romania. However, in 2010, in a situation where the national finances were unstable due to the Great Recession, French President Sarkozy began deporting Gypsies in large numbers, leading to an increase in the number of Gypsies returning to Romania, and the Romanian government, whose national finances were poor, strongly protested. However, Romania's population is shrinking every year due to low birth rates and immigration, and as low-birth generations enter society, labor is becoming scarce. Romania is no longer in a position to ignore Gypsies in order to maintain its economic scale, even if it means culturally discriminating against them.
Of course, the perception of Gypsy is still bad. At present, there are statistics with more than 80 percent of Romanian prison prisoners, and the implicit weighted punishment is severe because of the gypsy.
9. politics
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Romania political information | ||
45 points | 2025 , 70th in the world | |
67.71 points | 2026 , 49th in the world | |
6.11 points | 2025 , 69th in the world | |
Post-communist Romanian political parties do not act according to ideology or doctrine.Romanian philosopher Andrei Gabriel Pleșu #
It is a multi -party , but it is actually close to both party . According to the Romanian Constitution , the Romanian political structure is a dual government system with Romanian President Romania, a symbolic state, and prime ministers in charge of practice , but in a similar way to France , the president has considerable authority. Overall, the cohabitation government is often formed.
The candidates who died during the election period remain the same and can be elected. (example)
Many ethnic minority parties are also represented in parliament. In order to guarantee the rights and interests of ethnic minorities in accordance with Romanian election law, a special exception was made so that the blockade clause was not applied only to the elections to the House of Representatives. Therefore, political parties of ethnic groups that are unlikely to live in Romania are also participating to a large extent in parliamentary politics. Political parties from many ethnic groups, including the Hungarians and Gypsies who remained in Romania due to the Trianon Treaty, as well as Germans , Albanians , Turks , Dobruja Tatars , Armenians , Jews , Italians , Greeks , Macedonians , Ukrainians , Rusyns , Czechs , Slovaks , Poles , Serbs , and Croats , are entering the parliament. Of course, excluding the Hungarian Democratic Union of Romania, which is a Hungarian political party, it only occupies about one seat.
Unusually, the royal family from the Romanian Kingdom is still maintained. This is because the royal family was forcibly ousted by a foreign power ( the Soviet Union ) and the government is pursuing a long-term restoration of the monarchy because the image of the royal family is positive due to the efforts of King Mihai I and others . Many Romanians are very favorable towards the old royal family. Nevertheless, the reason why the restoration of the monarchy cannot be carried out is because the people are favorable to the royal family but are more opposed to maintaining the republic. According to a survey conducted in 2016 , two-thirds of respondents said that the country would have developed in a better direction if they had chosen a monarchy rather than a republic during the 1989 revolution. However, when asked which side they would choose if there was a referendum right now, 62% of respondents chose to maintain the republic and 21% chose to restore the monarchy.
In the 2024 presidential election, a pro-Russian candidate caused a sensation by taking first place. As a result, due to controversy over election fraud, the Romanian Election Commission (corresponding body) conducted a recount, but as a result of the recount, the country's advancement to the runoff was maintained. But TikTok in court They used influencers to invalidate the election results, claiming that Russia interfered in the presidential election. However, according to the results of the investigation, there is no connection between the pro-Russian candidate and Russia, but rather the pro-European National Liberal Party of Romania.[14] As it was revealed that financial support was provided to these TikTok influencers, controversy arose over the fairness of the ruling. # # # # #
10. economy
more detailsRomania/Economy documentcastPlease note.11. Military
more detailsRomanian army documentcastPlease note.12. culture
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12.1. religion
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Romania recognizes a total of 18 denominations.[15] It is also a country with a strong religious background within the EU. More than 84% of the population claim to be Christians (of which the Romanian Orthodox Church accounts for 73.6%), and non-religious people, which are common in Western and East Asia, only make up 0.8% of the total population . After the collapse of the communist regime, the Romanian Orthodox Church reestablished a close relationship with the state as the national religion and to this day plays an important role in national events and contributes to national unity. The Romanian Orthodox Church's independence was recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in 1885 , and its status was upgraded to a patriarchal church in 1925. The official title of the Romanian Patriarch is 'Archbishop of Bucharest, Provincial of Muntenia and Dobrodgea, and Provisional Vicar of Bishop Caesarea of Cappadocia.' The seat of the Patriarchate is, of course, in Bucharest, the capital, and has jurisdiction over not only Romania but also Moldova .
The current patriarch is Daniel (2007-) , the 6th patriarch .
Meanwhile, in Transylvania, the Romanian Greek Catholic Church, belonging to the Eastern Catholic Church , had considerable influence until World War I. During the communist regime, they were oppressed and their religious status was greatly reduced, but after religious liberalization, they regained their rights with the support of the Vatican .[16] They demanded the return of church property taken from the Romanian Orthodox Church during the communist regime, but the Romanian Orthodox Church refused, intensifying the conflict between the two sides. Even in rural areas, a conflict arose between villagers over the right of which church to use the cathedral building, and eventually believers from both sides clashed with each other.
In addition to the Eastern Catholic Church, there are also Roman Catholic believers. Most Roman Catholics in Romania are members of the Hungarian minority. However, Romanian Roman Catholics also exist, although in small numbers. In particular , Romanian Roman Catholics are concentrated in Moldova, on the Romanian side . However, for various reasons, the number and proportion of Roman Catholics in Romania continue to decrease. In 1999, after the end of the Cold War and ahead of the new millennium, Pope John Paul II visited Romania. This was also the first time a Roman Pope visited a mainstream Orthodox region in nearly 1,000 years since the Great Schism of the Church .
Protestantism has traditionally been believed by Hungarian residents, except for Gypsies and immigrants who came to faith through Korean missionaries.[17] In general , it corresponds to the language islands of Transylvania , especially Cluj Province . Of course, Hungarian-Romanians are not necessarily Protestants, and although they are about half Catholic and half Protestant, they are more numerous than those in mainland Hungary. Timisoara, the starting point of the democratization movement in 1989, is also a city where many Hungarian Protestants live.
Jehovah's Witnesses also carry out active missionary work here, which sometimes causes discord among families.
Islam is believed by descendants of the Turkic people , Greek Muslims , Pomaks (Bulgarian Muslims), Albanians , Bosnyaks , and Kurds who immigrated during the Ottoman Empire . But that number is small: according to the 2022 census, only 76,215 people, about 0.4% of the total population, said their religion was Islam.
This is a country where being a witch is recognized as an occupation. Of course, this does not mean that they really use magic as they appear in novels and movies, but that they are treated as ' religious people ' who practice various spells and fortune-telling like shamans . Until witchcraft was recognized as a formal profession, taxes could not be collected on the income witches earned , so of course witches had no obligation to pay taxes . For this reason, in 2011 In January , there was a bit of a stir when witches were recognized as an occupation , and it is said that witches collectively protested against this tax and placed a curse on the government and parliament ...
12.2. sports
Until the communist era before 1989, it was an Olympic powerhouse that achieved great results in the Olympics, but after democratization, the Olympic medal performance has decreased significantly.
As in many Eastern European countries, soccer is the most popular sport in Romania. For information on the national team, see the Romania national football team section. It produced players such as Gheorghe Haji , Dan Petrescu , Adrian Mutu , Gheorghe Popescu , Miodrag Belodedic , Christian Chivu , Cosmin Contra , Ángel Iordernescu , and Stefan Radu .
The soccer league is Liga I. Kim Gil- sik, a former South Korean soccer player and former coach of Ansan Greeners FC, played for the Romanian league team FC Ocellul Galachi in 2007 , and said that the league's marketability and infrastructure were extremely poor. Perhaps that's why the atmosphere was stagnant as all the players moved to Turkey or other countries' leagues. Teammates who didn't know much about the K-League at the time asked, "How much money do you pay?", so he told them about the money he received while playing in Korea. After that, he kept saying to his teammates, "I want to go to the K-League , so please help me arrange it." I had to endure requests. For reference, it is said that the money he received at FC Ocellul Galachi was less than half of the money he received when playing in Korea.[18] Nevertheless, even this money was not properly received, so a legal battle had to be launched. Still, at that time, it ranked 7th in the UEFA league rankings and remained in the top 10 in the UEFA league rankings until 2010 , but after that, due to repeated declines , it fell to 29th in the UEFA league rankings in 2020 . Excluding small countries, it is no exaggeration to say that they are actually at the bottom.
Among Eastern European countries, along with Yugoslavia, it is also a country that participated in the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, USA , which was a bitter enemy to the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries at the time. For reference, it also participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union , where the United States and many Western countries did not participate, making it the only Eastern European communist country to participate in both Olympics . It also caused the surprise of finishing second overall after the host country , the United States , at the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics . Of course, there was also the influence of the Soviet Union , the United States ' rival at the time , not participating. Later, in 1988, Korea He also participated in the Summer Olympics held in Seoul .
It is also a powerhouse in artistic gymnastics, represented by Nadia Comaneci . The women's field is especially famous and has produced many world-class players, including Comaneci, Daniela Silivas, Dominic Mosheanu, and Andrey Raducan. However, they failed to qualify as a team for the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics and ended up with no medals for the first time in 40 years . Around 2002, three female gymnasts from the Romanian national team caused a stir by filming a nude photo album and image video in Japan. They even took the cover photo wearing the Romanian national team uniform.[19] The Romanian Gymnastics Federation imposed a five-year ban on the athletes involved.
There are quite a few famous players in tennis . Ion Thiriak, Ilie Nastase, Virginia Ruzić, Horia Tekau, and Simona Halep have won Grand Slam singles/doubles, and several other rankers appear steadily.
Rugby is also quite popular. Even though it is a soccer country like an Eastern European country, rugby is a sport with quite a reputation in Romania, and the Romanian national rugby union team participates in the Rugby World Cup with close to perfect attendance, except in 2019 when it was disqualified.
The Romanian national rugby team is currently participating in the Rugby European Championship.
It is also famous for fencing . She even took first place in the world, especially in the women's epee team event. However, the compatibility with Korea is not very good.
In 2022, Swim 's David Popovic has emerged as the divinity of Romanian swimming, winning 100m and 200m in men's freestyle and 200m at the World Swimming Championships in Budapest , Hungary .
As in many Eastern European countries, soccer is the most popular sport in Romania. For information on the national team, see the Romania national football team section. It produced players such as Gheorghe Haji , Dan Petrescu , Adrian Mutu , Gheorghe Popescu , Miodrag Belodedic , Christian Chivu , Cosmin Contra , Ángel Iordernescu , and Stefan Radu .
The soccer league is Liga I. Kim Gil- sik, a former South Korean soccer player and former coach of Ansan Greeners FC, played for the Romanian league team FC Ocellul Galachi in 2007 , and said that the league's marketability and infrastructure were extremely poor. Perhaps that's why the atmosphere was stagnant as all the players moved to Turkey or other countries' leagues. Teammates who didn't know much about the K-League at the time asked, "How much money do you pay?", so he told them about the money he received while playing in Korea. After that, he kept saying to his teammates, "I want to go to the K-League , so please help me arrange it." I had to endure requests. For reference, it is said that the money he received at FC Ocellul Galachi was less than half of the money he received when playing in Korea.[18] Nevertheless, even this money was not properly received, so a legal battle had to be launched. Still, at that time, it ranked 7th in the UEFA league rankings and remained in the top 10 in the UEFA league rankings until 2010 , but after that, due to repeated declines , it fell to 29th in the UEFA league rankings in 2020 . Excluding small countries, it is no exaggeration to say that they are actually at the bottom.
Among Eastern European countries, along with Yugoslavia, it is also a country that participated in the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles, USA , which was a bitter enemy to the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries at the time. For reference, it also participated in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow, Soviet Union , where the United States and many Western countries did not participate, making it the only Eastern European communist country to participate in both Olympics . It also caused the surprise of finishing second overall after the host country , the United States , at the 1984 Los Angeles Summer Olympics . Of course, there was also the influence of the Soviet Union , the United States ' rival at the time , not participating. Later, in 1988, Korea He also participated in the Summer Olympics held in Seoul .
It is also a powerhouse in artistic gymnastics, represented by Nadia Comaneci . The women's field is especially famous and has produced many world-class players, including Comaneci, Daniela Silivas, Dominic Mosheanu, and Andrey Raducan. However, they failed to qualify as a team for the 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics and ended up with no medals for the first time in 40 years . Around 2002, three female gymnasts from the Romanian national team caused a stir by filming a nude photo album and image video in Japan. They even took the cover photo wearing the Romanian national team uniform.[19] The Romanian Gymnastics Federation imposed a five-year ban on the athletes involved.
There are quite a few famous players in tennis . Ion Thiriak, Ilie Nastase, Virginia Ruzić, Horia Tekau, and Simona Halep have won Grand Slam singles/doubles, and several other rankers appear steadily.
Rugby is also quite popular. Even though it is a soccer country like an Eastern European country, rugby is a sport with quite a reputation in Romania, and the Romanian national rugby union team participates in the Rugby World Cup with close to perfect attendance, except in 2019 when it was disqualified.
The Romanian national rugby team is currently participating in the Rugby European Championship.
It is also famous for fencing . She even took first place in the world, especially in the women's epee team event. However, the compatibility with Korea is not very good.
In 2022, Swim 's David Popovic has emerged as the divinity of Romanian swimming, winning 100m and 200m in men's freestyle and 200m at the World Swimming Championships in Budapest , Hungary .
12.3. movie
Romanian films have received good reviews at several film festivals and have received attention from the world film industry. Among them , Cristian Mungiu[20] The director's '4 months, 3 weeks...and 2 days' (4 luni, 3 săptămâni şi 2 zile) won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 2007 ( see Ceauşescu section). Also in 2012, the same director's 'După dealuri' (După dealuri) won the Best Screenplay and Best Actress awards at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. This film is an adaptation of the true story of a woman who was sacrificed in an exorcism that took place in a Greek Orthodox monastery in 2005, and is evaluated as a masterpiece that rivals its predecessor. Released in Korea in December 2012.
At the 2013 Berlin International Film Festival, director Călin Peter Netzer won the highest prize, the Golden Bear, for his film Poziția copilului (Child's Pose). It has been confirmed that the so-called 'Romanian New Wave' is still in progress. This film, which criticizes the plutocracy-ridden Romanian society, is about a mother doing everything she can to get her son who killed a man out of prison.
At the Berlin International Film Festival in 2021 , Radu Jude again won the Golden Bear Award for Babardeala Bucluccluc Sau Porno Balamus, Bad Luck Banging or LONY PORN .
Before the fall of Ceauşescu , the only place where you could study film in Romania was the University of Bucharest, the capital city. Lucien Pintilly's style is characterized by the use of long takes, refraining from background music or special effects, and emphasizing realism . This man is a director of the same stature as Im Kwon-taek in Korea, who pioneered Romanian cinema and introduced it to the Western world with his black comedy and realism tendencies while suffering from Ceauşescu's oppression . After democratization, he worked at the Romanian Youngjin Committee and supported young Romanian new wave directors. Among the Romanian New Wave directors discovered by Pintili is Christi Puille, famous for The Death of Mr. Lazarescu . This became a trend as the environment for film production became freely available after the end of the dictatorship, and it attracted many appeals at world film festivals that began to focus on social recovery and problem solving. Considering the size of the country, it is unfortunate that the film industry is not yet wide. However, Romanians have a strong sense of pride in their own films, as many great works are produced there. Many works receive support from film powerhouses such as Germany and France, and it often appears as a location for Hollywood movies.
Surprisingly, Romanian films are well-received at Korean film festivals. In the case of Romania's proud director Christian Munju, all but a few short films have been released at the Busan International Film Festival . Even movies that have not been officially released are aired dubbed at the KBS Masterpiece Theater. In 2008, besides the works of director Munju, many works faithful to realism with the theme of the Romanian New Wave were released, and they received a very good response.
There are also exchanges with substantial film festivals such as the Jeonju International Film Festival and the Paju DMZ Documentary Film Festival, and the style that focuses on social absurdity seems to fit well with the Korean film industry.
At the 2013 Berlin International Film Festival, director Călin Peter Netzer won the highest prize, the Golden Bear, for his film Poziția copilului (Child's Pose). It has been confirmed that the so-called 'Romanian New Wave' is still in progress. This film, which criticizes the plutocracy-ridden Romanian society, is about a mother doing everything she can to get her son who killed a man out of prison.
At the Berlin International Film Festival in 2021 , Radu Jude again won the Golden Bear Award for Babardeala Bucluccluc Sau Porno Balamus, Bad Luck Banging or LONY PORN .
Before the fall of Ceauşescu , the only place where you could study film in Romania was the University of Bucharest, the capital city. Lucien Pintilly's style is characterized by the use of long takes, refraining from background music or special effects, and emphasizing realism . This man is a director of the same stature as Im Kwon-taek in Korea, who pioneered Romanian cinema and introduced it to the Western world with his black comedy and realism tendencies while suffering from Ceauşescu's oppression . After democratization, he worked at the Romanian Youngjin Committee and supported young Romanian new wave directors. Among the Romanian New Wave directors discovered by Pintili is Christi Puille, famous for The Death of Mr. Lazarescu . This became a trend as the environment for film production became freely available after the end of the dictatorship, and it attracted many appeals at world film festivals that began to focus on social recovery and problem solving. Considering the size of the country, it is unfortunate that the film industry is not yet wide. However, Romanians have a strong sense of pride in their own films, as many great works are produced there. Many works receive support from film powerhouses such as Germany and France, and it often appears as a location for Hollywood movies.
Surprisingly, Romanian films are well-received at Korean film festivals. In the case of Romania's proud director Christian Munju, all but a few short films have been released at the Busan International Film Festival . Even movies that have not been officially released are aired dubbed at the KBS Masterpiece Theater. In 2008, besides the works of director Munju, many works faithful to realism with the theme of the Romanian New Wave were released, and they received a very good response.
There are also exchanges with substantial film festivals such as the Jeonju International Film Festival and the Paju DMZ Documentary Film Festival, and the style that focuses on social absurdity seems to fit well with the Korean film industry.
12.4. Dracula
It is said that the name Dracula comes from the name Dracul was used by farmers in this country to call ghosts. It is said that Stoker was inspired by hearing about Romanian farmers simply calling them 'ghosts' .
In the 18th and 19th centuries, farmers in Transylvania, then part of Hungary , strongly believed that anyone killed by an illegitimate child would become a vampire, so they drove stakes into the bodies or shot them in the coffins to drive out such 'ghosts'. , It is said that the corpse's mouth was tightly stuffed with garlic. However, the reason why the customs practiced in Transylvania are related to Romania is because Transylvania was called Erdély and was originally a land of the Kingdom of Hungary, but before and after World War I, it was transferred to Romania, which was an Allied force through the Treaty of Trianon . From Hungary's point of view, it was like getting robbed for standing in the wrong line with a friend . However, Transylvania was a region with a high proportion of Romanians. Moreover, it is said that this ritual was performed in all Romanian rural areas, whether active or not.
According to one anecdote, a farmer mistook a French botanist who was bending over in the hills for a wolf and was horrified. As a result, it is said that the scholar barely escaped his life by jumping on a carriage passing by.[21]
Based on history, the 15th -century Vlad III became the name Dracula for two reasons. First of all, he used a sentence with dragons during the war. At that time, Romanians were called Dragon, but they mean Dracul in the sense of a devil. Second, his father was called Dracul from the Hungarian -Croatian king Zigmond and named it VLAD Dracul , and his son, Vlad III , was called Dracula as "the son of Drahoney."
Vlad III, who raised hostility to the enemy during the barren life, led the war with the Ottoman Empire to victory, executing the prisoners of the captives. The large wheels with thick thorns passed through the body to make a hole in the body, and the pulsed spears were stabbed and killed, which was very slow and very painful.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, farmers in Transylvania, then part of Hungary , strongly believed that anyone killed by an illegitimate child would become a vampire, so they drove stakes into the bodies or shot them in the coffins to drive out such 'ghosts'. , It is said that the corpse's mouth was tightly stuffed with garlic. However, the reason why the customs practiced in Transylvania are related to Romania is because Transylvania was called Erdély and was originally a land of the Kingdom of Hungary, but before and after World War I, it was transferred to Romania, which was an Allied force through the Treaty of Trianon . From Hungary's point of view, it was like getting robbed for standing in the wrong line with a friend . However, Transylvania was a region with a high proportion of Romanians. Moreover, it is said that this ritual was performed in all Romanian rural areas, whether active or not.
According to one anecdote, a farmer mistook a French botanist who was bending over in the hills for a wolf and was horrified. As a result, it is said that the scholar barely escaped his life by jumping on a carriage passing by.[21]
Based on history, the 15th -century Vlad III became the name Dracula for two reasons. First of all, he used a sentence with dragons during the war. At that time, Romanians were called Dragon, but they mean Dracul in the sense of a devil. Second, his father was called Dracul from the Hungarian -Croatian king Zigmond and named it VLAD Dracul , and his son, Vlad III , was called Dracula as "the son of Drahoney."
Vlad III, who raised hostility to the enemy during the barren life, led the war with the Ottoman Empire to victory, executing the prisoners of the captives. The large wheels with thick thorns passed through the body to make a hole in the body, and the pulsed spears were stabbed and killed, which was very slow and very painful.
12.5. cooking
Refer to the Romanian/Moldavian cuisine document.
12.6. music
Among Romanian composers , George Enescu , who is considered ‘the greatest Romanian composer,’ is the best known internationally. A subgenre of electronica called ‘Romanian House’ is gaining great popularity. In particular, Edward Maya's Stereo Love, released in 2009, stayed on the European Top 100 Chart for 52 weeks, the longest record ever, and in 2010 She was the first Romanian singer to enter the Billboard Hot 100 and became a worldwide hit, peaking at number 16. In addition , Ina and Alexandra Stan gained great popularity with songs in the Eurodance genre. Although not from Romania, the Moldovan male trio O-Zone has also garnered a lot of attention with Romanian songs.
12.7. tourism
more detailsRomania/Tourism documentcastPlease note.13. Safety
as a romanian, I confirm that those are the volunteers, you don't want to see the actual army
Speaking as a Romanian, those are just volunteers . You don't even want to see the real army.
Since 2000, economic development has been very rapid and the level of per capita income has increased significantly, making it a developed country. However, as the economic power of the top European countries is so great, many people go to Western and Southern Europe such as Spain, France, and Italy to make money, and because of this, they have a bad reputation. In addition, most fraudulent crimes such as various voice phishing and trade fraud are committed by Romanians, and many people in Western Europe currently have the prejudice that pickpockets = Romanians . Even in places such as European travel cafes, it is common to see people with a negative view of Romanians, and in terms of domestic circumstances, it is similar to the treatment of foreign workers from poor countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Nepal. However, when you actually go to Romania, you can feel that the security is surprisingly good. In fact, the security index is almost similar to that of Western European countries such as the UK, France, and Germany. In fact, it can feel much more peaceful than in Western Europe, where pickpocketing is on the rise mainly in large cities and riots and terrorist attacks occur from time to time.
Since there are many gypsies , there are many memes in which Romanians are treated as gypsies . Of course, Romanians hate it.
Romanian mafia are notorious in Europe due to credit card scams or prostitution.
Since there are many gypsies , there are many memes in which Romanians are treated as gypsies . Of course, Romanians hate it.
Romanian mafia are notorious in Europe due to credit card scams or prostitution.
14. digression
- The ethnicity itself is bright and positive, and people generally like to play, so they really enjoy singing and dancing. In other words, a drinking and dancing paradise. At traditional weddings, it's common to have singers or bands dance the night away, and on special occasions like Christmas, bands play from door to door. Basically, it is a national character that is ready to dance anytime and anywhere when music comes on. It is also known to dance and play like a tour bus on a long-distance intercity bus.
- Romanian Orthodoxy, the national religion, is deeply religious but very secular. In general, this is quite the opposite compared to the conservative Christians in Western Europe and North America who do not like alcohol or dressing up as ghosts at Halloween parties. Right now, alcohol consumption per capita is the highest in the world, being a witch is recognized as an occupation, and Dracula is in fact the national ghost representing Romania, so rather than looking at it negatively, it is rather viewed positively.
- Surprisingly, it is also the country that was the slowest in Europe to introduce color TV. Televisiunea Romner 's TV broadcasting itself started early in 1956, but color broadcasting began in 1983, 10 years later than North Korea and 2 years later than Enver Hoxha 's Albania . Even then, color broadcasting was fully established after democratization, that is, after 1990 . Of course, during the Ceauşescu era, the focus was on ceausescu propaganda broadcasts that made you cringe like this one, but in the 80s, in order to save energy, the broadcast time was reduced to 2 hours on weekdays and 3 hours on weekends, and the number of TV channels was also reduced from two to one. In fact, before that, a significant amount of foreign programs were also imported. In particular, it is said that it also organized American TV programs such as animated films produced by Dallas and Disney. Romanian TVR was quite advanced(?) enough to receive TV program production know-how when it partnered with the BBC, but it lost its appeal in the 1980s. Even North Korea did not go as far as reducing TV channels during the Arduous March. So, at the time, the Romanian people abandoned their own TV channels, which they had grown tired of, and watched TV broadcasts from neighboring Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, the Soviet Union, and Hungary. Information on Bulgarian TV programming was also said to have been secretly circulated on the black market, and Bulgarian TV cartoons were also popular among Romanian children during this period.
- In any case, after democratization, like other Eastern European countries, the state-run broadcaster was converted to a public broadcaster (as a bonus, commercial broadcasting was started), broadcasting time was expanded again, and private broadcasting was allowed, leading to rapid commercialization. In the process, problems such as parachute issues and categorical collusion occurred, but it is true that it has become much more interesting than during the Ceauşescu era. However, at the same time, Romania's broadcasting environment is similar to Taiwan's in that there are no channels with viewership ratings exceeding 10% and the country's terrestrial channels have been destroyed. Therefore, not only American dramas but also various foreign dramas such as Indian dramas , Turkic dramas , and telenovelas are being imported. Because of this, many Korean dramas have been aired, and K-POP is also a hit. The case of Japanese, Chinese, Hong Kong and Taiwanese dramas is unknown.
- Romania is a country that does not allow same-sex marriage, so it is taking steps to block the acceptance of same-sex marriage through constitutional amendments, such as holding a referendum on October 6 and 7, 2018 to ask for and against changing the constitutional concept of marriage from 'union between spouses' to 'union between a man and a woman'. Related article . However, it was defeated in a referendum. Related article .
- In Romania, soccer players even came out wearing uniforms with mathematical formulas written on them.
- In Romania, there are no public holidays in February, March, July, August, September, and October, and there is no substitute holiday system. Until then, there will be no public holidays on weekdays.
- In Romania, there is an amusement park 120 meters underground. The name Salina Turda was created by converting a salt mine.
- In English, Romania and pronunciations are close to low -mei. In Romanian, România and pronunciation are close to Romania.[22] The etymology is Latin romanus, and because it is an English Roman (Roman, Roman), Romania's "Ruma" means Rome. Prior to the 70's, the United States was written in Rumania or Roumania in the United States.
15. diplomacy
more detailsRomania/Diplomatic documentcastPlease note.16. Romanian nationality/character
※ Excluding works from those countries.
Romanian stereotypes are very extreme, unlike Romania's recognition. ① Vampire ② Dracula ③ Come out with one of the vampesches. Reddit's user summarizes representative characters in 31 European countries from Japanese animation. Romania has four vampires, and three were characters related to Vladcheshush. In this survey , 35 out of 37 are characterized by vampires.
Romanian stereotypes are very extreme, unlike Romania's recognition. ① Vampire ② Dracula ③ Come out with one of the vampesches. Reddit's user summarizes representative characters in 31 European countries from Japanese animation. Romania has four vampires, and three were characters related to Vladcheshush. In this survey , 35 out of 37 are characterized by vampires.
- D.Grayman - Aleister Crowley III
- Battle K Road - Tissa Yuling
- Queen's Blade Grimoire - Hansel and Gretel
- The best sister in the world - Maria Lunalady Blackhazel, Dorothy Iblis Blackhazel, Lili Supiel, Lina Supiel, Heinrich Milvas Blackhazel, Isabelle Blackhazel.
- Hi Francesca - Francesca 's family
- Tough Guy - Madisha
- Hello Cabot - Cula
- AVA - Eva Maria Borel
- Shin Bong-seon 's alt- capsaicin
17. Related Links
18. look around
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[informality] There is no national flower specified in the Constitution.[2] Unusually in Romania, there is no anniversary corresponding to the national foundation day of other countries. Instead, the day when Moldavia and Wallachia became one country is called 'Ziua Micii Uniri', and Transylvania is also incorporated to form Romania. The day of the country's union is celebrated as 'Ziua Marii Uniri' (Great Unity Day) or 'Ziua Națională a României' (Romanian National Day). You can get a glimpse of the national consciousness of the Romanians that only when all three regions come together can it be called a complete Romania.[3] #[4] #[5] Other languages such as Hungarian and German are recognized as regional languages.[6] Until the mid-1970s, it was recorded as November 3rd, but it was later changed to October 26th .[7] The original song was rewritten and changed into the national anthem.[8] Due to its influence on Eastern European culture, it is sometimes classified as an Eastern European country.[9] However, the dromaeosaur theropod Balaur did not undergo island dwarfing.[10] It is said that the 1977 earthquake happened during the Ceausescu regime, and because of that, they only focused on pushing away the ruins, ignoring the rescue of survivors.[11] Hungarian and German were banned during the communist regime, but are used after democratization. Herta Müller, winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature , was from the German minority in Romania. She suffered hardships while working in German under Ceausescu's rule and fled to West Germany .[12] It is already determined at school, not options.[13] Before World War II, about 700,000 people lived in Transylvania, but quite a few left when the Wehrmacht withdrew from Romania at the end of World War II. Although they lived, most emigrated to Germany after the collapse of the communist regime, and now only about 20,000 remain.[14] The National Liberal Party was established in 1875 as a Romanian liberal party. In 1947, the Romanian Communist Party was disbanded and re -founded in 1990 with the Romanian Revolution. In the 2016 election, he was defeated by the Romanian Social Democratic Party and became an opposition party.[15] Romanian Orthodox Church , Serbian Orthodox Church , Roman Catholic Church , Melkite Greek Catholic Church , Russian Orthodox Church , Armenian Apostolic Church , Calvinist Reformed Church , Evangelical Church of Christ, Romanian Evangelical Church, Augsburg Evangelical Church (Lutheran), Lutheran Evangelical Church, Unitarian , Baptist Church , Pentecostal Church , Seventh-day Adventist Church , Jehovah's Witnesses , Judaism , and Islam .[16] The Orthodox Church was so powerful and influential that the communist regime could not actively suppress it and had a collusion with it, but the Eastern Catholic Church, which was a minority sect and relatively difficult to resist, was easily suppressed. This was not much different in the Soviet Union .[17] That's why the Hungarian flag is hung inside the church, and worship is in Hungarian, but not in Romanian.[18] See football magazine football Weekly every other week.[19] Two of them were Olympic gold medalists.[20] For your information, Alina, the older sister of director Mun Ji-woo, is famous in Romania as a progressive political researcher, journalist, and playwright. In particular, her play The Evangelical, written by Alina, was controversial for its content that was critical of religion. Her father is a doctor and her mother is a literature teacher, so her family itself is an academic intellectual family.[21] The above is an excerpt from pages 570-571 of The End of an Empire and the Birth of Intelligence[22] Actually North Korea The name of the cultural language is 'Romania'.[23] It was first discovered in an orphanage in Romania. And hometown is unknown.[24] from Transylvania .[25] It is ambiguous to determine nationality, but he is from Balahia.[26] The name is Romanian.[27] Although 47's nationality is clearly not Romanian, he is a cloned synthetic human born in a laboratory disguised as a psychiatric hospital in Satu Mare, Romania.[28] In fact , it is named after Vlad III, who became the model for Dracula .
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