Algeria

north africa A republic located on the Mediterranean coast . The capital is Algiers .

To the west , Morocco and the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic ;[10] It borders Mauritania , Mali , and Niger to the south, and Libya and Tunisia to the east . And although it does not border directly, neighboring countries just across the Mediterranean Sea to the north include Spain and France , and it is not far from Gibraltar .

The etymology of Algeria is the Arabic 'Al-Jazāʾir', in the Algerian Arabic dialect it is 'Ezāir' (الدزاير / ed-Dzāyir), in Berber it is 'Zair' (ⴷⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ / Ddzayr) or 'Zair' (ⴷⵣⴰⵢⵔ / Dzayr), and in Kabylie it is 'Lezzayer' (ⵍⴻⵣⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ). The country code top-level domain of Algeria , .dz, is derived from this Algerian Arabic or Berber notation. 'Al' in Al-Jazāʾir is the Arabic definite article . In Arabic-speaking countries, the definite article Al is sometimes included in the national name, but it is omitted in foreign national names used domestically and internationally. However, due to French influence, Algeria is the only country known worldwide for its national name including the definite article.

Al-Jazair is originally an Arabic name for the capital, Algiers . The name of the capital soon became the name of the country. Jazair is the plural form of 'Jazīra (جزيرة / Jazīra, ' island ')'. Currently, the island has disappeared due to reclamation, but when the Berbers first established a city here, there were islands off the coast. Under French Algeria , Aljazair was known as 'Alger', a French expression, and the place name suffix -ie was added to the name of the country to call it 'Algérie'.[11]), the word-final r /ʁ/ phoneme is silenced. And as Alger added -ie, it was changed to é to preserve the phonetic value of e (/e/).] The Korean name was borrowed from this French name. In other language countries, the name is used by changing the -ie from Algérie to a native language suffix. Representative examples include Algeria in English or Algerien in German.

The official name of Algeria is the 'People's Democratic Republic of Algeria'. This is because Algerian independence activists received a lot of help from the Soviet Union while fighting against France and advocated socialism. Although they did not adopt a socialist economic system, Algeria showed a pro-Soviet and anti-American tendency for a long time even though it belonged to the Third World after independence . Modern Algeria's diplomatic tendency is to generally get along well with the United States, Russia, and China.

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It is the largest country in Africa . At the same time, it is the 10th largest country in the world. Although it doesn't look like it on the map , it boasts an area larger than Greenland . It has the largest territory among the Arab League member countries. Also, if North Africa is included in the Middle East, it becomes the largest country in the Middle East. For more details, please refer to the country's land area ranking . In addition , it is the second largest country among countries that primarily believe in Islam, after Kazakhstan .[12] As of July 9, 2011, before South Sudan gained independence, Sudan was the largest country in Africa, the 10th largest country in the world, and the largest country in the Arab League. Algeria was the second largest country on the African continent after Sudan, the 11th largest country in the world, and the second largest country in the Arab League. However, with South Sudan's independence, Algeria rose to first place in Africa and the Arab League. As a side note, since the independence of South Sudan, the second largest country in the Arab League is Saudi Arabia , and in the Arab League, these two countries alone have an area of ​​over 2,000,000 km². However, since about 90% of the country is Sahara , the actual usable area is only a portion of the coastal region. Even that is underdeveloped. Of course, the Sahara, like Saudi Arabia, has many resources, including gas and oil. There are many cities and villages within the inland area. In addition, the northern region of Algeria was a strategic point connecting Africa and Europe and had a good climate, so France tried to permanently occupy it.

Batna is the lowest temperature in Algeria. The minimum temperature record of this place is minus 20 ℃ on January 4, 1945. This is one of the best records on the African continent. Jeonbuk on latitude It is similar to Gochang -gun and Ulsan Metropolitan City (35 degrees 30 minutes north latitude).

There are plateaus and mountainous areas along the northern Mediterranean coast and the Atlas Mountains . Batna is located on the plateau and mountainous area where the Atlas Mountains pass. The altitude of Batna is 1,048m. Excluding this area, most of it belongs to the Sahara Desert .

Like other North African countries, the borders are straight.

Algeria is a country located between the Sahara Desert and the Atlas Mountains, so its flora and fauna are diverse. First of all, the Barbary sheep and Barbary monkey live in the Atlas Mountains, while the dromedary camel , long-horned oryx , and desert fox live in the Sahara Desert. At one time, the Barbary lion and the Atlas brown bear also lived there.

It has enormous resource reserves and global share, such as oil (4th in the world ), natural gas ( 5th in the world), manganese (3rd in the world), mercury (3rd in the world), lead (5th in the world), cobalt (2nd in the world), barium ( 5th in the world ), and phosphate (8th in the world). It is also rich in iron ore, coal , and all other resources that are still untapped . Because the land is so large, it has everything from a Mediterranean climate ( temperate climate ) with snow in the winter to a steppe climate and a desert climate .

Economically, the problem is that we are too dependent on resource exports, with underground resource exports accounting for 97% to 98% of total exports. Therefore, there is almost no domestic industrial production and economic foundation, and Algeria's economic status is unstable to the point that it fluctuates depending on the price of natural resources. Although Algeria did not try to solve this problem, its heavy industry investment policy failed due to a plunge in oil prices and a surge in debt in the 1980s. This became one of the causes of the Algerian civil war .

The desert occupies most of the country, but because the country is so vast, the area of ​​cultivable land excluding the desert climate is larger than that of the Korean Peninsula . Food prices are low, perhaps because agricultural land with a rich and warm climate is widely distributed around the northern region and oases , and many fruits and vegetables such as oranges and grapes , as well as olives and date palms , that are consumed domestically are grown. Overall, the situation is much better than nearby Egypt , which has a similar agricultural land problem.

France also valued Algeria highly in the past and was unwilling to give it up, even to the point of risking war and massacre. During the French Third Republic (1870-1940), according to the French Constitution, mainland France consisted of European France and Algeria-France . Other French colonies were managed as separate governing bodies rather than French land according to the French Constitution, and only Algeria was constituted as mainland France and the French Constitution was applied. Even after World War II, Algeria was once again treated as mainland France until Charles de Gaulle came to power.[23] Only when Charles de Gaulle came to power did he change Algeria into a colonial province and later recognize its independence.

During World War II, the French went so far as to say that Algeria was the same as mainland France to Allied generals and politicians. The reason is that Algeria is rich in all kinds of geographical elements with great potential, such as enormous resources, from rich agricultural lands and scenic summer resorts (conditions for the development of natural resources such as hydro and wind). Since there are many tourist attractions ranging from ancient ruins to ancient ruins, there is a high possibility that the country will become a world-class tourism powerhouse.

In addition, thanks to these advantages, there are conflicts and various problems arising from oppression by foreign powers, and above all, it is suffering from the typical problems of a rain-fed economy that is too dependent on resource exports. The Arab Spring was a time of high oil prices, so they managed to overcome it by providing subsidies, but they failed to diversify the industry, and in the mid-2010s, oil prices fell rapidly and government finances rapidly decreased, leading to a serious economic crisis. In addition to these internal problems, unemployment is so serious that the youth unemployment rate is over 10% as announced by the government, but in reality it is as high as 30%, so many young people are going to France, Spain, Italy, Germany, etc. to find jobs. To make matters worse, Algeria has a serious water shortage due to worsening desertification, and food prices are continuing to rise. Of course, it is not just Algeria's problem, but neighboring Egypt, North Africa and the entire Arab region, as well as Israel, Turkey and Iran, are suffering from problems such as desertification and water shortages.

Based on IMF statistics in 2024 , GDP per capita is $5,579, which is higher than Ukraine but lower than El Salvador , barely exceeding the threshold for a middle-income country .

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Algeria has a lot of good tourist destinations, but as with visa problems and inconvenience in traveling, the inconvenience of traveling, the third world's backward countries, it is now at the current level of Moroccana or Egypt because of racism and domestic infrastructure.

Among North African countries , there is no visa exemption agreement with Korea, and there is no visa system, visa on arrival or electronic visa, so a visa must be issued in advance. Unlike neighboring Tunisia and Morocco , which can be visited without a visa due to a visa exemption agreement with Korea, and Egypt , where you can receive a visa on arrival or an electronic visa , you have to obtain a visa in advance from the embassy to go there, and issuance is very cumbersome.[25][26] In principle, foreigners are prohibited from moving individually by land.[27] Unlike Morocco and Tunisia, which have many travel stories, there are not many stories of people who have traveled to Algeria or traveled to all three countries that border these countries.[28]

The Kasbah, the old town of Algiers, the capital, is a famous tourist destination that has been designated as a UNESCO cultural heritage site, but it is famous for being infested with pickpockets and the streets are like a maze, so it is easy to get lost, so if you really want to go, be sure to participate in a program accompanied by a guide.

In addition, there are the remains of underground waterways dug by the ancient Gaetulians, Arab Islamic ruins such as mosques , and the cities along the Mediterranean coast have a mild climate that is warm in winter and not too hot in summer, and to the south, you can also visit the Sahara Desert and oasis tours. There are also unique landscapes, especially Constantine in the east , a city made up of numerous canyons, with arched bridges built during the Roman era to connect the canyons, and many beautiful Roman sculptures. You can watch drone footage of Constantine on YouTube.

Except for large hotels and large shopping malls in Algiers, most stores do not accept credit cards.[29] It is inconvenient for shopping as you must exchange money for local currency. In addition, foreign currency export control is also strict, so it is necessary to take good care of currency exchange-related evidence as customs officers strictly check local currency and foreign currency possession when leaving the country at the airport.

Because there are such diverse ruins and environments, Islamic extremism is controlled, and security is not very unstable,[30] If the difficulty of visa issuance is lowered or visa-free is changed in the future, it is highly likely to grow into a tourism powerhouse similar to Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia.

Soccer is the most popular. See the Algerian National Team Team for the National Team. Korea was defeated by Algeria during the 2014 Brazil World Cup .

The problem is that the soccer league fever is too hot. On July 24, 2014, after a match between JS Kabile and USM Algiers in the Algerian League, a spectator who was excited about the team's loss threw a stone into the stadium, and JS Kabile's Alberto Ebose (24) was hit to death by a stone. The Algerian Professional Football Association suspended the league indefinitely due to this accident.

In the 2014 CAF Champions League , ES Setif won 2 draws against AS Vita ( Democratic Republic of the Congo ) (2-2, 1-1 away goals advantage) and won the title for the first time in 26 years (of course, another Algerian club, JS Kabile, won this tournament before, but that was in 1990), advancing to the Club World Cup for the first time as an Algerian club .

In the past mission information and religion -related books, Christianity (Catholic, Full Pavilion, including Protestantism), is one of the most hateful countries. This is almost the level of extremist Islamic states that use Christian repressions such as North Korea or Sharia law.

Historically, however, Algeria's Christian hate was caused by strong suppression under French colonies. France over 130 years The colonial rule and the Algerian war caused more than 2 million deaths, and the French religious oppression policy caused great hatred about Christianity. In the end, discrimination and terrorism against Christianity has been continued since the beginning of independence. In addition, in recent years, in 1996, Catholics were dispatched to help the local residents in 1996. There were events in which the monks were executed as a group by Islamic extremists.[31] As the internal problems such as Islamic radicals and conflicts, military and private government conflicts, and tribal conflicts deepened, the tendency to insist on Islamic fundamentalism even in private and military.

This continued beyond the 21st century, and in 2003 the French catholic Nuns were hacked to death alive by radicals, and in 2005, a French Catholic Even though the priest was hacked to death for a long time and painfully killed, the culprit in these incidents was never caught. There are also claims that the Algerian government is deliberately turning a blind eye, even though the extremists are extremists. And in 2008, a bill recognizing only Islam was passed, missionaries were unconditionally expelled and banned from entering the country, and 56 churches were forcibly closed by mobilizing the police and military. However, after 2011, extremism subsided slightly, and as the Algerian government implemented conciliatory policies such as recognizing Protestant churches in 2011, discrimination against Christians also decreased slightly. However, it is said that terrorism and persecution of Christians have increased again in 2016. Note 1 Note 2 In other words, it has become impossible to determine whether extremism is fading or rising again.

Even today, Algeria is an Arab socialist country recognized even in Africa. Most Arab socialist countries are pro-China , pro-Russia , pro-North Korea , anti-West , and authoritarian . Even in modern times, when the Baathist and Nasserist states have disappeared, Algeria remains one of the few Arab socialist countries like Palestine and the Saharan Arab Democratic Republic.

In fact, indigenous Christians also live in Algeria, and they coexist with Christians who have lived there for generations even after independence. Of course, it is said that damage was suffered when extremism was severe. It is said that the current situation seems to be better than before, but the persecution of Christians has recently become more severe and has become a troubling situation. These people cannot openly hold religious events or worship at churches, etc., but rather gather together for social gatherings or monthly meetings and then worship, with a small number of villagers gathering together to worship.

As mentioned above, the persecution of other religions is serious, the most Islamic , and nominal state religion, but the culture of its own people itself is strong like neighboring Morocco and Tunisia .[32] If you look at the Algerian song or various music videos, women don't use hijab . For reference, this country's weekend is Friday and Saturday instead of Saturday and Sunday .[33] Because of this, Sunday in Algeria is just a weekday.

During the French independence struggle, both men and women fought against the French without discrimination, and women sacrificed a lot. After independence from France, the second president of Algeria, the second president of the Algeria, has implemented a policy to defeat the opposition of conservative Islamic forces and expand women's interests. Even now, women's university entrance rate is high, and the proportion of women in the legal and medical communities is so high that it is so well over half.

In fact, Islamic extremism is spreading among Algerian immigrants living in France because Saudi Arabia actively preaches and invests in Wahhabism for the purpose of spreading Islam in France. It is ironic considering that many French Algerian people are descendants of people who originally opposed the Algerian independence movement and collaborated with French colonial rule and were driven out to France after Algerian independence.

In 2011 , a revolution broke out in Tunisia and the fire spread to Algeria. The situation in Tunisia before the revolution was similar to Algeria. In particular, there is nothing different about the increase in unemployment as prices soar due to the failure of economic and distribution policies. For detailed progress, see Arab Spring . Protests also broke out in 2019, and President Abdelaziz Bouteflika resigned on April 2. He announced that he would dissolve parliament and hold early general elections in February 2021. # Although it is a bit late, the response from the Algerian people is good.

High schools and universities in Algeria There is no registration fee .

On October 19, 2018, Algeria bans wearing the niqab at work. #

Most people who live in Algeria, the Libyan region and the territory spanning the Sahara Desert, smoke hash (some also smoke cannabis, which is the same species). Azer wei a tea) is also sung. The sunlight is so strong from 1:00 to 3:00 that I take a break from work and soothe my mind and body after working in the morning. This is not limited to the suburbs, but also to resorts such as Algiers, the capital, and Oran, a city on the Mediterranean coast. After lunch between 1:00 and 3:00, we have tea time, and we openly smoke hash at home or in public places. They think that cannabis is smoked by the lower classes, so they smoke hash that has no smell and is not disgusting. In the 1990s, a period of economic hardship, many people protested against the government trying to cover taxes with cannabis and hash, and this unrest is called the 'Hash crisis' in Algeria. However, Algeria is not a country that is tolerant of all drugs. Except for hash and cannabis, psychotropic drugs are strictly prohibited, and the public view of drug addicts is also bad.

According to an Algerian citizen, alcohol makes the body and mind dizzy and confused and is bad for health, whereas hash only has the function of relaxing the mind. It is the first country to culturally establish cannabis, called hash. In fact, the areas where cannabis as a recreational drug, not hemp as a crop, began to be smoked in the Islamic Middle East and North India, mainly among Sufist mystical meditators and wandering ascetics of the late Middle Ages and early modern times, are quite different from the perception of cannabis as a general 'drug'. Countries dominated by oppressive political Islamism, such as Iran and the theocratic states of the Arabian Peninsula, where even foreigners will be lightly punished for drinking a drop of alcohol, are also particularly lenient on cannabis. In fact, if you look closely, those countries also push for strict prohibition laws on the surface even if all people drink it, but when it comes to marijuana, unless they openly say, "Let's arrest me," the public authorities see it as a harmless deviant act and overlook it. The Americans in the Vietnam War , who were tired of living in a military stationed overseas centered on a ruthless guerrilla war, took marijuana and spread it to their home country, the Spanish Army during the conflicts in Morocco and Western Sahara , and the French Army in the Algerian War are similar.

Jennayer, which has been designated as a representative national event since 2018, is also a traditional New Year representing Algeria.

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Arabic is designated as the official language . The Arabic language spoken in Algeria is the Maghreb dialect, which belongs to the Arabic dialect . And in Algeria, French is widely used due to French rule and influence. However, due to the influence of French rule and oppression, Algeria has not joined the Francophony . In addition, Berber languages, including Kabil , and some English , Spanish , and Russian are also used. All documents submitted or issued to government offices are written only in Arabic.

Prime Minister Abdelaziz Gerard strongly recommended teaching English and Chinese in addition to Arabic and French at the opening ceremony of educational broadcasting TV in Algeria. #

On July 31, 2022, Algeria announced that it would provide parallel education in English and French starting from elementary school. #

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