Luxembourg
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- Luxembourg
- Western European countries
- European Union
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- grand duchy
- Francophonie
- Developed countries
- Democratic country
- West Germanic country
- A multi-ethnic country centered on a specific ethnic group
- 유럽 평의회 회원국
- landlocked country
- Countries where plug Type C is used
- Countries where plug Type F is used
- OECD member countries
Luxembourg, LuxembourgIsIt is connected here.Belgiumthe contents aboutLuxembourg documentcast, German and Polish communist revolutionariesthe contents aboutRosa Luxembourg documentcast, meaning other thanthe contents aboutLuxembourg (disambiguation) documentcastPlease note.[ Expand/Collapse ]
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1. outline2. symbol3. politics4. administrative district5. history6. population7. language8. economy9. Military10. society11. culture12. diplomacy
12.1. Relations with Korea12.2. Belgium , relationship with the Netherlands12.3. Relations with Germany12.4. relationship with France
13. tourism14. look around1. outline
The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg), commonly known as Luxembourg (Lëtzebuerg), is a constitutional monarchy located in Western Europe . The last remaining Grand Duchy in Europe[9] Accordingly, the size of the country is very small.[10] However, since it has a population of over 500,000 and an area of over 1,000 km2 , it is not classified as a mini-country . It is also an incredibly wealthy country, ranking first in the world in GDP per capita due to the tax haven effect .
The capital is Luxembourg , the same as the name . Benelux is composed with the Netherlands and Belgium . Although the size of the country is quite small, it is adjacent to three countries in Germany, France and Belgium.
2. symbol
2.1. country name
The official name in Luxembourgish is Grand Duchy of Lëtzebuerg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg) . Built in 963 in the center of what is now Luxembourg City.[11] The surname Bockfiels is an Old High German word meaning 'small castle' or 'small fortress' in the Holy Roman Empire . It originates from the name Lucilinburhuc .[12]
As can be seen from the name of the country, there is a Grand Duke . The Luxembourg dynasty , which originally ruled this land, once occupied the throne of the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Bohemia , as well as the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Croatia , but now the family has disappeared and only the place name remains.[13] As a family that once ruled many parts of Europe, the name Luxembourg or Luxembourg can be found in various places as it spread to various parts of Europe through its descendants even after it was ruled or pushed out of power. An example is the Luxembourg Palace in Paris , France .
As can be seen from the name of the country, there is a Grand Duke . The Luxembourg dynasty , which originally ruled this land, once occupied the throne of the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Bohemia , as well as the Kingdom of Hungary and the Kingdom of Croatia , but now the family has disappeared and only the place name remains.[13] As a family that once ruled many parts of Europe, the name Luxembourg or Luxembourg can be found in various places as it spread to various parts of Europe through its descendants even after it was ruled or pushed out of power. An example is the Luxembourg Palace in Paris , France .
2.2. flag
more detailsLuxembourg/flag documentcastPlease note.2.3. nation
more detailsOur Motherland (Luxembourg) documentcastPlease note.3. politics
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Luxembourg political information | ||
78 points | 2025 , 8th in the world | |
84.13 points | 2026 , 9th in the world | |
9.08 points | 2025 , 9th in the world | |
Although it is a constitutional monarchy , it operates a parliamentary system ( parliamentary cabinet system , cabinet responsibility system ). The D'Chamber is composed of 60 members, and the term of office is 5 years. The country is divided into four electoral districts (Central: 21 seats, East: 7 seats, North: 9 seats, South: 23 seats), and an open list proportional representation system is adopted. In other words, you can vote for as many candidates as there are candidates elected in the constituency.[14] Here, you can vote for multiple political parties (split voting system) or vote up to two votes for one candidate (cumulative voting system).
Although the compulsory voting system was adopted in 1919, it has virtually become a thing of the past. Nevertheless, voter turnout is high, usually fluctuating between 90% and ±1% .
4. administrative district
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more detailsLuxembourg/Administrative District documentcastPlease note.Luxembourg has 12 states and 100 communes.[15][16] Until October 2, 2015, there was a district as the highest administrative district.[17] Size of Luxembourg[18] Therefore, districts, states, and communes correspond to cities ( urban-rural cities ), towns/myeons, and ri, respectively, in Korea. The name of the representative local government in each region is the same as the name of the parent local government. So, the address of Luxembourg City, the capital of Luxembourg, is Luxembourg City, Luxembourg District, Luxembourg State, Luxembourg State.[19] There was a time.
5. history
more detailsLuxembourg/History documentcastPlease note.6. population
more detailsLuxembourg/population documentcastPlease note.7. language
more detailsLuxembourgish documentcastPlease note.
related document:Language Discrimination/Cases[Language Regulations Act of February 1984]
Art. 1er. Langue nationale
La langue nationale des Luxembourgeois est le luxembourgeois.Article 1 - Korean
The national language of Luxembourg is Luxembourgish.Art. 2. Langue de la législation
Les actes législatifs et leurs règlements d´exécution sont rédigés en français. Lorsque les actes législatifs et
réglementaires sont accompagnés d´une traduction, seul le texte français fait foi.(...)Article 2 - Legislative language
Legislative acts and enforcement decrees shall be drawn up in French. When accompanied by a translation, only French is acceptable.Art. 3. Langues administratives et judiciaires
En matiére administrative, (...), et en matière judiciaire, il peut être fait usage des langues française, allemande ou luxembourgeoise(...)Article 3 Administrative and legal language
(Strategy) French, German and Luxembourgish are (omitted) available in administration and law.Art. 4. Requêtes administratives
Lorsqu´une requête est rédigée en luxembourgeois, en français ou en allemand, l´administration doit
se servir, dans la mesure du possible, pour sa réponse de la langue choisie par le requérant.
(...)Article 4 - Administrative Petition
If the petition is written in Luxembourgish, French or German, the authorities should, if possible, use the language in which the petition is written for their reply.
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language of luxembourg | ||||
language | Korean | legislative language | administrative language | judicial language |
O | X* | O | O | |
X | O | O | O | |
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*: Not specified in the law, but being used in parliamentary non-document fields (debate, etc.) | ||||
Luxembourg is multilingual, with many expatriates and workers from neighboring countries crossing the border to work every day. An introduction to the state of language in the Luxembourg Government (English)
According to the Language Regulations Act of February 1984, which was enacted based on Article 29 of the Luxembourg Constitution, Luxembourgish is the ‘national, administrative and judicial language’, French is the ‘legislative, administrative and judicial language’, and German is the ‘administrative and judicial language’. ' is stipulated.
The order of language exposure through education is Luxembourgish → German → French is in order
French serves as the de facto official language. First of all, only French is used for legislative activities.[21] To be precise, writing, such as drafting bills, is done in French, and speaking, such as debating, is done in Luxembourgish (until the 1980s, discussions were held in French). As a result, Luxembourgish laws are written exclusively in French, and French is prominent in other public areas as well. Luxembourg is a member of the Francophonie , and French is consistently used on international stages such as the UN and the EU .[22]
Luxembourgish was only made a national language in 1984 . Since it has not been established as an individual language for a long time, the vocabulary is insufficient and the spelling system is not unified. Therefore, it is used only for non-professional and short daily conversations among natives. Interestingly, in the south, where the capital is located, French vocabulary is mixed, and in the north, German vocabulary is borrowed.[23] If you talk to the locals, there are often people who still recognize their native language as a German dialect. Because it is the national language and the government encourages its use, the usage rate itself is high . So, while it is true that French still holds an important place in Luxembourg, locals tend not to welcome long-term residents of Luxembourg who do not speak Luxembourgish .
German is more commonly seen as a written form of Luxembourgish than as an administrative language . For example, if you report something in Luxembourgish at the police station , they will dictate it in German and give you a statement . It is similar to the principle of writing in the standard language even if you use a dialect. Luxembourgers have a subtle relationship with German. If you are too poor at German, you are considered uneducated, but if you are too fluent, you are not considered a true Luxembourger. This seems to be a notion that arose after Luxembourg's independent identity was formed after the German occupation in World War II . Although Luxembourgish has a high level of affinity with German because it shares common roots with German, that does not mean that they welcome German at all.[24] So, unlike French, German is only a writing language, and is not often spoken. Of course, if you speak to them in German, they will respond in German.
German and Luxembourgish are mainly used in primary education, and French is mainly used in middle and high school education. Luxembourgish vocabulary is still lacking, so it has a role to supplement.
As a result, Luxembourg native people are multilingual speakers, and the higher the level of education, the more fluent in French and German.[25] On the other hand, foreign workers and immigrants do not want to learn Luxembourg.In particular, the French and Belgian governments, who speak French, encourage immigrants to learn Korean, but they don't feel necessary because they don't have any problems in their daily lives if they know only French. I used French from the government ...
In the south, including Luxembourg City, French is the main language. In everyday life, such as in stores or restaurants, French is the first language to be used for conversation. This is because more than half of the people do not speak Luxembourgish, and the natives speak French anyway. In particular, Portuguese is heard more often than Luxembourgish in the metropolitan area, where many descendants of Portuguese immigrated after World War II. In addition, there are thousands of immigrants from Cape Verde , which was a Portuguese colony until 1975. On the other hand, Luxembourgish and German are clearly more commonly used as you go north.
Although English is not an institutionally designated language, it serves as a de facto second official language. As a country with many world-class accounting firms, English-speaking personnel is important, so English is taught starting from middle and high school education.In elementary school, it's hectic trying to learn three languages. In particular, the capital is a place where the four major accountants, investment banks, and European Union organizations are closely related, so there are many foreigners who work and live in English without knowing a word of Luxembourgish. At least in Luxembourg, most public institutions allow communication in English and there are no major problems with living there. However, as mentioned earlier, the basic language is French, so even if you use English at work, knowing a few words of French is essential in everyday life.
Newspapers and broadcasting have traditionally used German, but are increasingly using French. In terms of type, there are slightly more German newspapers,[26] There are more French-language newspapers in terms of circulation or number of subscribers. For broadcasting, the main language of the RTL channel is Luxembourgish .[27]
According to the Language Regulations Act of February 1984, which was enacted based on Article 29 of the Luxembourg Constitution, Luxembourgish is the ‘national, administrative and judicial language’, French is the ‘legislative, administrative and judicial language’, and German is the ‘administrative and judicial language’. ' is stipulated.
The order of language exposure through education is Luxembourgish → German → French is in order
French serves as the de facto official language. First of all, only French is used for legislative activities.[21] To be precise, writing, such as drafting bills, is done in French, and speaking, such as debating, is done in Luxembourgish (until the 1980s, discussions were held in French). As a result, Luxembourgish laws are written exclusively in French, and French is prominent in other public areas as well. Luxembourg is a member of the Francophonie , and French is consistently used on international stages such as the UN and the EU .[22]
Luxembourgish was only made a national language in 1984 . Since it has not been established as an individual language for a long time, the vocabulary is insufficient and the spelling system is not unified. Therefore, it is used only for non-professional and short daily conversations among natives. Interestingly, in the south, where the capital is located, French vocabulary is mixed, and in the north, German vocabulary is borrowed.[23] If you talk to the locals, there are often people who still recognize their native language as a German dialect. Because it is the national language and the government encourages its use, the usage rate itself is high . So, while it is true that French still holds an important place in Luxembourg, locals tend not to welcome long-term residents of Luxembourg who do not speak Luxembourgish .
German is more commonly seen as a written form of Luxembourgish than as an administrative language . For example, if you report something in Luxembourgish at the police station , they will dictate it in German and give you a statement . It is similar to the principle of writing in the standard language even if you use a dialect. Luxembourgers have a subtle relationship with German. If you are too poor at German, you are considered uneducated, but if you are too fluent, you are not considered a true Luxembourger. This seems to be a notion that arose after Luxembourg's independent identity was formed after the German occupation in World War II . Although Luxembourgish has a high level of affinity with German because it shares common roots with German, that does not mean that they welcome German at all.[24] So, unlike French, German is only a writing language, and is not often spoken. Of course, if you speak to them in German, they will respond in German.
German and Luxembourgish are mainly used in primary education, and French is mainly used in middle and high school education. Luxembourgish vocabulary is still lacking, so it has a role to supplement.
As a result, Luxembourg native people are multilingual speakers, and the higher the level of education, the more fluent in French and German.[25] On the other hand, foreign workers and immigrants do not want to learn Luxembourg.
In the south, including Luxembourg City, French is the main language. In everyday life, such as in stores or restaurants, French is the first language to be used for conversation. This is because more than half of the people do not speak Luxembourgish, and the natives speak French anyway. In particular, Portuguese is heard more often than Luxembourgish in the metropolitan area, where many descendants of Portuguese immigrated after World War II. In addition, there are thousands of immigrants from Cape Verde , which was a Portuguese colony until 1975. On the other hand, Luxembourgish and German are clearly more commonly used as you go north.
Although English is not an institutionally designated language, it serves as a de facto second official language. As a country with many world-class accounting firms, English-speaking personnel is important, so English is taught starting from middle and high school education.
Newspapers and broadcasting have traditionally used German, but are increasingly using French. In terms of type, there are slightly more German newspapers,[26] There are more French-language newspapers in terms of circulation or number of subscribers. For broadcasting, the main language of the RTL channel is Luxembourgish .[27]
Former Prime Minister Xavier Bettel’s press conference.[28] He is a native speaker of three languages except English, and his English skills are also at a high level.
In addition, it is one of the Benelux countries, and among the Benelux countries, the Dutch influence is strong, so the Dutch language is quite commonly used in the private sector. Although not an official language, many people learn and understand Dutch.
In addition, it is one of the Benelux countries, and among the Benelux countries, the Dutch influence is strong, so the Dutch language is quite commonly used in the private sector. Although not an official language, many people learn and understand Dutch.
8. economy
more detailsLuxembourg/Economy documentcastPlease note.Companies with high sales are headquartered by imposing low taxes in favor of companies. In fact, even though they do business in the United States or other countries in Europe, they only receive payments here, but it is said that the country is small in size and is filling the national treasury by attracting world-famous companies.
9. Military
10. society
Quite often, Luxembourgers have a French first name + German last name.[29]
There are many foreigners. The foreign population is 290,000, accounting for 47% of the population. There are over 170 nationalities alone. However, most of them are from countries not far away, such as Portugal , France , Germany , Italy , and Belgium . In particular , Portuguese people account for over 16% of the foreigners. And as mentioned above, due to Portuguese influence, Portuguese is widely used.
Many people abroad are considered immigration, but they are quite difficult to use three languages. Usually, if you immigrate to Luxembourg, you will be the most immigrant to employment after studying abroad. If you have been living in Luxembourg, you can receive unemployment benefits at 80% to 85% for up to 24 months, depending on the conditions. Over the end of the period, the salary ratio decreases and job seeking activities should be combined to meet the conditions.[30]
There are many foreigners. The foreign population is 290,000, accounting for 47% of the population. There are over 170 nationalities alone. However, most of them are from countries not far away, such as Portugal , France , Germany , Italy , and Belgium . In particular , Portuguese people account for over 16% of the foreigners. And as mentioned above, due to Portuguese influence, Portuguese is widely used.
Many people abroad are considered immigration, but they are quite difficult to use three languages. Usually, if you immigrate to Luxembourg, you will be the most immigrant to employment after studying abroad. If you have been living in Luxembourg, you can receive unemployment benefits at 80% to 85% for up to 24 months, depending on the conditions. Over the end of the period, the salary ratio decreases and job seeking activities should be combined to meet the conditions.[30]
11. culture
more detailsLuxembourg/Culture documentcastPlease note.12. diplomacy
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12.1. 
Relations with Korea
more detailsKorea-Luxembourg Relations documentcastPlease note.12.2. 
Belgium , relationship with the Netherlands
more detailsBelgium-Luxembourg relations documentcastPlease note. more detailsNetherlands-Luxembourg relations documentcastPlease note. more detailsBenelux documentcastPlease note.12.3. Relations with Germany
more detailsGermany-Luxembourg relations documentcastPlease note.12.4. relationship with France
more detailsFrance-Luxembourg relations documentcastPlease note.13. tourism
more detailsLuxembourg/Tourism documentcastPlease note.14. look around
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[1] Luxembourgish[2] French[3] Some people write Grand-Duché du Luxembourg because Luxembourg is a masculine noun, but Grand-Duché de Luxembourg is correct. The University of Luxembourg is spelled Université du Luxembourg.[4] German[5] It is similar to the combined area of Busan Metropolitan City, Ulsan Metropolitan City, and Changwon City, Gyeongsangnam-do.[6] source . There are many foreigners living in Luxembourg, and this population is all reflected. Among these, the population of Luxembourg nationals is approximately 348,000, or approximately 52.8% of the total population.[7] #[8] #[9] Monaco is also sometimes referred to as the Grand Duchy. For exact details, see the Duchy Documents and Duchy Documents.[10] It is slightly larger than Jeju Island .[11] It was not completely new, and is presumed to have been rebuilt on the remains of a fortress built during the Frankish Kingdom .[12] Later, this castle became part of the Luxembourg fortress, which defended against numerous invasions by numerous countries. When Luxembourg became a permanently neutral country in 1867 with the Second Treaty of London, the fortress was demolished, and most of the structures were lost except for the original castle built in 963 and the fort built in 1644 right next to it.[13] The House of Nassau-Weilburg, which currently rules Luxembourg, is a German He is from the Principality of Nassau .[14] So the number of voters is less than 460,000, but the total valid votes are over 2,120,000.[15] It has the same status as the commune, the lowest level local government in France. Just as Paris , the largest city and capital of France, is only one of over 36,000 communes, Luxembourg City, the largest city and capital of Luxembourg, is only one of 100 communes.[16] As of 2023, there are 100 communes. The number of communes continued to change due to the reorganization of administrative districts.[17] As of 2015, 3 districts, 12 states, 105 communes[18] It is slightly larger than Busan Metropolitan City and Ulsan Metropolitan City combined. Since Busan and Ulsan were once four counties , Dongnae (=Busan), Gijang , Ulsan , and Eonyang , Luxembourg's districts can be considered to be slightly larger than a county in Korea.[19] Among the 100 communes, there are several that have city status, including Luxembourg City.[20] Article 5 is omitted because it contains the content of scrapping old legislation that conflicts with the 1984 law.[21] The 1843 Elementary Education Act states that French should be taught. The statute is written in both German and French, which means that Luxembourgish was considered a dialect of German at the time. German was also written in legal documents in the early 1800s, but before that, only French is known.[22] Video of the Grand Duke of Luxembourg giving a speech at the United Nations (Speech in French. English translation available)[23] For example, the basic greeting is ' Moien ' derived from German '(Guten) Morgen' and ' Bonjour ' derived from French , the latter being used a lot in the metropolitan area.[24] Note . For native speakers, German is generally much easier to understand and is second only to Luxembourgish when spoken. However, socially, German is seen relatively low because French serves as the language of the upper class and the common language.[25] According to 2018 statistics, 98% of the total population can speak French , 78% can speak German , and 72% can speak Luxembourgish . First of all, it is characteristic that French and German, which are administrative languages, are used more than the native language, because almost half of the population is foreign residents. In Luxembourg, almost all citizens are fluent in three languages. There is nothing wrong with it. However, even if you speak three languages, it does not mean you are fluent in all of them. As described, only highly educated people speak perfect French or German, but if you speak French with an ordinary Luxembourger, you will immediately hear that it is slightly slurred, and you will be able to detect grammatical errors and awkward expressions. However, compared to people who learned French as a foreign language, they are much better at it.[26] The Luxembourgish press is often distributed in multiple languages, making it difficult to determine whether French or German is more prevalent. Luxembourg's largest newspaper, the Luxemburger Wort , is primarily a German-language newspaper, but frequently publishes articles in French and occasionally articles written in Luxembourgish. These days, due to the nature of the population, there is also a Portuguese version.[27] TV station number 1, RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg, broadcasts in Luxembourgish and French, and number 2 station, Den 2. RTL, broadcasts in a mixture of Luxembourgish, French, and German. News in Luxembourgish has French subtitles, but German subtitles are not available. As mentioned earlier, German is considered an auxiliary language for Luxembourgish people, so there is no need to add subtitles when broadcasting in the native language. There is no separate German radio except for RTL radio . The radio on the Luxembourg RTL website is a Luxembourgish language radio station, but the music selection is wide, including English, French, and German.[28] German (41 seconds), French (2 minutes 27 seconds), English (3 minutes 24 seconds), Luxembourgish (7 minutes 09 seconds)[29] Of course, there are cases where the paternal ancestor is French, so even the surname is French, and in the northern part of Luxembourg, on the contrary, both the first name and the surname exist in German style.[30] The source is the Luxembourg Living Guide.
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