Republic of Vietnam

Republic of Vietnam , commonly known as South Vietnam, established in 1955 From October 26, 1975 It is a country that existed south of the Vietnam Military Demarcation Line at 17 degrees north latitude until April 30 . Confronted the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) north of the Military Demarcation Line .

Vietnam was divided according to the Geneva Conventions concluded in 1954 with the ceasefire between France and the Viet Minh at the end of the First Indochina War . June 14 - 1955 October 26 ) is also included in the history of South Vietnam. In the anti-communist camp , it was also called free Vietnam or free Vietnam to distinguish it from North Vietnam depending on its political ideology .[5]

In Korea, which dispatched troops on a large scale, the Republic of Vietnam was called the Republic of South Vietnam , (Free) South Vietnam , or Vietnam , while North Vietnam was called the Viet Minh or Viet Minh (or Viet Minh) . Even in current materials related to the Vietnam War, there are many cases where the names at the time are used.

At the time, in South Vietnam, VNCH, the abbreviation of the Vietnamese Republic ( V Iệt N am C ng H òa), was widely used to refer to the country . It was an abbreviation that was officially used by the South Vietnamese government.

After the establishment of diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1992, the 'Socialist Republic of Vietnam', which was established and unified the entire North and South Vietnam, is called 'Vietnam', the former Republic of Vietnam is called South Vietnam , and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam is called North Vietnam .

In general, when we say “Vietnam,” we often refer to the Republic of Vietnam, which collapsed in 1975, and when talking about Vietnam today after unification, we often just call it “Vietnam.”

In the current Socialist Republic of Vietnam ( including during the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ) , it is called the Saigon regime (chính quyền Sài Gòn, 政權柴棍).

In North Korea, it is called Southern Vietnam.

Aside from NAMUWIKI and today 's history -related programs in Korea , it is called North Vietnam and South Vietnam, but it was established and settled around the 21st century.

 more detailsHwangjeo Samseongi documentcastPlease note.

1955 ~ 1963

1963 ~ 1975

From 192 to 1832 , there was a separate country of immigrants called Champa in present-day southern Vietnam . The people of Champa were called Chamin separately, but even Champa is different from Vietnamese .[6] It is much closer to Taiwanese aborigines , Mine (Malay, Indonesian), and Filipino .

As Vietnam pursued a policy of advancing south, Champa was already in a moribund state in the 17th century, and after being reduced to a dependent state, it was absorbed into Vietnam in 1832. The Mekong River basin near Saigon , the capital of South Vietnam, was originally a Cambodian territory called 'Prinho Kho', but was ceded to Vietnam in the 18th century .

Vietnam, which had conquered all of eastern Indochina, was now divided into the north under the Chung clan and the south under the Nguyễn clan .[7] In 1858, France took advantage of the chaos caused by the reign of King Nam to invade.

Although the defeated Vietnam ceded six southern provinces to France under French direct control , the imperial family was recognized as a protectorate. However, in the end, after repeated attempts at independence, the Vietnamese emperor was captured by the French army and exiled to French Algeria , and the prince went into exile to the Qing Dynasty, putting the dynasty in crisis. France signed the 1st and 2nd Treaties of Hue and completely took over all of Vietnam. Afterwards, France launched French Indochina by uniting Vietnam, within its influence, and nearby Laos and Cambodia .

When France surrendered to Nazi Germany in July 1940 at the beginning of World War II, the fate of the Indochina Peninsula was sucked into the fog. Nazi Germany established a puppet state called Vichy France and placed the French Governor-General of Indochina under the Vichy government.

In September 1940, the Empire of Japan invaded French Indochina . The Vichy French colonial authorities attempted to conclude peace with Japan, a fellow Axis power. Japan was allowed to station troops in exchange for recognizing French rule in Indochina.

In 1944, Nazi Germany withdrew from France and France regained its national sovereignty. Japan, an Axis power like Germany , no longer needed to pay attention. Japan staged coups in the Empire of Vietnam , the Kingdom of Cambodia , and the Kingdom of Laos through Operation Myeongho. And each established puppet states to take control of Indochina. It was the same way as during Manchukuo .

Immediately after Japan's surrender in August 1945, the Chinese army north of the 16th parallel north and the British army south of the 16th parallel entered Vietnam to disarm the Japanese army on the Indochina Peninsula . But it took time, and in the meantime, Vietnam became communist. At this time, Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh quickly took control of northern Vietnam. On September 2, Hanoi declared the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam . Those related to the French Governor-General who had been detained by the Japanese military continued to be detained.

The Chinese army that entered northern Vietnam did not intervene in any way to deal with the remnants of the French Governor-General and acknowledged the Viet Minh 's rule. Meanwhile, in the areas south of the 16th parallel north latitude where British troops were stationed, Vietnamese self-government organizations did not have much power.

As the Chinese Civil War intensified in China in 1946, the Chinese troops stationed in Vietnam had to return home. In turn, they freed the remnants of the French government-general, and they succeeded in regaining control of the government while taking over the administrative authority of South Vietnam, where the British army was stationed. As a result, Vietnam became divided.

However, France was not welcomed even in South Vietnam, and as the anti-French atmosphere spread, they eventually established a puppet state called Cochinchina Republic in Saigon. Later, as the confrontation between France and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which could not hide its ambition to reconquer Vietnam, intensified, an armistice was agreed to under Chinese mediation in 1946, but France broke the agreement and reoccupied southern Vietnam, declaring Vietnam as a puppet state . and landed in Haiphong to re-invade Vietnam. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam fights against the French army in guerrilla warfare.

In 1954, after the French army was badly broken by the Viet Minh at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the United States and the Soviet Union asked for mediation to get out of Vietnam, and talks were held in Geneva, Switzerland.[8] The United States, fearing that if Vietnam became communist, all of Indochina would become communist, made all-out efforts to prevent Vietnam from becoming communist. Under the Geneva Accords, Vietnam was divided between the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam, collectively known as Vietnam) and the State of Vietnam .[9] It is divided into (South Vietnam, Free Vietnam in past expressions). Controversy arose fiercely over the setting of the blackout line, but France insisted on the 18th parallel.[10] , Vietnam claimed the 13th and 14th parallels north. China is at the 16th parallel[11] , Vietnam was divided north and south along the 17th parallel as the Soviet Union intervened on the 17th parallel .

However, since he was in a position to mediate and end the war once, it was agreed at this meeting that Vietnam would be divided into north and south along the 17th parallel, and then hold general elections two years later to form a unified government.

However, it was clear that the general election would win the general election, and in this case, Vietnam's communism was obvious. At the time, US President Eisenhower and Secretary of State Dulles thought that Ho Chi Minh would win with more than 80% votes when they had an election.It is easy to understand that the Soviet Union refused to election with the same logic with the same logic. Eventually, the United States and Vietnam refuse to election.

This view is not unique to the United States. It was a common perception among anti-communist forces in South Vietnam that the Geneva Accords and the general elections were a vile plot by the communists.[12] Public opinion is not so different, in South Vietnam, where the population was 12 million at the time of 1955 and the population of Saigon, the capital, was about 1.3 million , 200,000 people gathered for an anti-Geneva agreement demonstration, until some of them rioted against representatives of North Vietnam. did. At this rate, it was only natural that the general election would end, whether the United States wanted it or not. And, under the cooperation of the Working People’s Revolutionary Party and the Revolutionary Committee, which participated in this demonstration, the system of Vietnam was being prepared to be overturned.

1955 On October 26 , Ngo Dinh Diem, through a referendum, abolished the State of Vietnam, abolished the vassal system , and established the Republic of Vietnam. Through political propaganda broadcasts, Ngo Dinh Diem denounced Vodae as a pleasure seeker and advertised himself as a wonder worker for the state. The election strategy, which featured Ngo Dinh Diem as a symbol of good luck and Bo Daje as a symbol of unhappiness, worked well, and the Bo Daeje was dethroned with a 98.2% vote in favor. However, this election was a fraudulent election with the CIA deeply involved behind the scenes. The result of 98.2% was also lowered because it was pointed out that the 99% result seemed too undemocratic in the United States .

However, there was a real problem, so it was good to have been the founding of the Republic of the Emperor, which was the emperor, and the Vietnamese Republic succeeded the tremendous corruption of the Vietnamese country.

In addition, the forces of communists who participated in Vietmin during the spies dispatched from North Vietnam and the first Indochina war increased. It was a natural branch that spies were leaked throughout the state leadership, including the government and the National Assembly, and the national secrets were leaked to North Vietnam. In the early days, the internal circumstances of North Vietnam, which were cluttered with Nguyin GM's Buddhist warlords, security recovery, and unreasonable land reform and large farmers[13] Thanks to this, it was a Vietnamese republic that had enjoyed peace for about six years, but North Vietnam, who succeeded in organizing the interior with severe oppression, adopts South Vietnam's abalone as a national policy and began to provide enormous support for Viet Cong , a pro -Vietnamese guerrilla for the South Vietnam. The Republic of Vietnam was in the infally of the infamous Viet Cong.

Even at the time of the era of Nguyen GM, the steep growth of agriculture based on the oily land where the rich rice harvests is secured, the promotion of large -scale light industry such as glass industry/rubber industries through the foreign activity policy, and the national policy that encourages overseas exports of high quality aquatic products, but has been developed by the US aid, but has been trained by the US aid Except for some great parts, politics was very confusing because of political intervention and coup. Nguyodin GM, the first president, was initially a friendly military purge, a republic system, a prostitution, and corrupted corruption[14] , Security stability through political gangsters[15] It has set up achievements such as establishing more than 800,000 North Koreans caused by unreasonable land reform and religious oppression in North Vietnam. In addition, it seemed to start well, including promoting various economic development policies, including active and active foreign capital, focusing on light industry and agriculture.

However, Ngodin GM, who was not going to accept the United States, called for democratization, was Catholic, Northern Tongingin, a minority in South Vietnam, and Cabinet Cabinet Cabinet.[16] It was a family punishment that filled the government with relatives, and thanks to the family politics that was created for reducing the US's breath, the criteria for selecting the person who would take office were 'relatives' or ' believing in Catholics '. The share of religion in South Vietnam was more than 90% of Buddhist believers , and the proportion of Catholic believers was more northern. The Nguyen GM government has also strengthened its own character without surrendering to the US pressure.

In May 1963 , Thich Quảng Ðức (釋廣德), the most influential high priest in Vietnam, resentful of the Diem regime's suppression of Buddhism, tried to inform the world of Vietnam's situation through self-confidence , but Ngo Dinh Diem and his associates didn't even snort. Tran Le Xuan, nicknamed Madame Nhu, the wife of Ngo Dinh Diem's ​​younger brother Ngo Dinh Nhu (吳廷瑈) and also one of the key pillars of corruption, was forced to leave South Vietnam due to the circumstances of Ngo Dinh Diem, who was single. She played the role of the actual first lady of , and she told the media about her beliefs. video at the time

The public anger that had built up over the unprecedented GoinDrip exploded on a nationwide scale. It is said that even the U.S. government at the time was dumbfounded. Duong Van Minh (楊文明) saw the mood of public opinion and decided that the time had finally come.[17] High-ranking military commanders, including generals, took part. On November 1 of that year, he staged a coup , overthrew the Ngo Dinh Diem government, and established the Soldiers' Revolutionary Council.[18] Ngo Dinh Diem and his younger brother Ngo Dinh Nhu fled and hid in a church, but were found and shot dead the next day. (Click caution) The body of Ngo Dinh Diem, who was shot dead

The coup is also supported by the CIA , and it is said that a total of $ 42,000 bribes. In addition, considering that even the US President Kennedy, who supported South Vietnam, was angry with the Nguyen Giem administration, it was not just dogmatic that the CIA supported the coup, but may have been tolerated by the US government, and maybe the coup support itself was instructed at the administrative level. And Renseon, who fled abroad, lived around the Vietnamese government. In the past, in the Cold War, he had been anti -communist, but in the United States, only a woman (Dragon Lady. Unlike the Eastern dragon is a strong image of a bother of people), he was poured out, and as the Cold War ended, he wandered around the beggars in Italy in Italy in 2011. Dead.

The US approves the new military government established after overthrowing Ngo Dinh Diem. However, even though he was a dictator, it was very difficult to find a leader who had leadership enough to achieve national construction and economic growth at the same time, except for Ngo Dinh Diem in Vietnam at the time.

Zhongbanmin , the head of the Military Revolutionary Association, pursued the direction of solving through dialogue rather than confronting Viet Cong. For the United States, this was not good. On January 30, 1964 , Nguyenka also couped under the support of the United States, overturning the Zong -anteminian government. But after that, the coup continued, and it became very unstable. In this way, Viet Cong was called in the countryside. Also, in August 1964, the Tongkingman incident occurred, and the United States intervened in the Vietnam War , and armed conflicts were becoming more serious. In 1965, Nguyen Vantigee was the head of the military government and wanted to regain stability, but the Nguyen Vantigeeu government was independently losing its independence by being dragged by the United States without defeating Viet Cong and North Vietnamese troops. Nguyen Vantigae declared in 1967 to abolish military administration and return to civil affairs . It was Nguyen Vantigae, who was elected as president .

Although relatively stable after a few years of Nguyen Van Thieu's rule, until that time the South Vietnamese military, instead of focusing on the intensifying battle against the Viet Cong, waged factional warfare among themselves and carried out repeated coups, allowing the Viet Cong to seize rural areas. virtually neglected to do so. In the battles of Binh Gia and Dong Xoai in 1965, the Viet Cong, which even mobilized mortars and recoilless guns aided by North Vietnam, changed the riot force, including paratroopers, marines, and rangers, to a disastrous level in terms of exchange rates. .

The military government ended and politically regained stability, but as mentioned earlier, the end of the Vietnam War began again. He did not have a serious attitude to fight the war with his own power and was too dependent on the power of the United States, so he could not have his own war. As the war began in earnest, as the war overlapped the deficit, trade deficit, and inflation overlapped, the leading economy gradually stagnated, and many of the rural areas became under the influence of Viet Cong, leading to the fall of rice exporters to importers.

Political turmoil and military service were also prevalent. The military had to search and draft rural villages frequently, as the corruption of the officers who did not spend a vacation properly or the officer's compensation for the family to go to the family. Even before the original capital, Gong and the Mekong River Damnangju, there were a number of poor farmers who supported it before the division of Vietnamese communists . As a result, the metropolitan area quickly became the forefront when the Wolmin overcame the confusion surrounding the land reform of the 1950s and proclaimed a full -fledged liberation war in 1960. In the mid -1960s, the entire country almost passed to Viet Cong, but only survived the indirect support that the United States had done so far.

Although Ngo Dinh Diem was widely hated by not a few people, Ngo Dinh Diem was the only person among the past leaders of South Vietnam who had the courage and power to pursue his own state affairs without being unilaterally swayed by the United States. Therefore, unlike the days of Ngo Dinh Diem, when they tried their own policies while receiving everything they received from the United States, from the mid-1960s, North Vietnam's propaganda phrases were maintained, even at important meetings directly related to the progress of the war, such as the 1969 Paris Peace Conference. It has been degraded to a state that only has a face, such as being ignored in a way that cannot participate.

In the first place, South Vietnam had never established and implemented a normal and independent administrative system throughout its existence. Still, in the 1970 general election, Buddhist forces were held in a large number, and it was an opportunity to establish legitimacy. After Ngo Dinh Diem, it is sometimes said that if the United States had not directly entered the war itself, South Vietnam would have collapsed 10 years earlier than its actual history. am.[19]

In order for the Vietnamese republic to survive, it was necessary to change into an independent economic system based on domestic industry.[20] As mentioned earlier, the rural areas could not be fostered in the Viet Cong forces while the incompetent military fights. Eventually, the economy of the Republic of Vietnam has become a parasitic structure of the US aid. In the mid -1970s, the inflation rate rose to 74 percent, the economy. The military was also corrupted, plundering the people and even trading weapons in Viet Cong. The prostitution, which Nguyin GM banned, is also serious again due to the chaos due to the coup and the war, and the variables of large foreign soldiers. In the Vietnam War movie, the occasional prostitution was forbidden in GM!

Tanks of the Viet Cong Army breaking through the main gate of the Independence Palace (now the Reunification Palace) (April 30, 1975, 11:30, Saigon)


Video interview with Lee Dae-yong (former ambassador to Vietnam) on KBS2's < Let's meet at 11 o'clock > dated April 30, 1984 .

When the United States signed the Paris Agreement in January 1973 and left the war, the Republic of Vietnam was completely threatened. Fighting with North Vietnam and the Viet Cong had officially ceased, but North Vietnam was preparing to break the agreement and go to war. From December 18, 1974 to January 8, 1975, a meeting of the Politburo of the Labor Party on 'Liberation of the South' was held.

In the last-minute North Vietnamese offensive that began on March 10, 1975, the South Vietnamese Army saw the heroic resistance of some units, such as the 18th Division (paradoxically, the 18th Division was originally evaluated as the weakest division), which fought fiercely at Xuan Loc. Except for Ilpaedoji, it was annexed to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.[21] As the United States withdrew, it provided enormous military support, so it was able to temporarily have a world-class military power, but it was defeated.

At that time, the Republic of Vietnam was the fourth largest forces in the air force and more than 1 million troops, with the US equipment given by the United States. However, the military power of this world ranking was an empty shell . The air force was also fourth in the number, and the actual power was not capable of making the North Koreans, and it was almost a support machine or transport. One million troops were 450,000, the rest were militias and local units, and the militias and local units were not actually a real combat power. The size of the US weapons given by the United States was in the world's ranks, but it did not give money and goods to roll weapons of the rankings .

The US was not deliberately given, but the economic crisis was serious because of the bogs of the Vietnam War, and the US administration tried to support the US Congress , but the US Congress was cut off because there was no support for the corruption regime, and public opinion was already opposed to South Vietnam support. In this situation, during the final offensive in 1975, South Vietnamese troops were not fuel and parts, so they could not float properly and were restricted from battle due to lack of ammunition. The order was to come down during the battle . Tactically, the weakness was to rely on American tactics and US military support. The army, which is not supported by US troops, has become used to fighting like a US military.

South Vietnam has spread the army to the country to catch the Vietnamese guerrilla supported by North Vietnam, and as it unfolds the shortage of troops, it has deteriorated the security of the whole country. Eventually, the strategy was revised to secure the main base, and then decided to defeat it, and launched a massive unit relocation. It was a battle before the defense system was hardened . Tiu's strategy is not possible with the current troops, so he planned to relocate the troops by keeping only places to keep, such as major coastal cities. However, the plan led to the fall of the overall South Vietnamese army.[22]

And the public sentiment has already left the corrupt and incompetent Republic of Vietnam. Because of this, more than half of the more than 1 million troops deserted at the beginning of the war and could not fight properly. President Nguyen Van Thieu savagely criticized the United States and defected to Taiwan on April 21, 1975 , and his successor, Tran Van Huong, also resigned on April 28 and gave Duong Van Minh the presidency. Duong Van Minh finally surrendered on 30 April. Ho Chi Minh, the leader of North Vietnam, thought it would take more than 30 years to conquer the Republic of Vietnam during his lifetime, but on April 30, 1975, a few years after his death, the regime collapsed within a month of the start of the war .[23] Later, in South Vietnam, a puppet government of North Vietnam , the Republic of South Vietnam ( Cộng hòa Miền Nam Việt Nam), was established, and on July 2, 1976, the following year, it was integrated with North Vietnam and Vietnam was reunified .

In 1975, North Vietnam captured a huge munitions of at least $ 5 billion in the world. Among them, 550 tanks ( 250 M48 Patton , 300 M41 Walker Bulldogs ), 1,300 cannons , 42,000 trucks , 12,000 mortar guns , 2 million infantry firearms ( M16 rifle 791,000, M72 LAW 63,000 , M79 grenade 47,000 ) 130,000 tons, 940 ships , and 877 aircraft ( 73 F-5 , 113 A-37 , 36 A-1 , 36 C-119 , 36 AC- 47, UH-1 430, CH-47 16). This huge munitions, which are hard to live in, have moved to the hands of North Vietnam, and based on this military, Vietnam is squeezed into the hegemony of Indozhina throughout the 1980s.

Although North Vietnam managed to unify South Vietnam by force, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam repeatedly struggled in southern rule. The socialist transformation of rural areas faced resistance from southern farmers who were accustomed to the self-employed farming system, and farmers who newly worked in cooperative farms often slowed down due to their dissatisfaction with low wages, so productivity dropped significantly compared to before. lost. In addition, the coexistence of rural areas in the northern part of the country, where cooperative farms have been completed, and rural areas in the south, where socialist transformation has been sluggish, has become a factor that shakes the government's economic policy from the ground up. In addition, a series of typhoons caused considerable damage, and the agricultural products of independent farmers who were not cooperative farms flowed into the black market, and even public officials had to rely on the black market to obtain food, not rations or government prices. In order to solve these economic problems, the Vietnamese government carried out price adjustment measures and issued a new currency, but these attempts did not have much effect and only increased the inflation rate.[24] Rather, boat people who emigrate to other countries by boat to make a living have resulted in more prevalence.

Southerners paid huge bribes to them in cities such as Saigon and continued market economic activities, including the black market, disrupting the socialist economic system that the Vietnamese government had dreamed of. The efforts of reformists within the Communist Party of Vietnam to overcome this chaos in economic management and the long-term recession after reunification led to extensive marketization reforms called Doi Moi through several reforms in the 1980s.[25] However, the northerners also lived under capitalism before 1954, so it was not unfamiliar to them.

Even now, the former South Vietnam region is much richer economically than the former North Vietnam region, and the GDP of Ho Chi Minh (Saigon), the former capital of South Vietnam, is twice as high as that of Hanoi , the northern capital. Considering that South Vietnam was somewhat ahead at the time of division, it soon became equal to North Vietnam. Additionally, this cannot be ignored because descendants of South Vietnamese who fled abroad invest in this area.

Similarly, there is something in common with the fact that the area south of the Yangtze River was wealthier than the area north of China before communism or after reform and opening . Traditionally, it is advantageous for rice farming thanks to its warm and humid climate and abundant water resources. In addition to the economic advancement of Western powers based on maritime hegemony, Hong Kong and Taiwanese businessmen preferentially invest in regions with similar cultures to Hong Kong and Taiwan, such as Fujian and Guangdong, leading to faster economic development and capitalization and large cities earlier than the northern regions. anger has been made In the case of Vietnam, there is also an aftereffect of northerners staying longer under an inflexible socialist controlled economy.

Like most communist countries, it was accompanied by very brutal purges . It is said that between 65,000 and 100,000 people were executed without judicial process for 10 years from 1975 . This is a thesis published in 1990 by an American researcher, and is highly cited . (At the time, the population of North and South Vietnam was 23.93 million in the north and 19.37 million in the south as of 1973). Considering the number of those who were executed through judicial procedures, the number is even higher. Not only soldiers and civil servants who served in South Vietnam received reeducation, but most South Vietnamese officials and landlords who were not charged with massacre or serious corruption went to reeducation camps and were released only in the 1980s, and this number is about 1 million . . However, the communist regime also allowed high-ranking South Vietnamese officials who were not particularly atrocious to the Viet Cong or accused of corruption to seek asylum abroad. Of course, those who went into exile were just like being exiled naked, so they lived in very poverty, except for a very few who siphoned off their property in advance.

It was natural that the Viet Cong government and communists within the military were not targeted in the first place because they were South Koreans in the North Vietnamese army . However, Viet Cong (government) was a symbiotic organization of the South Vietnamese army+self -sustained anti -government (so -called nationalist), so since South Vietnam's defeat, Viet Cong is gradually replaced from the symbiotic organization to the North Vietnamese army. This was witnessed by the anti -government intellectuals of the nationalist who worked as a judicial director in the Viet Cong government, and the troops, which were composed of South Vietnamese nationalists, were soon filled with North Vietnamese (military) and the North Vietnamese political officers were controlled by the North Vietnamese. The Viet Congs were also occupied by the South Vietnamese , because most executives were defeated by South Vietnamese and US troops due to the Lunar New Year's tax in 1968 , and few survived nationalist executives.

It is true that nationalist forces have suffered damage if they have suffered. They began to be pushed out of key positions in the Viet Cong government and military from around the time when South Vietnam's defeat became more likely, and as they were pushed out, the Viet Cong government became no different from the North Vietnamese government, and North Vietnam, without consulting the Viet Cong government, two years after the defeat of South Vietnam The unification was completed through a unilateral declaration of annexation. Nationalist figures who protested North Vietnam's strong re-education policy were accommodated in re-education camps. Although the nationalist-affiliated person mentioned above (the Minister of Justice of the Viet Cong government) eventually won, he defected to the Boat People and finally lives in France . This is part of his autobiography published in France, and in fact, other former North Vietnamese officers living in France who defected to South Vietnam after reunification had doubts about the policy toward South Vietnam after unification from the North Vietnamese regular army also testified similarly.

To put it simply, communist factions (usually North Vietnamese South Koreans) within the Viet Cong government (and army) were, of course, not a problem, and spontaneous nationalist (anti-government) factions were either excluded from key positions or sent to re-education camps depending on the degree of deterioration and rebellion after unification. This decision was made, and it can be said that the same was true for those from South Vietnam.

Duong Van Minh, the last South Vietnamese president, was elected in the 1980s. Middle school in Korea Moral textbooks say he was arrested and executed, but in reality, after the fall of Saigon , he was sent home after a brief investigation and was later granted asylum in France. And later, when Duong Van Minh died overseas, the Vietnamese government expressed regret. This is because, in the case of Duong Van Minh, he was a party who surrendered unconditionally during the fall of Saigon , and even while living in exile overseas, he lived relatively quietly, without saying or saying anything majorly critical of the communist Vietnamese government. Thanks to this, Vietnam’s current government did not have much trouble with it. On the other hand, South Vietnamese immigrants do not view Duong Van Minh kindly. # Nguyen Cao Kỳ , a former chief of staff of the South Vietnamese Air Force who served as vice president , was also permitted to visit Vietnam in 2004.

 more detailsSouth Vietnam/Causes of defeat documentcastPlease note.

Compared to the dictatorship , there were surprisingly political spectrums. At the same time, there were conservative right -wing parties like the ruling party in Korea, but on the other hand, they can see social democracy and even political parties or figures that represent Trotskyism . Right now, in April 1955, the revolutionary committee, the leader of the Revolution, is a party called the Vietnam Democratic Socialist Party . Since then, people from the Democratic Social Party have also participated in the founding of the National Social Democratic Front , which was the ruling ruling party of Nguyen Vantigae .[26] The Vietnamese National Party was a political party of the middle -right -wing anti -communist. The reason why there are so many leftist parties in the anti -communist state is that the country was fundamentally made by a huge diverse people who were fundamentally opposed to the intolerance and optical tendencies of the Vietnamese communists. In a word, it would be said that there were everything except Marx-Leninism, regardless of the left and right . In Article 4 of the Constitution, the anti -communism was so strong that it specified anti -communism .[27] He was criticized by the international community for imprisonment of communist political prisoners.

The head of state is the President, and the term of office was 5 years during the First Republic and 4 years during the Second Republic.[28][29] . The head of government was the prime minister, and the head of each government department was the president (supervisor).[30] had the power to appoint. The term of office for a member of the National Assembly was 3 years during the First Republic, 4 years for a member of the House of Representatives, and 6 years for a member of the House of Representatives during the Second Republic.[31] Since it was formally free and democratic, general and presidential elections were held. However, the National Assembly was unable to function properly due to too much internal chaos. The election was meaningless and the government was actually replaced by a coup d'état . The National Assembly was initially unicameral, but was changed to a bicameral system by constitutional amendment in 1967, with the chairman of the upper house and the chairman of the lower house as the heads of both houses. The ruling party was the Workers' Personality Revolutionary Party during the Ngo Dinh Diem period, and the National Social Democratic Front during the Nguyen Van Thieu period . In addition, during Nguyen Khain's administration, the 'National People's Party', or Daewol Party for short, briefly rose to the position of the ruling party. The opposition parties included political parties such as the Vietnamese National Party and the National Resistance Movement, and some of them remained active in exile in the United States and other countries even after their defeat.[32]

 more detailsPresident of the Republic of Vietnam documentcastPlease note.

 more detailsPrime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam documentcastPlease note.

 more detailsNational Assembly of the Republic of Vietnam documentcastPlease note.

The Republic of Vietnam has adopted a market capitalist system. Due to abundant rice harvests, they lived better than North Vietnam , Cambodia , or Indonesia . As of 1960, GDP per capita was higher than that of Thailand , which is currently overwhelmingly well off on the Indochina Peninsula . At the time of its defeat, GDP per capita was $65, about one-ninth of Korea's, and unified communist Vietnam was unable to develop its economy due to economic sanctions, radical land reform, and the ongoing war ( the Third Indochina War ). (Korea's GDP at the time was $608). However, it has gradually become more stable since then, and has now developed to the level of a newly industrialized country and still has a lot of potential for development. When the Republic of Vietnam was founded, it boasted a GDP about five times that of North Vietnam, but it caught up with North Vietnam after the 1970s.[33][34] And after the U.S. intervention in the Vietnam War, the country became increasingly dependent on U.S. aid, eventually possessing only small industries that accounted for about 10% of GDP, and becoming a country that could not survive without the United States. Therefore, if the Republic of Vietnam had continued to exist instead of falling, it is highly likely that its economy would have eventually collapsed like North Korea , which was better off than South Korea but was overly dependent on the Soviet Union and China and did not have its own industry .

Indeed, the US CIP program, which continued from 1955 to 1975, was assigned a huge amount of $ 398 million a year in 1966, and the United States was absolute in the South Vietnamese economy. Not only the CIP program was achieved, but also the aid, such as military aid and infrastructure construction, was enormous, and in 1973, $ 2.3 billion was assisted. The South Vietnamese economy also grew steadily under the enormous aid, and electricity production increased 14 times in 1973, and industrial production increased by 6.9% per year and rice production by 203% compared to 1954. It was impressive, but the limits were clear, as the prolonged Vietnam War decreased to $ 1.1 billion and oil shocks reached 200%when the oil shocks came in 1973. Considering that more than 50 years as of the 2020s, billions of dollars were not available in any country.

Until the late 50's or in the early 60's, it also showed its own economic development, such as seriously attempting to foster light industry such as fishing, agriculture, and glass industry. Under the leadership of Nguyin GM, the security situation stabilized and North Vietnam's rebellion was possible thanks to the situation of the situation when it was hard to pay attention to South Vietnam. If you go to Heavy Industries , La Dalat Motors, the parent of Citroen's Vietnamese branch, started its sales in cooperation with Citroen in France . Initially, only the rudimentary process of assembling auto parts produced by Citroen headquarters in France in Vietnam. Increasingly, a gradual localization attempt was made to produce parts that do not need high technology for manufacturing such as rearview mirrors and lighting, and a total of 5,000 cars were produced in Vietnam from 1970 to 1975. In 1975, the ratio of localization of parts rose to 25%to 40%. In 1975, when the Republic of Vietnam defeated, Citroen closed the local plant and stopped production.

In general, the most frequently mentioned land reform issue when discussing the South Vietnamese regime is the land reform promoted by Ngo Dinh Diem in the mid-1950s and the two cases of Nguyen Van Thieu from 1970 . The former is assessed to have been carried out so carelessly that it formed an axis of the notoriety of the person named Ngo Dinh Diem, and that it did not attract any support from the North Vietnamese or farmers who benefited.[35] The land reform promoted by President Nguyen Van Thieu since 1970 also failed to save South Vietnam from the Viet Cong and North Vietnam, but it achieved some results in a more proactive manner than previous land reforms, to the extent that it was praised for substantially solving South Vietnam's tenant farming problem, such as limiting landowners' land ownership to less than 15 hectares and distributing about 40% of cultivated land to the poor.[36][37]

One of the most famous companies in South Vietnam was Hynos, a toothpaste producer. This company was founded by a Jewish American in the 1960s and was purchased by a man named Vuong Dao Nghia at a bargain price. It grew to the point of monopolizing the Vietnamese toothpaste market, and exported toothpaste to neighboring countries in Southeast Asia, even featuring Hong Kong movie stars in advertisements. Looking at the photos taken in Saigon at the time , billboards featuring a smiling black man with white teeth stand out everywhere, and it was the company's advertisement. Hino's was merged with Kolperlon after the fall of Saigon in 1975 and subsequently nationalized by the North Vietnamese government. For a while, this toothpaste was discontinued, but from 2007, it was possible to buy toothpaste under this brand name again in Vietnam, but it did not regain its popularity as in the past.

The currency used was the same as North Vietnam: 'dong/銅' and 'xu/su/樞'. Perhaps due to the influence of the Indochina Piastr, the domestic media and Powell's soldiers at the time absolutely often referred to him as 'Piastar' rather than 'Dong'. The issuance of South Vietnamese consent was handled by South Vietnam's Bank of Vietnam (Ngân-Hàng Việt-Nam, formerly Dongfang Huai Li Bank). Some high-denomination notes (5,000 dong with the leopard and 10,000 dong with the buffalo) were issued only before the fall of Saigon, so they were not widely circulated. The 1,000 dong banknote issued in 1955 is very rare and is traded among collectors for hundreds of millions of won.

South Vietnam operated a 12-year school system. At the time of independence, the French three-semester-based school system was maintained, but from 1954 until the collapse, the American school system was followed. Even after reunification, North Vietnam maintained the Soviet-style 10th grade system and the former South Vietnam maintained the American-style 12th grade system for a while, until in 1989 the current 12th grade system was completely integrated.

Saigon University of Liberal Arts (Trường Đại học Văn khoa Sài Gòn, founded in 1949 as 'Vietnamese University of Liberal Arts') and Saigon University of Sciences (Trường Đại học Khoa học Sài Gòn, renamed 'Indochina University of Sciences' in 1941) as the best educational institutions in South Vietnam. After opening, there was a name change in 1956). The two universities were merged in 1977 after the fall of Saigon to become the Ho Chi Minh City University (Trường Đại học Tổng hợp Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh). At the time of its establishment, Saigon University of Liberal Arts had only French Literature and English , but around 1958, the Department of Philosophy was newly established, and the system was gradually established.

Khánh Ly, a South Vietnamese female singer from Hanoi, became famous while performing the songs of Trinh Cong Son, which will be described later, on the campus of the Saigon University of Liberal Arts, and Hoàng Oanh and Nguyễn Ngọc Ngạn were also graduates of this university. There were also many popular singers. The only Korean student who graduated from the Graduate School of the Saigon College of Liberal Arts was Lee Sook-ja, the second graduate of the Department of Vietnamese Language at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. He returned home two years before the fall.

In Dalat, the Nuclear Research Institute was founded in 1963, and the US-based TRIGA-MARK 2 research reactor was installed, contributing to the research of South Vietnam's nuclear power, and just before the defeat in 1975, the United States re-collected the fuel of the institute.

Due to the strong American influence since birth, American rock music became popular. There were also many songs influenced by French chanson . South Vietnam's uniquely lyrical songs were called 'Nhạc vàng (樂黃, golden music)'. Nyak Bang was treated as a banned song for a while after the unification of Vietnam, but the ban was gradually lifted due to the demand of the public who were thirsty for lyrical music. Trịnh Công Sơn (鄭公山, 1939-2001) was famous as a composer representing South Vietnam's Nhaeng Bang.

In addition, it aired a public broadcast on the Vietnamese television (THVN, Truyền Hình Việt Nam) broadcasting station, and radio broadcasts were sent from the 'Radio Saigon' channel. In the early stages of broadcasting, there was no TV transmission tower, so a stratot vision (stratovision, stratosphere) that floats helicopters over 3,150m in 32 km of Saigon suburbs (stratosphere)[38] It broadcast in a way. In addition, similar to Korea's AFKN , AFVN, a channel operated by Juwol US forces in Vietnam , existed. In 1972, he opened a DAC LO broadcasting station at the Jesuits . He mainly produced educational broadcasting rather than religious broadcasting, and only supplied the program to THVN9 broadcasting stations without an independent channel. Anyway, the Vietnamese television stations at this time left South Vietnam and North Vietnam and imported foreign TV programs and foreign films.[39] For intellectuals, there were many concerns and criticisms that Vietnam would be encroached by foreign culture without the colonial era. Of course, even after unification, there is only a difference in degree, and it has no change to play a lot of foreign TV programs. (...)


The 1973 South Vietnamese comedy film 'Tứ quái Sài Gòn' (Tứ quái Sài Gòn)

Many feature films have also been made. The South Vietnamese government implemented a screen quota system to revitalize the film industry, and even entered international film festivals and won awards. South Vietnamese films tried various new artistic techniques and innovative ideas and were well received, so they enjoyed a brief golden age in the 1970s. However, the brief golden age eventually came to an end with the collapse of the South Vietnamese government.

In Saigon, the capital city, the middle class emerged from the 1960s and quickly accepted Western lifestyles and values. On the other hand, in rural areas, the traditional atmosphere was strong, and there were many cases where three generations of extended families lived under one roof in each house.

Even Vietnamese people who are negative about the Republic of Vietnam often have a positive evaluation of the cultural development of this period.

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National Police Flag of the Republic of Vietnam

The South Vietnamese National Police in 1970.

Security was not very good as the Viet Cong were secretly moving throughout the country, so the power of the South Vietnamese police to wipe out the Viet Cong in the city was also strong. The South Vietnamese National Police, founded by Ngo Dinh Diem in 1962, initially numbered 16,000, but peaked at 130,000 in the 1970s.


South Vietnam National Police Uniform

National police chief Nguyen Ngoc Loan (left) summarily executing a Viet Cong (right)[40]

Like the Korean National Police Agency , the National Police Agency (TCCSQG), located in Saigon , was in charge of all police systems, and the general superintendent of the national police was often appointed by a military general. The South Vietnamese National Police Agency had nine departments.

You could become a police officer by going through a 12-week training period at the police academy or by being trained as a police sergeant at the Korea Military Academy. As the Viet Cong fought in the city whenever they had a chance, there were times when the US military advisory group or the Australian military advisory group provided on-site training.

The ranks adopted military-style ranks.

Soldiers from the South Vietnamese field police during the fall of Saigon

In addition, a field police unit was also operated, which is a unit that corresponds to the Republic of Korea 's special police force . These are special forces created to engage the heavily armed Viet Cong from the rear . Except for the unique camouflage pattern , it was no different from the South Vietnamese Army and used the same armament as the South Vietnamese Army . The total number of troops was 16,500.

From the perspective of the Viet Cong, they were the main enemy along with the South Vietnamese army, so police officials were frequently terrorized or slaughtered by the Viet Cong. After the reunification, he was included in the subject of re-education and was purged.

Representative intelligence agencies existed with the Central Intelligence Agency (Phủ ặc ủy Trung ưng ưng tình Báo, Central Intelligence Office Abbreviation). Naturally, the role model is the CIA of the United States . It was founded in 1961 by Nguyen GM . He analyzed and analyzed information on North Vietnam and Viet Cong and tasked with President South Vietnam to advise national security. Like the Central Intelligence Agency of the Republic of Korea, it was a powerful power institution that integrated domestic missions and overseas intelligence missions.

Their most notable achievement was the discovery in 1969 that the United States and North Vietnam were secretly contacting South Vietnam in Paris. After receiving the report, President Nguyen Van Thieu summoned U.S. Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker and demanded an explanation, but Ambassador Bunker remained silent.

In 1975, when South Vietnam was defeated, CIO directors and executives also attempted to escape. Nguyen Khắc Bình, the director of CIO, succeeded in escaping secretly, and he spent the rest of his life in California with his family. The remaining CIO executives attempted to escape through the US Embassy in Saigon. The US Embassy asked for 3 bạch ằng st., but CIO executives changed their destinations to Nguyenhau 2 (2 nguyễn Hậu st.). Eventually, the US embassy and the CIO executives' contacts were lost and they could not escape forever.

By 1975, it had diplomatic relations with 91 countries around the world.

It mainly focused on relations with first world countries. There was no diplomatic ties with second world countries. In 1957, he applied for UN membership, but was rejected by the Soviet Union . The Republic of Vietnam 'does not establish diplomatic relations with countries that recognize the Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.' maintained its position. However, this was virtually abandoned after the Paris Peace Agreement in 1973, and Japan and France , which had diplomatic ties with South Vietnam , also established diplomatic ties with Vietnam.

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It was the biggest ally that I didn't need to say . The United States was the largest trading country and dispatched the most soldiers during the Vietnam War . He also founded the SEATO, an anti -communist military alliance, to prevent Vietnam's communism following the domino theory . However, the Juwol US Army did not believe in the South Vietnamese army and did not try to jointly operate with South Vietnamese army, and the South Vietnam, which ignored them, was irritated by North Vietnam, which is promoted as a puppet of the United States, so the operation of the operation was not handed over to the United States. Eventually, due to the anti -war protests in Korea, the US military withdrew from Vietnam in 1973, and South Vietnam tried to endure with the weapons left by the United States, but in two years, Saigon was destroyed. Since then, the United States has been revenge in South Vietnam by adding economic sanctions to the Vietnam Socialist Republic (Unification Vietnam ). It is 20 years after South Vietnam's destruction with Unification Vietnam. As explained afterwards, many of the old South Vietnam's overseas migrants are living in the United States. Vietnamese Americans also occupy a large number of people in South Vietnam and their descendants. The Free Vietnam Provisional Government Complex also existed in the United States.

South Vietnam and the United Kingdom have established official diplomatic relations since the 1950s, but unlike the United States, the United Kingdom has maintained limited support and neutral attitudes for South Vietnam. In the Cold War structure, the United Kingdom was concerned about the spread of communism in Southeast Asia, but did not directly intervene in the Vietnam War due to the influence of the declining imperialism after World War II and the weakening of the international location after the Suez crisis. Instead, the United Kingdom was mainly interacted with the South Vietnamese government through diplomatic channels, with only minimum military or economic support. As a result, the relationship between the United Kingdom and South Vietnam was not a strategic alliance, but a diplomatic ritual and a symbolic support. However, after the defeat, many South Vietnamese exiled to the UK, and the British branch of the Free Vietnamese Provisional Government existed and received the support of the reconstruction movement from the United Kingdom.

The Republic of Vietnam and the Republic of Korea were able to maintain good relations because they were divided countries under the Cold War system and were capitalist countries, and because they shared the ideology of anti-communism.

South Korea dispatched the second largest number of soldiers to the Vietnam War after the United States. Diplomatic relations were established in 1956, and it was one of the major allies at the time, along with the United States and Taiwan . However, there was a surprising conflict. It is said that the Korean troops stationed in Vietnam, like the U.S. military, looked down on the Vietnamese and Republic of Vietnam troops to a large extent . Although not all soldiers were like that, it is said that there were quite a few soldiers who treated the South Vietnamese army like a ragtag bunch . For this reason, a fight broke out between South Vietnamese soldiers and Korean soldiers, to the point where a South Vietnamese soldier threw a grenade at a Korean military base in Binh Dinh Province.

Even in modern Korea, some people have nostalgia for the Republic of Vietnam. Some people regret it, claiming that if Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) had destroyed and unified Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam), Vietnam would have lived better and would have remained our ally.

The Republic of Vietnam also maintained a fairly good relationship with Taiwan. The Republic of Vietnam established diplomatic relations with Taiwan in 1955. The Republic of Vietnam did not recognize China , and Taiwan did not recognize North Vietnam. Saigon and Taipei , the capitals of each country, have a sister relationship, and South Vietnamese students even go to Taiwan to study, so their relationship is close. Of course, Taiwan even supported South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.[41] Just before the fall of South Vietnam in 1975, President Nguyen Van Thieu went into exile in Taiwan, and after the fall, many South Vietnamese people who became boat people went into exile and remain as an ethnic minority group in Taiwan. From South Vietnam's point of view in its relationship with Taiwan, it is not that it has never been "betrayed" by Taiwan. During the Battle of the Paracel Islands in 1974, Taiwan's navy was reinforced to the Paracel Islands by Chiang Kai-shek 's decision , allowing Chinese ships passing through the Taiwan Strait to pass safely rather than intercepting them. Chiang Kai-shek, who was a Sinocentrist, thought that if China took control of the Paracel Islands, it would be good if its territory expanded after unification.

Thailand is also one of the countries deeply involved in the US-led Vietnam War . Thailand followed the United States and South Korea in sending the largest number of troops to the Vietnam War, and U.S. military bases within Thai territory were used as rear bases for the U.S. Air Force. The intervention began in 1964 by dispatching C-47 and C-123 transport aircraft, tank landing ships, and patrol craft. Beginning in 1966, battalion-level ground combat units were dispatched, and from 1967 until just before withdrawal, the number was increased to a maximum of half a division with 11,000 troops. The unit's name was "Black Panther Division." Throughout the war, he gained a reputation for his excellent fighting skills and gentlemanly treatment of prisoners. Thailand suffered 351 killed and 1,358 wounded during the entire war. After the end of the war and withdrawal to the home country, the units that participated in the deployment were reorganized into the Thai Army's 9th Infantry Division.

As a former colonial power, diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level were established in 1956. Air Force pilots sometimes went to France to complete training and then came back. It is said that many people in the private sector went to France to study. Economic cooperation was also small but to some extent. In fact, French automobile giants such as Citroen have established local branches and factories in the Republic of Vietnam. As rumors circulated that France was recognizing North Vietnam and supporting communist forces, South Vietnamese students staged anti-French protests in front of the embassy in 1963, and in 1964, demonstrators even damaged furniture and equipment. In 1965, South Vietnam expelled the French ambassador and downgraded diplomatic relations to a consular level, but restored them to an ambassadorial level in 1973. When Vietnam fell, some Vietnamese fled to France, which accepted the largest number of Vietnamese after the United States and Australia . The former French Embassy in South Vietnam was a building used as the official residence of the Governor-General of Indochina during the colonial period, and was transformed into the French Embassy after the Geneva Conference in 1954. Even after the fall of Saigon, the North Vietnamese army left this area untouched, so French diplomats did not have to suffer through escape operations such as Operation Frequent Wind . However, at the end of 1975, France withdrew from Saigon, and in 2000, France restored the building and established the French Consulate in Ho Chi Minh.

In 1963, diplomatic relations were severed when Cambodia showed blatant pro-communist and pro-Vietnam tendencies, but diplomatic relations were reestablished in 1970 when the Khmer Republic was established. In 1970, the South Vietnamese army carried out the 'Cambodia Campaign' to eliminate the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces in Cambodia.

When the Kingdom of Laos established diplomatic relations with North Vietnam in 1962, it immediately severed diplomatic relations. Afterwards, diplomatic ties were reestablished during Nguyen Van Thieu's administration. Like Cambodia, there is a history of military intervention by the South Vietnamese Army in 1971 to eliminate Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces in Laos through 'Operation Lam Son 719'.

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Former North Vietnam and current Vietnam define the Republic of Vietnam as a puppet regime of the United States . Of course, it may not be a puppet state, but it is clear that it was not an independent and democratic country, so there are many similar evaluations outside of Vietnam. The Vietnam War is also seen as a war of aggression by the United States, not a civil war.[43][44] Therefore, the Republic of Vietnam is considered to be the government of traitors who sold the country to the United States , and the Emperor's Three Elections flag is the flag of traitors. For this reason, it can be seen that Vietnamese people react negatively and angrily when they see the three-employee flag . Currently, in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam , the hoisting of the three-employee flag is prohibited, and if it is hoisted, it will be taken to the police and punished. As you can see in the paragraph below, there are subversive or separatist forces that inherited the Republic of Vietnam, as well as forces for the revival of the Republic of Vietnam . The Republic of Vietnam is a very sensitive topic from the Vietnamese perspective, so mentioning the Republic of Vietnam in front of Vietnamese people is absolutely prohibited. Southern-born Vietnamese tend to have a less negative evaluation of the Republic of Vietnam based on regionalism , but they do not express this openly.

If you search for Việt Nam Cộng Hòa on YouTube , you will see the relevant videos.[45] In fact, even if you don't lean on the official view of Vietnam, South Vietnam is not good because it was an extremely problematic and not independent country.

Bien Hoa National Cemetery, where the Republic of Vietnam Army was buried, was designated as a military zone after communism, and access was controlled and the cemetery was neglected.[46] , has been allowed to enter since 2006, and is being moved or repaired by the bereaved families.

This does not mean that Vietnamese democratization is not good at seeing the Vietnamese Republic.[47] They do not want self -sustained democratization in the Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam , who feels democratic in Ho Chi Minh Living, and does not want to restore the system and political lottery of the Republic of Vietnam. In the NO-U Movement, the Vietnam democratization movement, which has been happening since 2009, protesters are holding a protest with Geumseong Honggi, not the Hwangjeol Samseon . In other words, the current Vietnamese framework is to be maintained but only the dictatorship is finished, and they are also different from the current communist dictatorship.

Still, objective descriptions are gradually increasing in the official history of Vietnam, compared to before, when it was blindly disparaged as an American colonial system. Professor Nguyen Minh Thuyet, who was in charge of compiling Vietnamese history textbooks, said that the Republic of Vietnam is also a clear entity of Vietnamese history, and that both the North Vietnamese and South Vietnamese regimes prioritized economic development, ensuring the welfare of the people, and protecting national sovereignty. He also mentioned that the literary and artistic achievements of South Vietnam deserve recognition. In 2017, the words puppet regime and puppet army were removed from Vietnamese history textbooks and the official name was changed to "Republic of Vietnam." # , ## This reevaluation is possible because there is a need to resolve regional sentiments within Vietnam, the United States is not currently an enemy of Vietnam, and South Vietnamese leaders also had their own tendencies toward Vietnamese nationalism. This can be seen as similar to the limited re-evaluation of Chiang Kai-shek in China .

There are times when the Vietnamese also side with the Republic of Vietnam, and that is the Paracel Islands dispute. Current Vietnam, based on South Vietnamese documents, emphasizes that the Paracel Islands are historically its territory and claims that China 's occupation in 1974 was illegal. # Even in 1974, during the occupation, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam showed concern, although there was no response, and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (Viet Cong) also issued a statement criticizing China. In the video about the Battle of the Paracel Islands on YouTube, most of the comments are made by Vietnamese people who pay tribute to the soldiers of the Republic of Vietnam Navy.

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