President of Paraguay

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※ In the case of Paraguay, even if the term of office is cut off midway and the government comes back to power, it maintains the number of people it had when it first came to power.
File:Coat of arm...
President of the Republic of Paraguay
Presidente de la República del Paraguay
File:Perfil Ofic...
incumbent
inauguration day
2023 August 15th (+1080Day)
party
official residence

1. outline2. Relevant constitutional provisions3. list of past presidents4. characteristic5. look around

1. outline

The President of Paraguay , the head of state and head of government. According to the 1992 Constitution, the term of office is five years and is a single term system. His presidential office is the Lopez Palace in Asuncion and his official residence is Mburubisha Loga . In formal diplomatic protocol, his title is 'Su Excelencia' (His Excellency).

Under the current constitution, the president and vice president are elected jointly, and a general election must be held between 90 and 120 days before the end of the current president's term. The general election is held alone without distinction between the first and second rounds, and the candidate with the highest vote rate is elected.

When the president leaves office, Paraguay's constitution grants him a lifetime senatorship and the right to speak. However, since there is no voting right, it is in fact only an honorary position and an observer function.

The current president is Santiago Pena, who took office on August 15, 2023.

2. Relevant constitutional provisions


Article 226 Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic.

Article 228 To become the President or Vice President of the Republic, the following conditions must be satisfied:
① Must have Paraguayan nationality from birth.
② Must be over 35 years of age.
③ You must be able to fully exercise your citizenship and political rights.

Article 229 The President and Vice-President of the Republic serve together for a period of five years in the performance of their duties. In any of the following cases, you cannot apply for re-election.
①The Vice President serves only the remainder of his term upon succession to the presidency. He can also act as an agent for up to six months.
(2) No person who has held the office of the President for more than 12 months may be elected Vice-President of the Republic.

Article 230 The President and Vice-President of the Republic shall be jointly elected by direct election, with a single vote by a majority. Generally, it is based on being implemented between 90 and 120 days before the expiration of the current government term.

Article 231 If the President and Vice President are unable to take office or hold elections normally as prescribed by the Constitution, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court shall act on behalf of the President and Vice President for a period of time until the next President and Vice President take office.

Article 232 The President and Vice-President of the Republic shall take office in Parliament by taking an oath or promise to fulfill their constitutional obligations faithfully. If Parliament is unable to proceed with the inauguration, it proceeds with the Supreme Court.

Article 233 Neither the President nor the Acting Powers may leave the country without giving prior notice to Congress and the Supreme Court. If the absence is more than 5 days, Senate permission is required. In case of adjournment of Parliament, the Standing Committee takes its place. In no case shall the President and Vice-President of the Republic be absent from Paraguay at the same time.

Article 234 If the President is unable to normally perform his duties due to a vacancy or an accident, the Vice President and the State Councilor, in the order prescribed by law, shall act as the President.[1] If the President-elect is unable to take office normally, the Vice-President-elect shall perform the duties of the President. If the Vice President is absent during the first three years of the President's term, a new Vice President election is held. If there has been a Vice President for even one day during the same period, Congress elects the Vice President.

Article 235 A person who falls under any of the following subparagraphs is not eligible for the office of President or Vice President.
① Minister of Administrative Affairs, Vice Minister or Deputy Minister, and public officials of equivalent rank, public sector director and council chairperson, local government head, person with dual nationality, or chairperson of a multinational company
② Judges and prosecutors
Ombudsman , Auditor and Vice-Chancellors, Prosecutor General, members of the Judicial Council and members of the High Electoral Court
④ Representatives or agents of domestic or foreign companies that do business with the government
⑤ head of religion
⑥ Governor and Mayor
⑦ Soldiers and police officers who are active duty or have been discharged for less than 1 year
⑧ Broadcasting station owner
⑨ Spouses or relatives within 4th degree of a person who has served as president one year before the election or during the election period

In the case of paragraphs 1, 2, 3, and 6, the representative must resign from the position six months before the election day, except in the case of a permanent vacancy.

Article 236 A military commander or civilian warlord who has initiated a coup d'état, armed revolution or similar movement violating the order prescribed by the Constitution shall not hold any public office for two years, regardless of civil or criminal responsibility.

Article 237 During their term of office, the President and Vice President may not concurrently hold other jobs, regardless of whether or not they receive remuneration. They cannot be involved in any transaction, industry or professional activity and must only fulfill their duties as President or Vice President.

Article 238 The following are the duties and powers of the person exercising the office of President of the Republic:
① The president represents the country, and executive power belongs to the government headed by the president.
② Observe and enforce the Constitution and laws.
③ Engage in enacting, promulgating, regulating and enforcing laws in accordance with the Constitution.
④ It has the right to veto all or part of the laws adopted by Parliament, and may raise opinions or objections as it deems appropriate.
⑤ Enact laws requiring the approval of each minister for the effect of the law.
⑥ They have the right to appoint and dismiss public officials.
⑦ Responsible for war or peace negotiations with foreign countries, subject to the approval of Congress. Negotiate with foreign countries or conclude international treaties. Greet and entertain foreign delegations and diplomats. Ambassadors are appointed with the consent of the Senate.
⑧ Report to Parliament at the beginning of each annual meeting on the general situation of the Republic and plans for the future.
⑨ The President shall command the armed forces as prescribed by the Constitution and laws.
⑩ The President may order an amnesty, commutation of sentence, or restoration of rights under conditions prescribed by law.
⑪ Convenes an extraordinary assembly.
(12) Propose to Parliament bills that may be submitted for urgent consideration under the conditions laid down in the Constitution.
⑬ Manage the construction and investment of roads in the Republic in accordance with the national budget and laws, and report the activities to the Parliament every year.
⑭ Prepares a draft annual national budget and submits it to Parliament.
⑮ Enforce the regulations of the authorities established by the Constitution.
⑯ Other duties and powers are indicated in the Constitution.

3. list of past presidents

algebra
name
start of term
end of term
party
note
1 unit
1844.3.13
1862.9.10
2 units
1862.9.10
1870.3.1
3 generations
Facundo Machain
(1845~1877)
1870.8.31
1870.9.1
4 generations
1870.9.1
1871.12.18
5 generations
1871.12.18
1874.11.25
6th
1874.11.25
1877.4.12
7th
Ihinio Uriarte
(1843~1909)
1877.4.12
1878.11.25
8th
Candido Barreiro
(1833~1880)
1878.11.25
1880.9.4
9th
1880.9.4
1886.11.25
teenager
Patricio Escobar
(1843~1912)
1886.11.25
1890.11.25
11th
1890.11.25
1894.6.9
12 generations
Marcos Morinigo
(1848~1901)
1894.6.9
1894.11.25
13th
1894.11.25
1898.11.25
14th
Emilio Acebal
(1853~1931)
1898.11.25
1902.1.9
15th
1902.1.9
1902.11.25
16th
1902.11.25
1904.12.19
17th
1904.12.19
1905.12.9
18s
Cecilio Baez
(1862~1941)
1905.12.9
1906.11.25
19s
Benigno Pereira
(1846~1920)
1906.11.25
1908.7.4
20's
1908.7.4
1910.11.25
21st
Manuel Gondra
(1871~1927)
1910.11.25
1911.1.17
22
albino hara
(1877~1912)
1911.1.17
1911.7.5
23 generations
1911.7.5
1912.2.28
24
Pedro Pablo Pena
(1864~1943)
1912.2.28
1912.3.22
(20's)
1912.3.22
1912.8.15
25s
Eduardo Scheerer
(1873~1941)
1912.8.15
1916.8.15
26
Manuel Franco
(1871~1919)
1916.8.15
1919.6.5
27th
1919.6.5
1920.8.15
(21 units)
Manuel Gondra
(1871~1927)
1920.8.15
1921.11.7
28
Eusebio Ayala
(1875~1942)
1921.11.7
1923.4.12
29
Elihio Ayala
(1879~1930)
1923.4.12
1924.3.17
30's
1924.3.17
1924.8.15
(29 cars)
Elihio Ayala
(1879~1930)
1924.8.15
1928.8.15
31st
1928.8.15
1931.10.25
(20's)
1931.10.25
1932.1.27
(31 units)
1932.1.27
1932.8.15
(28 units)
Eusebio Ayala
(1875~1942)
1932.8.15
1936.2.17
32
Rafael Franco
(1896~1973)
1936.2.17
1937.8.15
33 generations
Felix Piper
(1877~1965)
1937.8.15
1939.8.15
34
1939.8.15
1940.9.7
35s
Ihinio Morinigo
(1897~1983)
1940.9.7
1948.6.3
36 generations
1948.6.3
1948.8.15
37
1948.8.15
1949.1.30
38
Raimundo Rolon
(1903~1981)
1949.1.30
1949.2.26
39 generations
1949.2.26
1949.9.11
40's
Federico Chavez
(1882~1978)
1949.9.11
1954.5.4
41s
1954.5.4
1954.8.15
42
1954.8.15
1989.2.3
43 generations
Andres Rodriguez
(1923~1997)
1989.2.3
1993.8.15
44
1993.8.15
1998.8.15
45s
1998.8.15
1999.3.28
46
1999.3.28
2003.8.15
47s
2003.8.15
2008.8.15
48s
2008.8.15
2012.6.22
49
2012.6.22
2013.8.15
50's
2013.8.15
2018.8.15
51s
2018.8.15
2023.8.15
52
2023.8.15
today

4. characteristic

A characteristic of Paraguay's president is that he is one of the few presidents who took office normally and completed his term safely due to the unstable political situation. The first president, Carlos Antonio López, also overthrew his co-leader, Mariano Roque Alonso, came to power, and after 26 years of dictatorship, even after his death, his son, Francisco Solano López succeeded him. President Facundo Machain, who succeeded him, was overthrown in a coup within 12 hours of taking office. It wasn't until the ninth president, Bernardino Caballero, that the first case of being inaugurated through elections and ending his term safely came out.[35]

Due to the Paraguayan War and the Chaco War , the power of the Paraguayan military became very large, and it controlled and shook the country at will. For three days from January 14, 1912, the presidential term was suspended due to a coup d'état, and the triumvirate was implemented by the military. Among former presidents, the overwhelming majority are military backgrounds.

In addition, a one-party dictatorship form appears. After the Liberal Party and the Colorado Party were founded in 1887, the Colorado Party was in power from 1887 to 1904, the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1940, and the Colorado Party again from 1948 to 2008, and the current president is also a member of the Colorado Party.

In addition, while the incumbent president is 52, the vice president is only in his 30s, which is relatively small. This is due to frequent cases of presidential succession and the vice-presidential system was abolished until 1992 due to the 1940 Constitution.

The president who served the longest term was Alfredo Stroessner , the 42nd president, who served for a whopping 35 years.[36] Due to his long-term dictatorship, the 1992 Constitution after his ouster limited the presidential term to a single five-year term.

By blood relationship, President Lopez His father and cousins ​​Juan Bautista Hill and Ihinio Uriarte . Although not related by blood, Alfredo Stroessner and Andrés Rodriguez are also in-laws. Eusebio Ayala and Elihio Ayala have the same surname but no blood relationship.

5. look around

[ Asia ]
* President under a parliamentary system
** The President of the United Arab Emirates is held by the Emir of Abu Dhabi, who is in fact close to a monarch.
*** Iran's head of state is Rahbar , and the president is the head of government.
Laichingde (first line)
Jose Hamus Horta (re-election)
Joseph Aun (first line)
Mohammed Muijou (first line)
Min Aung Hlaing (first line)
Mohammed Shahabuddin (First selection)
Anura Kumara Dissanayake (First selection)
Ahmed Al Shara (temporary)
Rashad al-alimi
(Chair of the Presidential Guidance Committee)
Nizar Amidi (first line)
Masoud Pezekian (First selection)
Prabowo Subianto (first line)
Kasimzomart Tokayev (re-election)
Sadir Jafarov (first line)
Emomali Rahmon (5 lines)
Asif Ali Zardari (re-election)
Mahmoud Abbas (chosun)
[ europe ]
* President under a parliamentary system
** The heads of state of San Marino are two consuls, not the president.
*** Austria and Portugal are constitutionally dual governments, but de facto parliamentary governments.
Constantino Sul Ras (First line)
Alan Gagloev (first line)
Vladimir Putin (5 lines)
Nikusquir Dan (First line)
Gitanas Nowceda (re-election)
Maia Sandu (re-election)
Denis Becirovic (first line)
Zelka Zvijanovic (chosun)
Zelko Comsic (4th line)
Tufan Erhurman (first line)
Alice Mina (first line)
Vladimiro Selva (first line)
Alexander Vucic (re-election)
Guy Parmelin (re-election)
Peter Pellegrini (first line)
Hadla Thomasdottir (First selection)
Catherine Connolly (first line)
Ilham Aliyev (5 lines)
Byram Vegai (chosun)
Badra Gunba (First line)
alar charis (chosun)
Sergio Mattarella (re-election)
Petr Pavel (chosun)
Albulena Hajiu (Acting Authority)
Toran Milannovic (re-election)
Vadim Krasnoselsky (re-election)
Antonio Jose Seguro (first line)
Carolnavrottsky (First line)
Emmanuel Macron (re-election)
Alexander Stubb (first line)
Forsthofer Agnes (Acting Authority)
[ America ]
[ Africa ]
* President under a parliamentary system
** Current military regime or de facto member of the military of the country in question
John Dramani Mahama (re-election)
Bris Cloter Raise (First line)
Adama Barrow (re-election)
Mamadi Doumbuya (first line)
Orta Ntanaman (temporary)
bola tinubu (chosun)
Cyril Ramaphosa (3rd line)
Joseph Boakai (first line)
paul kagame (4th line)
Mohammed Al Menfi (Chairman of the Presidential Committee)
Peter Mutarica (re-election)
Dharam Gokul (first line)
Daniel Chapu (first line)
Romuald Wadagni (first line)
Duma Boko (first line)
Ibrahim Traore (temporary)
Per Pastep
Bashir Diomai Pie (First selection)
Patrick Herminy (first line)
hassan sheh mahamud (re-election)
Abdelfatah Alburhan (Chair of Sovereignty Committee)
Julius Mada Bio (3 lines)
Abdelmadjid Tebboune (re-election)
Joao Lorenzo (re-election)
Tay Askeslash (first line)
Yoweri Museveni (6 lines)
Emerson Mnangagwa (re-election)
Mahamat Devi Itno (first line)
Paul Biya (8 selections)
William Ruto (chosun)
Azali Asoumani (5 lines)
alasan watara (3 lines)
Felix Tshisekedi (re-election)
Kais Saied (re-election)
[ Oceania ]
* President under a parliamentary system
** Expected independence in 2027
*** Some people view him as a monarch rather than a president.
Nauru First Party
David Adean (first line)
Hilda Heine (re-election)
Wesley Simina (chosun)
Baaletoa Su'alubi II (re-election)
Tanetti Mama (3 lines)
Suangel Whips Junior (re-election)
[1] Speaker of the Senate, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court[A] 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 died in office[B] 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 ousted by coup[C] 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 resignation during term[7] Assassination while in office[9] seized power by coup[D] 22.1 22.2 impeachment while in office[23] return to the presidency[35] Caballero is also a case in which, when his predecessor, Candido Barreiro, died during his term of office, he staged a coup d'état, took over and acted for the remainder of his term, and then won the presidential election in 1882 and formally resumed his term as president.[36] Second place is the first president, Carlos Antonio López , with 26 years, and third place is the 35th president, Ijinio Morinigo, with 7 years and 9 months.

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