Italian President

presidential flag

Italy's head of state .

The term of office is 7 years and there is no limit to reappointment. They are elected indirectly by members of the Senate and House of Representatives and electors appointed by 20 states.

The current president is the 12th Sergio Mattarella.

Italian presidency in 1948 italian republic It was created when the Constitution came into effect. Until 1946, Italy was a monarchy , and the king was the head of state , but as the decision was made to abolish the monarchy in a referendum held on June 2nd, the last king, Umberto II, left asylum on June 13th .

When the post of head of state became vacant due to the exile of King Umberto II, Alcide de Gasperi interim The Prime Minister acted as the head of state, but the Constituent Assembly, which was formed through the general election of the Constituent Assembly held simultaneously with the referendum, elected the interim head of state through a vote , and Enrico De Nicola, a prominent jurist, became the interim head of state. took office in The new constitution enacted by the Constituent Assembly in 1948 It came into effect on January 1 , and the office of the President as the head of state of the Republic was established accordingly. In accordance with the transitional provisions of the Constitutional Addendum, de Nicola became the full president.

In Italy, a country with a parliamentary system of government, the prime minister is the head of government and holds the key to actual state administration. However, as Italy's party structure changed to a multi-party system after the 1990s , the cabinet became extremely weak and political chaos intensified. Therefore, the president, who has the authority to mediate the political chaos caused by the multi-party system, moved away from being a symbolic head of state and fully exercised the powers of the head of state in practice. can exercise

The president may dismiss the parliament in an emergency state and nominate the prime minister.[1] In addition to the exhibition, the prime minister resigns not only due to the exhibition but also due to the conflict in the park, and the president acts as a mediator who corrects the confusing state in the absence of government. It is also possible to directly appoint about one -third of the Constitutional Court Judges, and is also the final approval of the law that passed the parliament .

Compared to the opaque prime minister, the president is guaranteed a long and stable term of seven years.

The President of Italy must be an Italian citizen over 50 years of age. They are elected by secret ballot by the Electoral College, which consists of 400 members of the House of Representatives, 200 senators, and 58 special electors appointed by 20 states . The number of electoral college members, 658, was reduced as the number of lawmakers was reduced due to the 2020 constitutional amendment. There are more than 1,000 electoral votes until the 2022 presidential election. A two-thirds vote is required until the third round of voting, but only a majority is required from subsequent rounds of voting. If no candidate receives a majority of votes, the process continues. In the 1971 presidential election, he voted 23 times. It is sometimes compared to a conclave in that voting is repeated until the results are known and candidates do not campaign .

There is no constitutional limit on re-election, but no one ran for re-election until President Giorgio Napolitano was re-elected in 2013 . Napolitano also did not intend to be re-elected due to his old age, but was forced to re-elect the next president as he was not elected until the fifth round of voting. He announced that he would not serve a full second term and eventually resigned about two years later at the age of 89. His successor, President Sergio Mattarella, was reappointed for the same reason.

The acting president is a person who temporarily exercises the president's authority, so the number is not counted separately.