Kenan Evren

Turkish soldier and politician. He served from 1982 to 1989 and was the 7th president and dictator of the Republic of Turkey .

In 1917, he was born between Albanian father and Bulgarian mother in Alachhir in the Ottoman Empire , graduated from the artillery academy in 1938 and participated in the Korean War . From 1958 to 1959, he served in Korea as the Brigade of Turkiye. He became an army staff in 1961 and was promoted to a general in 1964. In 1977, he was promoted to the Army Chief of Staff, and in 1978, he became the chief commander of the Turki Yeon .

Evren's rise to the post of commander-in-chief of the Turkish army seized the opportunity of the extreme political, social and economic instability that prevailed in Turkey in the late 1970s . At the time, Turkey was dominated by the centre-left Republican People's Party (Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, CHP) led by Bülent Ezebit.[2] and the National Front, a right-wing coalition led by the Justice Party (AP, Adalet Partisi) led by Prime Minister Suleiman Demirel, and the Millî Selamet Partisi (MSP), a conservative Islamic party led by Nezmetin Erbakan. In the midst of conflicting powers, numerous political assassinations, terrorism and crimes were rampant, and the Prime Minister's office was replaced three times in the last five years of the 1970s .

Evren first acted in late 1979 by having a direct subordinate write a report on a possible coup. In the early 1980s , the second report was written, and the situation was escalating toward a pole. At the time, Prime Minister Demirel had already received information from the Turkish National Intelligence Service about the suspicious movements of the military in 1979 , but the cabinet had virtually no means to respond to Evren, who was in command of the mighty Turkiye army .

1980 On the morning of September 12th , Evren and the military take action . The prime minister and officials were powerless before him , who seized military power and pressured government agencies in Istanbul and Ankara . After expelling Demirel's cabinet, he established the National Security Council (NSC) and assumed power as its chairman and acting head of state for two years.[3] At this time, he is famous for saying, "Freedom is too great a luxury for Turkiye" while dissolving the previous parliament.

At the time, Greece withdrew from NATO out of resentment towards the West for turning a blind eye to Turkiye's actions in the 1974 Cyprus War, but was trying to rejoin as security threats increased . The problem was that Turkiye continued to oppose NATO in a situation where membership could only be achieved with unanimous consent from NATO members. At this time, Kenan Evren, who appeared like a star, was able to be tolerated by the Jimmy Carter administration of the United States in return for agreeing to Greece's rejoining of NATO. At the time, the CIA director in charge of Turkey, Paul Henze, spoke openly in favor of Kenan Ebren's coup.

In November 1982, he amended the constitution in the name of the National Security Council and ran for the presidential election, and on November 9, 1982, he was inaugurated as the 7th President of Turkey with a single term of 7 years . Previously, politics in Turkey had been returning to the parliamentary system, but Evren's constitutional amendment was a presidential system in which all powers were concentrated in the president and the cabinet and prime minister were filled with the president's hands and feet.

According to AlphaGo Sina, at that time, the support of the people of Turkey for Kenan Evren was very high. At the time of the constitutional amendment, a whopping 93% approval rating came out, and this is also said to be based on the sincere consent of the people, not manipulation by the military . It was because the people of Turkey were completely exhausted from the extreme political turmoil of the late 1970s. The public's high support for Kenan Evren is later shattered when the brutal torture is exposed.

The period of Kenan Ebren's regime is a time when light and shadows are clearly divided, as with all dictatorships. Most of the Turki trims define his tenure as the darkest and cruel period in Turkiye . It depends on statistics, but civilians ranging from 250,000 to 650,000 were arrested under the Ebren regime.[4] More than 14,000 people were deprived of citizenship and 50 people were executed. Of course, assassinations and purge, which are not officially recorded, are estimated to be dozens of times.

Illegal surveillance of civilians, arrest without warrant, and torture were also prevalent. Hundreds to thousands of people were taken away by the military and police and tortured, and some never returned. In addition, he banned all activities of existing political parties and politicians, allowed only government opposition parties to run for election, and destroyed the democracy of Turkey, which had been difficult to maintain with the new constitution that gave the president transcendental powers .

On the other hand, Evren is also given a contradictory modifier: a leader who revived the economy of Turkiye with strong leadership. In the late 1970s, the economy of Turkey was on the verge of bankruptcy as none of the parties came up with a solution even though the Republican People's Party, the Justice Party, and the Nationalist Action Party took power alternately. However, after taking office, Kenan Ebren succeeded in minimizing murderous inflation based on strong monetary policy and globalizing the economy and industry of Turkey through the support of the International Monetary Fund . It was during the period of Evren's administration that he developed and modernized southeastern Anatolia , which was underdeveloped compared to the central and western regions .

In December 1982, a Turkish president visited Korea for the first time and held talks with President Chun Doo- hwan. Following the visit of then Prime Minister and current President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in 2004, President Roh Moo-hyun's visit to Turkey in 2005 marked the first visit by a head of state in 23 years. On November 9, 1989, his seven-year term ended and he resigned as president.

After resigning from the presidency, Evren devotes himself to life as an amateur painter in a village on the Mediterranean coast. However, although there was a surge of public opinion at home and abroad to punish Evren for carrying out numerous judicial killings, illegal torture, inspections, and purges, public opinion against him was muted under the secularist government influenced by the military, and then Islamist It began to surface again in earnest after the civilian government led by the Justice and Development Party (AKP) came into power.

The Leth Type Erdogan government has reviewed legal punishment for Canan Even since the early 2000s, but the actual prosecution was only made in 2012. In 2014, the lifetime sentence was sentenced to lifetime for allegations of national abalone, murder and murder teachers. At this time, however, Even was already 96 -year -old old age and was bad for his health, so it was impossible to attend the trial properly, and in 2015, at the age of 97, he ended his life at the Armed Forces Hospital in Ankara .

Although he was a hard-line secularist, his authoritarian secularism, relying on military force, began to lose public trust, causing Kemalism , which had strongly ruled Turkey for a long time, to face a crisis .

Similarly, Jemal Gurcel, who came to power through a military coup and was a hard-line secularist, distanced himself from the military after taking office, moderately embraced pro-Islam politicians, steered the political situation, and was even talked about as the second father of the nation after Kemal. figure.

It is similar to the parallel theory with former President Chun Doo -hwan. In 1980, he had a coup, a constitutional amendment and an election election, or had a dictatorship that only allowed the opposition parties, or stabilized inflation that had been prevalent, or was told as the darkest and cruel times in the modern history of the country, lived up to 90s, or seven years It is similar to being sentenced to life or even after the term of term, but not a proper law.[5] Even the introduction of color broadcasting[6] It is similar to writing the same music with news opening music . Given that the two have met in person, they may not be able to do something for soldiers from dictators.[7]

It is the last President of the Ottoman Empire .

The Turkiye remake of the movie The Gift from Cell No. 7 is set in 1983, during the three-year period of martial law from the 1980 Turkiye coup led by Kenan Evren to the general election. Therefore, the issue of torture and extrajudicial killings by the Turkic Army military police (Jandarma) at the time and the oppressive social atmosphere are depicted in a bloody manner.