Liechtenstein family

This is the official price of Liechtenstein . It is a family with a history of about 900 years.

The aristocratic family, which was launched near Vienna , Austria , Hugo von Liechenstein, the ancestor of the Liechenstein family in the early 12th century, gradually expanded the forces of the family, and in 1608 Karl I was the Holy Roman Emperor Liechtenstein's history began as he was recognized by Matthias . The Liechtenstein family has owned many lands in many areas in the current Austria , Slovenia , and the Czech Republic , which belonged to the Habsburg Empire . However, this was not as a commitment to the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, which was owned by the Emperor's Habsburgs , which was owned by the Emperor's Habsburg family , or the Bowhemia kingdom owned by the Emperor's Habsburg family at the time , but at the time. This is an imperial position[1] It is called.

At the time, Hans Adam I at the time purchased the imperial decree (1699) and the Shellenberg Nam -Ori (1712) , which were then imperial decree to become a direct subordinate to the imperial council . Later, in 1719, the Holy Roman Emperor Karl VIII was promoted to the Principal of Barle of Shellenberg and Count Paduts to promote the Principal . Normally, the European aristocratic family is often named after the name of the territory they rule, and it can be thought of the family's surname from Liechtenstein Principal, but Liechtenstein is the opposite of the surname of the Liechtenstein family. The same case as the Ottoman Empire and Saudi Arabia . The surname of Liechtenstein itself comes from the name of Burg Liechtenstein, not the Principal of Liechtenstein, but in Maria Enzersdorf near Vienna, Austria. This castle was lost in the 13th century, and then restored in the 19th century and was again owned by the family. In any case, the Anton Florian I of the Liechtenstein family became the imperialism of the Holy Roman Emperor, and Gongga ruled the Liechtenstein Principal, but still worked in Austria , not Liechtenstein. During the Austrian succession war, which broke out in 1741, Joseph Benzel I led the Austrian military cavalry as a Liechtenstein ball and participated in the battle of Kotu Gitz .

Because it was a territory acquired purely for political reasons, it is quite ironic in light of the current situation in which the family only governs the Principality of Liechtenstein. However, as mentioned above at the time, from the perspective of the Liechtenstein family, which was already a land-rich landowner with a large estate in the Kingdom of Bohemia, the Dukedom of Liechtenstein, which was small in the mountains, was not a very wealthy or important territory except for the right to participate in the Imperial Assembly, so until 1818, none of the family members No one has visited the Principality of Liechtenstein. Moreover, the year the reigning Duke of Liechtenstein first visited the Principality of Liechtenstein was in 1842, well over 100 years after the establishment of the Principality. Even though it was the first visit, the duchy lived in Vienna, Austria for a long time and had no interest in the Principality of Liechtenstein. The reason for moving from Austria, where Gongga was the main stage, to Vaduz, Liechtenstein[2] It was due to the Nazi Anschluss in 1938 .

During World War II, Liechtenstein's economy was faltering, and art works owned by the family were sold to help the economy recover.[3] As mentioned above, the Liechtenstein family owned 1,600 square kilometers of land in the Opava region of present-day Czechoslovakia, but the area was only real estate owned by the Liechtenstein family and not territory, so unlike mainland Liechtenstein, the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed in 1918. After the independence of Czechoslovakia , it was transferred to Czechoslovak territory, and after the end of World War II, Edvard Due to the Benesi Proclamation of Czechoslovak President Beneš , all of the territory of the Liechtenstein family was confiscated by the Czechoslovak government.[4] The duchy's fiefdom remains only in the mini-state of the current Duchy of Liechtenstein , which is still reigning as the monarchical family of the Duchy of Liechtenstein.

The current head of the Liechtenstein family is Hans Adam II, monarch of the Duchy of Liechtenstein . The title is called Fürst in the original German language, and in Korea, various translations such as archduke , duke , duke , and marquis abound. For translation issues, please refer to the respective items in the Titles/Europe , Prince , Duke (title) , Marquis , Duchy , and Duchy documents, and for the ruling title Fürst, please refer to the corresponding items in the Prince document. For reference, in China, the translation is different, and together with Monaco , it is called 'Chinwang (親王)'.

Within the principality, the family's influence is considerable, and it has quite a bit of power , including the right to veto bills and dissolve parliament . While the authority of royal families around the world is shrinking day by day,[7] Liechtenstein is unusual in that in 2003 , in the 21st century, a constitutional amendment to expand royal power , including the right to dissolve parliament, appoint judges, and veto laws, was passed with the support of the people in a referendum , further strengthening the authority of the royal family. In 2012 , due to the European Union 's warning that the Liechtenstein family's royal power was undemocratic, a referendum was held on the Liechtenstein side to reluctantly ask whether to strip the family of its right to veto laws. However, close to 80% of Liechtenstein citizens supported that it was right for the royal family to have the right to veto laws. Therefore, it was decided to maintain the authority. In the English Wikipedia, the authority of the House of Liechtenstein was compared to that of the President of France .

Even as other European royal families are changing the law of succession to the absolute primogeniture system , the Salica law is still being maintained. The European Union recommended a change to this, but[8] , Hans Adam II said that the law was made before the establishment of the Principality of Liechtenstein, so he could not change it at will. In the Liechtenstein family, succession laws are not changed by the monarch, government, or parliament, but are decided at a meeting of all family members.

This family is extremely male-centered, starting from the direct descendants, so no matter how they vote, it is certain that the change to the succession law will be rejected. Even if the change to the succession law is passed, compensation must be provided to the descendants who are behind in ranking, which creates the additional headache of having to distribute the property to collateral lines. In addition, there are more than 50 male descendants alone, so there is no urgent reason to change the succession law. In the existing European royal families, maternal succession and alliances were common for political reasons, but paradoxically, this family had many male descendants because the family was small and there were few checks on succession rights. It was also helpful that the family title was low, so the guard line for marrying nobles was low. Looking at the past Dukes of Liechtenstein , there were several from Standeshair , but there was only one from the same Liechtenstein ruling family. Rather, the current hereditary princess Sophie, who is from the Wittelsbach family, is of a higher rank. Considering that many of the old royal families who set a high limit on marriage between nobles were divided one after another... And they tend to be prolific faithfully to the Catholic faith, and when you look at the increased gender ratio of their descendants, the male-to-male phenomenon is so severe that it is best to leave it as is.

In fact, the Liechtenstein family is one of the most prosperous families along with the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg among the current European royal families . Prince Alfred, the direct ancestor of the current duchy, has 7 sons and 3 daughters, Prince Alois has 6 sons and 2 daughters, and Alois's eldest son and father of Hans Adam II , Franz Joseph II , has 4 sons and 1 daughter. He has 3 sons and 1 daughter, and hereditary Prince Alois has 3 sons and 1 daughter, showing what it means to be a father and son.

The family's native language is German , but they also speak English , French and Italian . The tax rate in Liechtenstein is very low, as the family's business profits cover a significant portion of the national budget.[9]

Because the family accounts for a significant portion of the national budget, it has great authority and is recognized by the people. In one example, when the Liechtenstein parliament passed a law allowing abortion , the hereditary prince and regent Alois Philippe Maria is a conservative Catholic Perhaps because his aristocratic way of thinking was incomprehensible, he sold the country to Bill Gates, changed the country's name to Microsoft , and threatened to return to his home in Vienna, Austria . Liechtenstein is a country maintained by the duchy, so the parliament eventually gave in to hereditary Prince Alois and rejected the bill. New York Times article[10]

The Liechtenstein family is the richest royal family in Europe, with Hans Adam II owning assets worth 7.6 billion Swiss francs or 9 trillion Korean won.[11] Gongga manages its assets through diversified investments in stocks, private equity, bonds, hedge funds, real estate, private loans, and insurance. Additionally, the Gong family owns 100% of private banking group LGT Bank, one of the largest royal-owned banks in the world. Prince Maximilian, the second son of Hans Adam II, is also recording high returns with the Princely Fund managed by LGT. Most members of the family are very well-versed in finance, to the extent that not only Prince Maximilian but also hereditary Prince Alois, the current regent of the Duchy of Liechtenstein, was in charge of managing the family's property.

The dispersion of assets by the Liechtenstein family is an asset management rule for safely owning assets that was established after all real estate owned by the Liechtenstein family in Austria was confiscated by Adolf Hitler, the dictator of Nazi Germany, who annexed Austria in 1938.[12] In addition, the Liechtenstein family owns not only financial assets but also highly valuable works of art and treasures, and when Liechtenstein's economy was shaken during World War II, Emperor Franz Josef II sold off the works of art. In 2018, the treasures of the Duke family were exhibited in Korea, and a special exhibition 'Treasures of the Liechtenstein Royal Family' was held at the National Palace Museum .