windsor dynasty

The royal family of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth .

It is a family that rules over 15 countries , 3 royal territories, and 14 overseas territories , and is the royal family that rules the largest territory in the world based on a constitutional monarchy . It was originally from the German Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty, but it was founded as World War I broke out and anti-German sentiment spread throughout England.[2] The current head is Charles III .

A dynastic change occurred in the British royal family when Prince Albert married Queen Victoria and their descendants became members of the duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Saxe-Coburg-Gotha family of Saxony It was the descendant of the Wettin family , and the Wettin family was a prestigious German family with a long history of over 1,000 years of history, ruling the Margrave of Meissen and the Prince of Thuringia in the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Electorate of Saxony and the Kingdom of Saxony. The Saxe-Coburg-Gotha family was the Ernst line, which was the eldest line of the Wettin family, and was actually a branch of the Albrecht line, which had won the thrones of the Kingdom of Saxony and the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania .

Originally, the second son's line was not better than the main family, but during the Schmalkalden War around the 16th century , the Habsburg family became Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire and King of Spain. Moritz , Duke of Saxony and Meissen of the Albrechtian line (branch), who was in conflict with Johann Frederick I , Elector of Saxony of the Ernst line (main family), who opposed Charles V , formed an alliance with the brothers Charles V and Ferdinand I , defeated Johann Frederick I in the Battle of Mülberg , and took over the title of Elector and important territories such as Wittenberg . By taking over , the power of the main family and branch family was reversed. Afterwards, the estate of former Ernst-based elector Johann Frederick I, with only the area of ​​present-day Thuringia remaining, was divided among his three sons after his death, and was organized into four groups around the 19th century , one of which was the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha family.

Although the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha family was a ruling family, it was the monarch of a small country . However, when Duke Albert's uncle, Leopold I , ascended to the throne as the first king of Belgium , and Edward VII ascended to the throne of England, their status rose as a royal family that acquired the crowns of several countries at once. In addition, they took the throne of Portugal and the new kingdom of Bulgaria, making them one of the greatest families in Europe, holding the thrones of four countries at once.

When World War I broke out in 1914, the royal family could no longer maintain the German family name. As the Queen of Victoria of the Hannover dynasty married Albert , as it can be seen from the renamed Saxony Koburg Gota Dynasty , the British royal family was both German dynasty, and the socialist atmosphere of war and the war of the monarchs of wars . The royal family was considering a renaming for survival, overlapping the anti -German sentiment .

In 1917, King George V was opposed to changing the family name, but when Gotha bombers of the German Imperial Army bombed the capital London on June 13, 1917 , the family name became a must-change issue, and names to replace the German family name were searched. The main candidates mentioned at the time were old dynasty names such as Plantagenet , Tudor , and Stuart , as well as 'Tudor Stuart', 'Fitzroy',[4] Names such as 'Gelph' were mentioned, but the name of the old dynasty was reminiscent of a history that ended poorly, and other names had an exotic feel, so they were rejected. On that very day, Lord Stamfordham, who was the royal secretary, proposed the name of the family after Windsor Castle , an old royal villa dating back to the time of William the Conqueror, where he works, and it was accepted.[source]

On July 17, 1917, the royal name was established as 'Windsor' and it was stipulated that Queen Victoria's male descendants would be eligible to become members of the Windsor royal family. At the same time , all German titles and estates belonging to the family were liquidated, completely severing the relationship between the British royal family and Germany. At this time, the Betin family coat of arms, which had been used for over 1,000 years, was also organized. As a result, England's Saxe-Coburg-Gotha dynasty ended in just two generations: Edward VII and George V.

At the time, George V's German relatives also changed their last name. Alexander Confucius of Bartenberg, who was a British navy of Queen Victoria , and Bartenberg's nephew of Ludwig Confucius and Ludwig Queen, and the grandson of Queen Victoria, changed the castle to Mount Baton and received the act of Milford Haven and after Carris Brook. Tech's younger brother of Tech's Queen of Tech, Tech's Duke Adolpus, changed the castle to Cambridge, which was his mother's family.

When Wilhelm II , George V's cousin and German emperor, heard this news, he wrote " Shakespeare 's comedy The Merry Wives of Saxe - Coburg and Gotha ".[6] “I have to watch it,” he said sarcastically.

After the founder George V, Edward VIII and George VIII continued to the Queen Elizabeth II. At the time, there was a controversy over the change of the king's lighting, but the other European royal family did so, but in the British royal family, when the son Edward VIII of Victoria was crowned, the dynasty was changed from Hannover to Saxony Covurg Gota. In the next generation, there was a custom that the dynasty was changed to the army of the next generation. In other words, if it was a custom, the dynasty had to be replaced by the queen's husband Philip Mount Bathton's surname, 'Mount Bathton Dynasty'.

However, unlike previous cases, even when the current King Charles III reigns, the dynasty name does not change and it is still Windsor . In 1952, the Queen officially declared, "I and my children shall be named and known as members of the House of Windsor, and my descendants, excluding married female descendants and female descendants, shall bear the name Windsor ."

In this regard , when Elizabeth II III was crowned, Philip's uncle Louis Mount Bathton insisted that the British royal family should be changed to Mount Bathton . The contrast of Mary the Great, who had been surviving, was rugged, and the king of England continued It is widespread that the name of the dynasty has not been changed because he notified Prime Minister Winston Churchill that he will be Windsor , but this is not clear . In fact, when Louis was asked about the name of the royal family, Louis was not able to attend a teenage meeting at the time of meeting with the dynasty, so Louis did not know the results of the meeting. It was just what I answered. Afterwards, when reporters made an accurate advice, the contrast of King Mary was confirmed that "the name of the royal family will be fixed to Windsor."

Louis Mount Bathton , meanwhile , claimed that Mount Bathton dynasty ruled Britain for two months. According to Mount Bathton genealogy, which was written by Louis Mount Bathton and distributed to his acquaintances, the Mount Baton family ruled British from February 6, 1952 , when Elizabeth II was named at the time of marriage, to Winston Churchill 's advice from April 9, when he continued to use Winston Churchill as a dynasty. there is.

However , in accordance with the 1960 Privy Council declaration that sought to differentiate between the surname 'Windsor' of the descendants of King George V and the surnames of the Queen's descendants, who do not have the honorific title 'His Royal Highness', paternal descendants use the surname ' Mountbatten-Windsor' .[8] If descendants of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip must use a surname , they use Mountbatten-Windsor, but the royal family's name continues to be 'Windsor'. It can be said to be a rare case where the surname and family name do not match. Prince Edward 's children Louise and James , who do not use the honorific title "Your Royal Highness," use Mountbatten-Windsor as their last name. Andrew, who was stripped of his princely title as of October 30, 2025, also uses Mountbatten-Windsor as his surname.

However, it is possible to change the dynasty because it is not legally binding to declare the dynasty of the dynasty. However, it is likely that the dynasty will continue to be maintained unless there is a great reason for the name 'Windsor'.

There is no legal or official definition of the scope of members of the royal family. However, the “Royal Family List” published by the Lord Chamberlain defines the scope of royal family members as all descendants of George VI and their spouses , and cousins ​​of Queen Elizabeth II and their spouses .

According to the 1917 proclamation, all male descendants of Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert living in England can use 'Windsor', and women can use their husband's last name when they marry. However, except for the descendants of George V, there are currently no descendants who use Windsor as their last name. This is because today, the descendants of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , the son of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, who are of the remaining male lineage, use 'Saxe-Coburg and Gotha' as their surname.[10]

Queen Elizabeth II's husband, Prince Philip, is from the Glücksburg dynasty of Greece , so he is a male descendant of Prince Philip.[11] Charles III , Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor , Prince Edward , Prince William , Prince Harry , Prince George , Prince Louis , Archie , and James are ranked 21st to 29th in succession to the Glücksburg throne. For details, see Oldenburg Dynasty .

The numbers in parentheses indicate the order of succession to the throne, and the bold text indicates succession to the throne. Also, the italics mean divorced. The family tree of the King of England and head of the Windsor Dynasty is classified and described separately.

These are the kings of the Windsor Dynasty.

The sentence on the left is used outside Scotland, and the sentence on the right is used in the Scottish region.

The golden lion wearing the red crown of St Edward's represents England, and the white unicorn symbolizes Scotland. If you look at the shield in the middle, the three lions on a red background are the coat of arms of England, the lion on a yellow background is the coat of arms of Scotland, and the harp on a blue background is the coat of arms of Ireland.

In the text, Honi Soit Qui Mal Y Pense[37] In Norman, it means "those who think badly are ashamed." DIEU et Mon Droit means 'God and My Rights' in French, and In Defens, the motto of the King of England, is an abbreviation of In My Defens God Me Defend. Nemo Me iMPUNE LACESSIT is the motto of King Scotland in Latin, and is interpreted as "no one annoys me."