Christian II
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7th King of the Kalmar League of Sweden | |||||||||||||||
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Dead | 1559 January 25th (age 77) | ||||||||||||||
Danish-Norwegian Kingdom Calunborbire Castle | |||||||||||||||
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1. outline
The son of King Hans and Christina of Saxony , the last king of the Kalmar Union and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein .
Lastly, he was the king of Denmark .
Lastly, he was the king of Denmark .
2. career
At the time he was crowned, Scandinavia was led by King Denmark , led by King Denmark , Norway , and Sweden ( including Finland ) , formed a alliance called Kalmar Union . However, the Swedish aristocrats, who were dissatisfied with the foreign king who lived only in Denmark and prioritized the interests of Denmark, rejected the King Danish by establishing regents as their representative . Already the successor to the throne[5] In 1497 and 1501, when he was his status, he participated in the conquest of Sweden, and later served as governor of Norwegian and tried to reduce the influence of the Norwegian aristocrats.
In 1513, he was crowned King Denmark and Norwegian King, but since Erik III, the Danish kings had to sign a charter who agreed to the restrictions of kingship when they had a coronation . In addition, he is a Dutch called Dyveke SigbritsDatter 1490 ~ 1517 The government was placed in the government, and the dissatisfaction of the Danish aristocrats was amplified as she and her mother, Sigbrit Willoms? When Dubbeke was suspected of poisoning in 1517, he executed the aristocrats who were suspected of poisoning in an excessive way, and the aristocrats raised their hatred of Christian II.
Around the time Dubecke was poisoned, he decided to subjugate Sweden, which was continuing its anti-independence actions, and recruited nobles and clergy who were still friendly to the Kalmar Union, such as Gustave Trollet, Archbishop of Uppsala, and attacked Sweden, which was in disarray due to the confusion that arose during the election of a regent, and appointed the Swedish regent, Sten Sture den yngre (1493-1520).[6] defeated him and took the Swedish throne. However, after entering Stockholm , he invited major Swedish nobles and clergy to Tre Kronor, with the aim of breaking the power of the Swedish nobility, and then went on a rampage, killing 82 people. This incident, which is remembered in history as the 'Stockholm Massacre', led to the Swedish War of Independence led by Gustav Vasa , who lost his father . Gustav Vasa, who drove out the Danish army and German mercenaries, held a class parliament with the remaining nobles and dethroned Christian II from the Swedish throne.
In this situation, he would make up for the situation and enforced the revision of the law. The content was to limit the rights of aristocrats and clergy, strengthen the rights of farmers, and cultivate the market. It seemed to be a good law of promoting commerce and improving the civil rights of the people, but the reality was ambitious that the country would monopolize the money. Eventually, even the Chinese alliance turned back, and the Danish aristocrats finally abandoned him in 1523 and invited Friedrich to Danm Denmark, Danmark, Danmark. Even when Norway was destroyed , he fled to Habsburg, the Netherlands , and later converted to Lutheran . Emperor and Spain Karl V took his nephews to grow as a Protestantism under his father who had no territory, and he took Christian II's children, and eventually he was converted to Catholic.
In 1531 he led the army and landed in Oslo , Norway , but failed to occupy the castle. He was arrested by the words of Frederik I, who would be exiled safely , and initially he was later confined to Calunbor Castle.
When Frederik I died in 1533, the Oldenburgs, Copenhagen , and Malmo citizens, which were dominated by the descendants of Gerhard I, led the Grevens Fejde, the last succession of the Denmark for the purpose of restoring Christian II . However, for Christian II, the son of Frederik I and Christian II, his cousin's younger brother, Christian III, won the war in Copenhagen as King Denmark. However, Christian III gave Christian II a freedom to freely live in the castle.
On January 25, 1559, he died in Calunborc's Castle. It was after the 24th after the death of his cousin , Christian III, on January 1 of the same year .
In 1513, he was crowned King Denmark and Norwegian King, but since Erik III, the Danish kings had to sign a charter who agreed to the restrictions of kingship when they had a coronation . In addition, he is a Dutch called Dyveke SigbritsDatter 1490 ~ 1517 The government was placed in the government, and the dissatisfaction of the Danish aristocrats was amplified as she and her mother, Sigbrit Willoms? When Dubbeke was suspected of poisoning in 1517, he executed the aristocrats who were suspected of poisoning in an excessive way, and the aristocrats raised their hatred of Christian II.
Around the time Dubecke was poisoned, he decided to subjugate Sweden, which was continuing its anti-independence actions, and recruited nobles and clergy who were still friendly to the Kalmar Union, such as Gustave Trollet, Archbishop of Uppsala, and attacked Sweden, which was in disarray due to the confusion that arose during the election of a regent, and appointed the Swedish regent, Sten Sture den yngre (1493-1520).[6] defeated him and took the Swedish throne. However, after entering Stockholm , he invited major Swedish nobles and clergy to Tre Kronor, with the aim of breaking the power of the Swedish nobility, and then went on a rampage, killing 82 people. This incident, which is remembered in history as the 'Stockholm Massacre', led to the Swedish War of Independence led by Gustav Vasa , who lost his father . Gustav Vasa, who drove out the Danish army and German mercenaries, held a class parliament with the remaining nobles and dethroned Christian II from the Swedish throne.
In this situation, he would make up for the situation and enforced the revision of the law. The content was to limit the rights of aristocrats and clergy, strengthen the rights of farmers, and cultivate the market. It seemed to be a good law of promoting commerce and improving the civil rights of the people, but the reality was ambitious that the country would monopolize the money. Eventually, even the Chinese alliance turned back, and the Danish aristocrats finally abandoned him in 1523 and invited Friedrich to Danm Denmark, Danmark, Danmark. Even when Norway was destroyed , he fled to Habsburg, the Netherlands , and later converted to Lutheran . Emperor and Spain Karl V took his nephews to grow as a Protestantism under his father who had no territory, and he took Christian II's children, and eventually he was converted to Catholic.
In 1531 he led the army and landed in Oslo , Norway , but failed to occupy the castle. He was arrested by the words of Frederik I, who would be exiled safely , and initially he was later confined to Calunbor Castle.
When Frederik I died in 1533, the Oldenburgs, Copenhagen , and Malmo citizens, which were dominated by the descendants of Gerhard I, led the Grevens Fejde, the last succession of the Denmark for the purpose of restoring Christian II . However, for Christian II, the son of Frederik I and Christian II, his cousin's younger brother, Christian III, won the war in Copenhagen as King Denmark. However, Christian III gave Christian II a freedom to freely live in the castle.
On January 25, 1559, he died in Calunborc's Castle. It was after the 24th after the death of his cousin , Christian III, on January 1 of the same year .
3. ancestry
3.1. Ancestor
me | parents | grandparents | great grandparents |
Christian II (Christian II) | |||
Heilwig of Schauenburg (Heilwig von Holstein) | |||
Dorothea of Brandenburg (Dorothea von Brandenburg) | |||
Barbara of Saxony Butenberg (Barbara von Sachsen-Wittenberg) | |||
Christina of Saxony (Christina von Sachsen) | |||
Margarete of Austria (Margarethe von Österreich) | |||
Elizabeth of Bavaria (Elisabeth von Bayern) | |||
Brownsu Bike Grubenhagen's Anna (Anna von Braunschweig-Grubenhagen) |
3.2. children
children | name | birth | Dead | Spouse/Child |
1 boy | Hans of Denmark (Hans of Denmark) | |||
1 daughter | Dorothea, Elector of the Palatinate (Dorothea, Electress Palatine) | Frederick II, Elector of the Palatinate | ||
2 daughters | Christine, Duchess of Lorraine (Christina, Duchess of Lorraine) | Milan Duke Francesco II Sport Cha | ||
François I, Duke of Lorraine 1 son and 2 daughters |
4. digression
- Due to the Stockholm Massacre, he was given the stigma of being a tyrant (Kristian Tyrann) in Sweden, and even in Denmark, his home country, he sat by and ignored the government and her mother's manipulation of state affairs, and when the government was poisoned, he recklessly executed suspected nobles and pushed for legal revisions.
- Queen Isabella of Austria is the second daughter of Felipe I and Juana I , co-kings of the United Kingdom of Castile . Unlike her husband, who was treated as a black man by both Denmark and Sweden, Isabel had a great personality and, unusually for a member of the Habsburg family , was an open-minded person who sympathized with Martin Luther and Protestant ideas, so she was evaluated well. It is said that at the time of Isabelle's death, Denmark and Norway, which dethroned her, also expressed condolences. The current Danish royal family , descendants of Frederick I, who overthrew Isabel, named the princess Isabella , after Isabella . In many ways, this relationship reminds me of Joseon's Yeonsangun and Geochanggun's wife, Lady Shin.[8]
- The only son, Hans, received many compliments for his intelligence and dignity, but died young in exile. Christine, the second daughter, married Francesco II Sforza, Duke of Milan, who was almost as old as her father , but her husband died a year after she married her, leaving her a widow. Later, she was courted by Henry VIII of England, who was looking for his fourth queen, but he was already aware of his notoriety throughout Europe, so he said to the English ambassador who came to propose , "If I had two heads, I would gladly give one to your king, but unfortunately, I only have one head!" He outright refused.[9] Fortunately, his life with François I, Duke of Lorraine , whom he married after kicking Henry VIII, was happy, but he also lived a tumultuous life, as François I died first and even his young son, who became Duke of Lorraine, was taken away by France. Still, her descendants prospered and spread throughout European royal families, and Christine's direct descendant was Franz I, Duke of Lorraine .
5. look around
Christian II related framework | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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[1] Concurrently the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein .[2] The younger sister of Charles V and older sister of Ferdinand I.[3] Palz Preemptive Married with Friedrich II .[4] Milano peacock Married to Francesco II Sforcha .[5] Denmark was the electoral theme until 1660, so there was no official prince .[6] His seven villagers and their first regents were the names of Sten Sturre, who defeated Christian II's grandfather Christian I in the Battle of Brunkeberry, so the former is called Sten Sture Den äldre 1440 ~ 1503.[7] Eldest son of Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg .[8] Even the son and heir (Hans/ Dethroned Crown Prince Igo ), unlike his father, had a good reputation for being intelligent, but died young, and only the princesses grew up to be adults and continued the generation.[9] This anecdote also appears in Season 3 of The Tudors , a drama about the life of Henry VIII . Hans Holbein , the court painter to Henry VIII at the time of their courtship, painted her portrait. # Afterwards, when Henry VIII and Princess Anna of the Duchy of Jülich Klebeberg of Germany discussed marriage, Holbein also painted a portrait of Anna. Henry VIII, who was fascinated by Anna's chaste appearance in the portrait, immediately married her... but see the Anne of Cleves document for details.
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