Carl X Gustave

The first king of the Palatinate-Zweibruecken dynasty in Sweden .

Palatinatezweibrückenkleburg[1] The son of courtier Johann Kazimir and Princess Catherine of Sweden , he was the maternal grandson of Charles IX and the maternal nephew of Gustav II Adolf .

As a child, he grew up with Queen Cristina , a cousin's sister , in the royal family of Sweden , and was military education from Longlenart Torstensson (Lennart Torstensson 1603-1651) under Gustav II Adolf. In the second half of the 30 -year war , he was appointed commander -in -chief of the Swedish army , and in June 1654 , he was crowned in Obsala , the queen of Cristina, and in October, he married Hutbui Eleonora, the daughter of Duke of Holstein Gotarf.[2]

From the beginning of his reign, he suffered from financial problems caused by the Thirty Years' War . After that, he attacked the Polish - Lithuanian Commonwealth, which had been distracted by the attack of the Cossack -Russian allied forces, and caused a great flood , devastating Poland and Lithuania. When Denmark , an ally of the Commonwealth , attacked, they withdrew from Poland, raided Copenhagen , signed the Treaty of Roskilde, gained Danish Scandinavian territories such as Skåne and Blekinge, and established today's Danish and Swedish borders .

However, he was not satisfied with the Treaty of Roskilde and started another war with the ambition to devour all of Denmark and Norway . The second war was not as successful as the previous one, and he died in Gothenburg from pneumonia during this war. After his death, the Treaty of Copenhagen was signed with Denmark, returning only Trøndelag in Norwegian territory and the island of Bornholm in Danish territory , and the Oliva Peace Treaty with Poland-Lithuania completely abolished the Polish Vasa dynasty's claim to the Swedish throne.[3] , Swedish Livonia was officially incorporated into Swedish territory, and the overseas expedition achieved the desired results.