Valletta
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nation | |||
earth | southern port district | ||
market | Olaf McKay[1] Labor Party | ||
area | 0.61 km² | ||
population | 5,157 people[A] | ||
metropolitan population | 480,134 people[A] | ||
population density | 8,500 people/km² | ||
area code | 356 | ||
slot | UTC+1, UTC+2 | ||
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Satellite photo of the Valletta area. The diagonal peninsula in the middle of the photo is Valletta. |
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name | korean | city of valletta |
english | City of Valletta | |
French | Ville de La Valette | |
country/location | malta valletta | |
Listing type | Cultural Heritage | |
year of registration | ||
Inscription criteria | ||
designation number | 131 | |
1. outline
The capital of Malta , located on the island of Malta, the largest island in Malta . Administratively , the area of Valletta is only 0.61 km² and the population is only 6,444, but considering that the combined population of the surrounding metropolitan area is 480,000 and Malta's population is 550,000, it is safe to say that most Maltese people (more than 95%) live in the Valletta metropolitan area.
2. history
The city's history dates back to the 16th century . Charles V , Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, gave the island of Malta to the Knights of St. John when they lost the island of Rhodes to the Ottoman Empire and lost their base.[6]
The Knights of St. John achieved remarkable results using this place as their base. In particular, it is said that the Knights Templar, who did not forget the past days of Rhodes, attacked both Saracen ships and pirate ships mercilessly. It is obvious just by looking at the map, but the island of Malta where they were located was an optimal place for raids on ports and shipping routes in North Africa , causing a huge headache to the Ottoman Empire . Ultimately, Suleiman I decided to attack Malta in 1565 and dispatched a large army of 20,000 (up to 40,000), but the attack lasted for three months.[7] After an offensive and defensive battle, the capture failed. The defense force at the time was about 6,000 to 8,000 people, including 500 to 600 Knights Templar , local conscripts, and mercenaries hired just before the battle.[8] With this victory, the Knights immediately gained fame throughout Europe.
At the time of the siege, despite the age of 70, Knight Commander Jean Pariso de la Valette, who fought in the forefront, closed his eyes after completing all the work of restoring and extending the Knights' fortress after the siege. was named Valletta after the name Vallet. After the Siege of Malta, the number of aspirants to join the Knights increased, and funding from Catholic countries , including Spain and the Holy See , increased.
Knights of Saint John in France After surrendering to Napoleon 's Egyptian Expeditionary Force, it became a French territory along with the entire island of Malta, but after the fall of Napoleon , it became a British territory through the Congress of Vienna . Valletta served as the capital of British Malta.
During the Second World War, Malta was bombed by the Axis throughout the Battle of Malta, and Valletta was no exception. In particular, since Valletta was the largest port in Malta, it was necessary to paralyze the port of Valletta in order to cut off the Allied supply , and so it was heavily damaged by the bombing, destroying many of the historic buildings dating back to the 16th century. Nevertheless, the port of Valletta did not completely cease to function during the war, and Valletta, along with the rest of Malta, remained a British territory throughout.
In 1964, after Malta became independent of the Malta Republic, he became the capital of the Malta Republic . It was designated as a World Heritage Site . In 2018, it was designated as a European cultural capital .
It has a history of hosting the Chess Olympiad in 1980 .
3. tourism
- Saluting Battery: A battery built on or near the site of a battery used by the Ottoman Empire during the Siege of Malta. A salute is fired every day at 12:00 and 16:00, and cruise ships visiting Grand Harbor can also fire a 7-gun salute.
- Fortifications of Valletta: A collection of defensive forts designed and built by the Knights of Malta from the late 16th to the early 17th centuries in preparation for the invasion of the Ottoman Empire. It is a strategic city fortress that combines natural terrain and artificial defense facilities.
- Lower Barrakka Gardens: It was formed in the late 17th century when the Knights Templar developed the area under Valletta's walls for military purposes and as a rest area, and was later developed into its current garden form during the British rule in the 19th century. Monuments, statues, fountains, and benches are placed inside the garden, and it is used as a space for citizens and tourists to relax and take a walk.
- Saint John's Co-Cathedral: A baroque cathedral located in Valletta, Malta. Construction began in 1572 when the Knights of Malta made Valletta their capital, and was completed in 1577. It was originally not the cathedral of the Knights Templar, but after 1820, when the diocese was separated from the diocese, it was designated as a co-cathedral. Inside the cathedral, the tombs, emblems, shields, and coffins of the knights of the Knights of Malta are placed. In particular, the sanctuary containing Caravaggio 's masterpiece, The Beheading of John the Baptist, is considered the biggest attraction.
- Grandmaster's Palace: This is the palace of the Grand Master of the Knights Templar, who ruled Malta from 1530 to 1798 between the 16th and 18th centuries. It became the residence of the British royal family during the British rule, and is currently used as the office of the President of Malta.
- Fort St. Angelo: A fortress located at the entrance to the Grand Harbor in front of Valletta, Malta. It was originally a citadel during the Kingdom of Aragon. However, after the arrival of the Knights of Malta in 1530, it underwent extensive renovation and reinforcement, and served as a key defensive base during attacks by the Ottoman Empire and the Siege of Malta in 1565.
- City Gate: A gate located at the entrance to Valletta, Malta. Currently, this gate is the fifth gate built here, and was constructed between 2011 and 2014 under the design of Italian architect Renzo Piano .
- Royal Opera House: An opera house and performing arts venue in Valletta, Malta, designed by British architect Edward Barry. The theater suffered direct aerial bombardment in 1942 during World War II. After several plans to rebuild the theater were canceled, Italian architect Renzo Piano redesigned the ruins.
4. sister city
5. look around
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[1] Olaf McKay[A] 2.1 2.2 As of 2019[4] To represent a masterpiece of human creativity[5] be directly or visibly related to events or existing traditions, ideas or beliefs, or works of art and literature of outstanding universal importance;[6] Of course, since it was not transferred for free but was clearly a loan, Charles V formally requested tribute to be paid once a year, and that tribute was a falcon native to Malta . In fact, it is no different from a donation. Still, the Knights Templar was grateful for Charles V's favor and sent carefully selected, well-trained falcons to the royal palace in Madrid every year, and they kept their promise without missing a beat until 1798, when the Knights Templar was disbanded by Napoleon's French army.[7] It lasted exactly 3 months, 3 weeks, and 3 days.[8] Afterwards , about 8,000 reinforcements were dispatched from Spanish Sicily , but they arrived about four months later. In fact, reinforcements were called up early, but the King of Spain was concerned about the loss of the fleet. Philip II stopped the troop transport.
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