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Medal of the Legion of Honor

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Category
Medal of the Legion of Honor
Ordre National de la Légion d’honneur
National Order of the Legion of Honour
File:Commandeur-...
Medal of Commendeur (3rd class)
Honneur et patrie
(Honor and Fatherland)
date of enactment
1802 May 19
nation
File:French flag
france
type
Military and Civil Service Medals[1]
award recipient
French soldiers, civilians and foreigners
Number of Awards[2]
Grand Croix (Grade 1): 67
Grand Daupisier (Level 2): ​​314 times
Commandeur (Level 3): 3,009 times
OFFICIAL (Level 4): 17,032 times
Chevalier (Level 5): 74,834 times
top tier
doesn't exist
lower level
Liberation Medal (Abolished in 1946)

1. outline2. history3. Rating4. recipient
4.1. Grand Croix4.2. Grand Aupishie4.3. Commandeur4.4. in the office4.5. Chevalier
5. etc6. related document

1. outline

The Legion of Honor (Ordre National de la Légion d'honneur) is the highest decoration in France , sometimes translated as the 'Legion of Honor'. It is divided into five grades : Grand Croix, Grand d'Aufnée, Commandeur, Officier, and Chevalier.

1802 Established by Napoleon Bonaparte, it is awarded to soldiers who have made outstanding military achievements or civilians who have made outstanding contributions in each field of French politics, economy, society, academics, or culture and arts. It is also awarded to French citizens as well as foreigners . Medals are usually awarded by the president , but may also be awarded by other government officials.

2. history

It was enacted in 1802 , before Napoleon Bonaparte, who had risen to the consul of the First French Republic in a coup d'état in 1799, before ascending to the throne, with the aim of boosting morale and loyalty in the army of the French Republic . At that time, the political chaos and unstable political situation of the revolution were being sorted out in France under the name of Napoleon, who believed that the armed forces of the united republic were not based on pre-modern status or lineage, but on individual abilities, achievements, devotion to the country, and service to the community. They wanted to emphasize to the citizens that they would be evaluated and compensated according to this. The Légion d'Honneur was conceived as part of such an institution of honour, and soon became, as he intended, a symbol of French patriotism.

Légion d'honneur means 'Legion of Honor', and 'Legion' is derived from the word 'Legion ' , which refers to an ancient Roman legion . This name was originally given because this medal was made for soldiers who made achievements, and later the subject of the medal was expanded to civilians.

At the time, it was a military medal, so many of those who initially received this medal were male soldiers. It is said that there was also a purpose as a measure for retirement , allowing those who had received military honors at the time to receive pensions by transferring them to a nominal unit . As the name of the medal suggests, they are registered as soldiers belonging to the 'Honorary Corps'. This is a unit that exists only on paper, so they do not serve, but the concept is that they are paid a salary because they are soldiers. This became the beginning of the veterans system for the republican army.

However, he said, "Men are thirsty for this. Now this toy can deceive people." The Medal of Honor of the United States was also enacted to inspire patriotism just before the two Koreas, influenced by Leageon Duul . However, the US Honorary Medal is the best medal, but it is different today that it remains only as a martial arts medal and is awarded only to US troops . Later, during the Second World War , the merit medal was enacted.

3. Rating

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레지옹 도뇌르 그랑크루아 약장
From left: Chevalier, Officier, Comandeur, Grand d'Officier, Grand Croix
  • 1st Class Medal, Légion d'Honneur Grand-Croix
    It is the highest grade of medal, and translates as 'Grand Cross'. He wears a daesu (a large, long ribbon of medal) that goes down from his right shoulder to his left waist, and wears a bujang (a number of flakes worn with suits) on his left chest. The Grand Croix is ​​also a medal awarded to the newly inaugurated French president .
  • 2nd class medal, Légion d'Honneur Grand Officier
    It is the second highest grade of decoration, which translates as 'Grand Officer'. It is worn with a small number (smallest size medal string) on ​​the left chest, and a bujang is worn under the right chest.
  • 3rd class medal Légion d'Honneur Commandeur
    It is the third highest level of decoration, which translates as 'Commander'. It is worn around the neck as a jungsoo (medium-sized medal string).
  • 4th Class Légion d'Honneur Officier
    It is the fourth highest grade of decoration, which translates as 'Officer'. It is worn with a small number on the left chest and decorated with a rose-shaped cockade on top.
  • 5th Class Légion d'Honneur Chevalier
    As the last rank of medal, it translates as 'Cavalry'. It is worn in small numbers on the left chest.

4. recipient

4.1. Grand Croix

4.2. Grand Aupishie

4.3. Commandeur

4.4. in the office

4.5. Chevalier

5. etc

  • As with the highest medals in each country, the number of ranks is fixed, so you cannot receive more than the number of medals and there is almost no posthumous posthumous posthumous award. Because the quota is vacant only after the death of the award winner , there are surprisingly many people who have made remarkable achievements in that field who stayed at the 4th or 5th grade because the quota of the higher medal was full during their lifetime.
  • Although it is the highest medal, there are those who have refused to receive it for political reasons or other issues. artist Gustave Courbet , physicist Marie Curie and Pierre Curie , composer Maurice Ravel and Literature Albert Camus , philosopher /literate Jean-Paul Sartre , actor Sophie Marceau is a representative figure.
  • Like other high-ranking national decorations, it is often criticized for its absurdity . In particular, the highest grade, Grand Croix, is usually reserved for high-ranking domestic and foreign politicians , royal family members , and large corporations with connections to France. Awards are often given as lip service to CEOs and others, causing controversy. It has been consistently pointed out that just because he became the President of France , he is given the Order of Rose of Sharon without considering his merits. In fact, this is something that most of the highest-level medals from other countries have in common.
  • The American Medal of Merit is also made of the Legion District Medal of the Merit, and it is the same as the form and class divided by class.

6. related document

[1] It was initially established as a military medal, but over time, it was awarded to civilians who were recognized for their contributions in various fields such as politics, economy, society, academics, and culture and arts.[2] As of July 2010, the medal itself has a long history and the number of awards is vast, so it is difficult to determine the exact number of awards as of 2024.[3] Nicolas Sarkoji , however, was deprived of his charges.[Disqualification] 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 [5] It is a self-decoration awarded upon the emperor's enthronement .[7] He was awarded the Chevalier title in 1922, promoted to Officier in 1925, and was promoted to Grand Croix for the second time in 1967.[10] When he was the chairman of the Korean Air, he ordered the A300 and successfully operated the A300 and saved the Airbus on the bankruptcy threshold . In other words, the Airbus, which would have been ruined if it was wrong, was received as a two -top of the Western civil aircraft market with the US Boeing.[11] The eldest son of Chairman Cho Joong- Hoon and former Chairman of Hanjin Group.[12] In light of this, it seems likely that duplicate awards (e.g., two Grade 5 and one Grade 4) will not be awarded and will probably be achieved in the form of promotions. In Korea, duplicate awards are not possible, except for the Military Merit Medal and the Patriotic Service Medal.[13] Deschamps was promoted to the 4th class Officier, having already received the Chevalier as part of the winning squad in 1998.[14] Unfortunately, he, along with Sergeant Park Dong-ha, was denied burial at the National Cemetery because only recipients of domestic military service medals were allowed to be buried at the National Cemetery. # Fortunately, Sergeant Park Dong-ha was posthumously awarded the Chungmu Military Merit Medal and buried at the National Cemetery. #

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