real life

Last Modified:
Redirected from 실권
1. outline2. Detail3. person who was mentioned
3.1. previous governments of the Republic of Korea
3.1.1. Syngman Rhee government3.1.2. Park Chung-hee government3.1.3. Chun Doo-hwan government3.1.4. Roh Tae-woo government3.1.5. civil government3.1.6. government of the people3.1.7. participatory government3.1.8. Lee Myung-bak government3.1.9. Park Geun-hye government3.1.10. Moon Jae-in government3.1.11. Yoon Seok-yeol government3.1.12. Lee Jae -myung government
3.2. foreign country
4. Positions that are mentioned in real life
4.1. public office4.2. public corporation4.3. major company
5. related document

1. outline



It refers to a person who has substantial influence in a specific field or occupation.

If you hit the company (workplace), you can see the chairman of the shareholder who acts as a powerful power (influence). It is also expressed as a real power or a real power. There is a word that means losing power, but it is not used well. In the old days, it was called Kwon . The opposite of the real world includes a pants , a scarecrow , an honorary job, or a job .

2. Detail

In some groups or organizations, positions are established for a purpose and duties are divided. To put it simply, a person has so much influence within the organization that he shouts about it, but his official title actually falls short of that level. In other words, it means a person or position with so much influence within the organization that it does not fit the name value of the person's official title. In other words, there are people who have greater influence within an organization, even among official titles or regardless of title, and these people are often called powerful people. However, powerful people may mean the person himself or the position he or she holds . It may be mutually complex . In normal organizational life, it often refers to a position. Examples of when referring to the person itself include famous nouns or relationships between students at school. Sometimes, there are people who think that shouting loudly is bad, but that is a bit different. The downside is that even if something goes wrong in the company or the field, the actual person in power is the one who is responsible, not the fake person.

In a political sense, powerful people often refer to people who can directly advise the political leader and carry out his or her opinions. For example, in the case of former Minister Rhyu Si-min, who was considered a close associate of former President Roh Moo-hyun during the participatory government , he is known to have freely entered the Blue House and given various advice to the President both before and after his resignation as minister. The conditions for the person in power chosen by the person are that he or she can visit the Blue House at any time, have access to information on issues the President is concerned about, and most importantly, the President must be willing to listen to the person in power and refer to it in decision-making.

Also, along this line, senior secretaries or chiefs of staff within the Blue House, who are physically closer to the president than ministers, have a greater influence on policy. Therefore, those who value official titles and the work procedures that come with them argue that these positions within the Blue House themselves should be eliminated. Also, in relation to this, there are people who have the title of secretary or staff member of the Blue House, but do not hold a position that allows them to exercise any authority within the organization, but sometimes exert influence behind the scenes knowingly or unknowingly. In the media, this is called secret power. Of course, it is often used in a negative sense.

In a slightly different sense , in countries where the head of government and the head of state are different, the head of state is the head of state, but the head of government is the person with real power. However, this is a bit far from the use of real power because it explicitly pegs the head of state as an honorary position, so the head of government is seen as the de facto summit. Sometimes, people in power are mistaken for practitioners , but this is different.

Of course, even if he is powerful , his power is not permanent. Throughout history, many powerful people have lost confidence in other powerful people or due to lack of confidence in their superiors.[1] , or many people fell from power due to their own actions. In particular, democratic societies are establishing various monitoring and check provisions to block this long-standing seizure of power and the chain of corruption that almost inevitably accompanies it .

3. person who was mentioned

3.1. previous governments of the Republic of Korea

3.1.1. Syngman Rhee government

  • Lee Ki-poong : He was a powerful figure during the Syngman Rhee administration, but after committing all kinds of corruption, he was overthrown in the April 19 Revolution and lost his life to his own son.
  • Jang Gyeong-geun : He was a powerful figure during the Syngman Rhee administration, serving as Minister of Home Affairs and member of the National Assembly. He was a hardliner within the Liberal Party. However, after the fall of Syngman Rhee's government, he was forced to flee abroad. However, he returned to Korea in 1977, recuperated, and died in 1978.
  • Hong Jin-gi : During the Syngman Rhee government, he served as Minister of Justice and Minister of Home Affairs and reigned as a powerful figure, but after the April 19 Revolution and the fall of the Syngman Rhee government, he was overthrown and imprisoned. After his release, he transformed into a journalist, formed an in-law relationship with Samsung Group , and founded JoongAng Ilbo and Tongyang Broadcasting .
  • Lee Ik-heung : During the Syngman Rhee administration, he passed the Constitutional Amendment as governor of Gyeonggi Province and later served as Minister of the Interior.
  • Han Hee-seok : During the Syngman Rhee government, he served as a member of the Liberty Party National Assembly and Vice Minister and was a powerful figure in the government, but after the April 19 Revolution, when the Syngman Rhee government fell, he was forced out of office and later transformed into a businessman.
  • Kwak Ui-young : During the Syngman Rhee administration, he served as a member of the Liberal Party National Assembly and the Minister of Posts and Telecommunications and was a powerful figure, but he also fell from power when the Syngman Rhee government fell after the April 19 Revolution. Afterwards, he transformed into a businessman.
  • Kim Hyeon-cheol : He served as Minister of Finance and Minister of Reconstruction during the Syngman Rhee administration, served as Minister of the Economic Planning Board after the May 16 military coup, and contributed to the launch of the Park Chung-hee government as head of the cabinet. He was a key economic official during the Syngman Rhee administration.
  • Kang Seong-tae : During the Syngman Rhee administration, he served as Deputy Minister of Finance and Minister of Commerce and Industry, and was elected to the National Assembly as a member of the Liberal Party, reigning as the economic powerhouse within the Liberal Party.
  • In Tae-sik : He was a key economic bureaucrat who served as Minister of Finance and a member of the Liberal Party National Assembly during the Syngman Rhee administration .
  • Kim Il-hwan : During the Syngman Rhee administration, he exercised power while serving as the Minister of Commerce, Industry and Energy, the Minister of the Interior, and the Minister of Transportation. He fell after the April 19 Revolution, but was later released as a model prisoner and transformed into a businessman while serving as president of the Veterans Association during the Park Chung-hee administration.
  • Park Yong-ik : He was a powerful figure in the Liberal Party during the Rhee Syngman administration and served as floor leader of the Liberal Party and chairman of the National Assembly's Special Committee on Budget and Accounts.
  • Lee Kang-hak : He served as Director of Public Security during the Syngman Rhee administration. During the New National Security Act incident, he mobilized martial arts police officers to imprison opposition party members and became a powerful figure at the end of the Syngman Rhee administration. However, he fell while covering up the March 15 election rigging and was later imprisoned. However, after being released as a special envoy, he transformed into a businessman.
  • Kim Hyung-geun : During the Rhee Syng-man administration, he reigned as the real power while serving as the Vice Minister of Home Affairs and the Minister of Home Affairs. He later became a member of the Constitutional Commission standing committee during the Park Chung-hee administration.
  • Lee Geun-jik : He was a bureaucrat during the Syngman Rhee administration and suppressed the fake Lee Kang-seok incident when he was governor of Gyeongsangbuk-do. Afterwards, he served as the Minister of Home Affairs and the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in the Syngman Rhee government, but he was deposed when the Syngman Rhee government fell due to the March 15 election fraud .
  • Song In-sang : He served as the Minister of Reconstruction and the Minister of Finance in the Syngman Rhee government and reigned as the economic powerhouse of the Syngman Rhee government, but was toppled when the Syngman Rhee government fell due to the March 15 rigged election and the April 19 Revolution . Afterwards, he transformed into a businessman.
  • Choi Jae-yu : He exercised power in the education and medical fields while serving as the Minister of Health and Social Affairs and the Minister of Education under the Syngman Rhee government, but was forced out of office when the Syngman Rhee government fell due to the March 15 rigged election and the April 19 Revolution . Afterwards, he returned to the education field and transformed into a businessman.
  • Son Chang-Hwan : He served as President of the Korean Red Cross and Minister of Health and Social Affairs during the Syngman Rhee administration, but was dismissed due to the April 19 Revolution .
  • Koo Yong-seo : He reigned as an economic powerhouse under the Syngman Rhee administration, serving as the first Governor of the Bank of Korea, the first President of the Korea Development Bank, and the Minister of Commerce, Industry and Energy.
  • Park Hee-hyun : While serving as Minister of Finance in the Syngman Rhee government, he maintained fiscal austerity and was also appointed as Minister of Commerce and Industry, but resigned due to a vote of no confidence in the National Assembly and later transformed into a businessman.
  • Jang Taek-sang : A former independence activist, he led political maneuvers while serving as the Chief of the Metropolitan Police during the U.S. military administration . He served as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Prime Minister during the Syngman Rhee administration. During his time as Prime Minister, he led the Busan political upheaval and constitutional amendment. However, he later became estranged from Syngman Rhee as he opposed Jo Bong-am's death penalty.
  • Cho Byeong-ok : A former independence activist, he led political maneuvers while serving as head of the police department during the U.S. military government, and served as Minister of the Interior during the Syngman Rhee administration. However, later, as he falls out with Syngman Rhee, he transforms into an opposition politician.
  • Chi-Young Yoon : A key associate of Syngman Rhee, he served as the first Minister of the Interior and Vice-Chairman of the National Assembly in the Syngman Rhee administration. Later, during the Park Chung-hee administration, he served as a member of the National Assembly as a member of the Democratic Republican Party and also served as mayor of Seoul.
  • Heo Jeong : A former independence activist, he is a key confidant of Syngman Rhee. In the Syngman Rhee government, he served as the Minister of Internal Affairs, Minister of Transportation, Minister of Social Affairs, Minister without office, Prime Minister, and Mayor of Seoul. He also participated as the chief representative of the Korea-Japan talks. After Syngman Rhee stepped down, he again served as Prime Minister and served as acting president to form a transitional government.
  • Lee Beom-seok : He was an independence activist and served as Prime Minister, Minister of National Defense, and Minister of Home Affairs in the early days of the Syngman Rhee administration, serving as a key confidant of Syngman Rhee, but later became distant from Syngman Rhee.
  • Jang Seok-yoon : During the Syngman Rhee administration, he served as Director of the Security Bureau of the Ministry of Home Affairs, Deputy Minister of the Interior, and Minister of the Interior, and also served in the 3rd and 4th National Assembly as a member of the Liberal Party.
  • Lee Sun-yong : A former independence activist, he was Syngman Rhee's key confidant and served as the Minister of Home Affairs, the Minister of Posts and Communications, and the Commissioner of the Foreign Investment Agency. After Syngman Rhee left office, he helped a lot in bringing in a new son.
  • Gyu-nam Choi : A former physicist, he served as Vice Minister of Education, President of Seoul National University, and Minister of Education under the Syngman Rhee administration. He also served as the 4th National Assembly member in the Eul district of Seodaemun-gu as a member of the Liberal Party, but was removed from office after the fall of the Syngman Rhee government. Afterwards, he joined the Democratic Republican Party and ran again for the general election, but was defeated and returned to academia.
  • Lee Seon-geun : During the Korean War , he served as the director of the Ministry of Defense's Military Discipline Bureau and the Army Headquarters' General Commander of the Korean Students' Volunteer Corps. He also served as the Minister of Education under the Rhee Syngman administration and served as the chairman of the National History Compilation Committee. He was also in charge of reprinting the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. However, he intervened in the third presidential election and was accused by the Democratic Party. He resigned in disgrace after a no-confidence motion was passed. Afterwards, he returned to academia and served as president of several universities, chairman of the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry, chairman of the Cultural Heritage Committee, chairman of the Cultural Heritage Preservation Association, chairman of the Korea Education Association, and director of the Institute for Spiritual Culture.
  • Moon Bong-je : In the Syngman Rhee administration, he served as the Director of the Security Bureau of the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Minister of Transportation. He also held several positions in the Liberal Party and was also active as a journalist, including as the publisher of the Taeyang Newspaper and editor and publisher of the Hankook Ilbo.
  • Lee Yun-young : A former independence activist and key confidant of Syngman Rhee, he served as Prime Minister, Minister of Social Affairs, and Minister of Foreign Affairs. However, he could not officially become prime minister, and he ran for vice president in succession, but was defeated.
  • Lim Byeong-jik : A former independence activist and key confidant of Syngman Rhee, he succeeded Jang Taek-sang as Minister of Foreign Affairs and led multilateral diplomacy as head of the Korean delegation to the UN. During the Park Chung-hee administration, he served as an advisor to the Democratic Republican Party, the Consul General of the Republic of Korea in New Delhi, and the chairman of the board of the Korean Anti-Communist League.
  • Shin Seong-mo : A former independence activist and navigator, he served as Minister of Home Affairs and Minister of National Defense under the Syngman Rhee government. However, due to his lack of expertise in national defense during his time as Minister of National Defense, he caused several misdeeds and scandals in the early stages of the Korean War , and was eventually dismissed after being pointed out as the mastermind behind the National Guard Incident .
  • Baek Doo-jin : While serving as Minister of Finance in the Syngman Rhee administration, he pushed for the Tax Criminal Punishment Act, the Temporary Land Income Tax Act, and the Devolving Property Processing Act, took the lead in securing tax revenue for the Korean government, and led the adjustment of the Korea-U.S. economic agreement. Even as Prime Minister, he carried out currency reform, implemented ultra-strong inflation control measures, and repaid the sluggish $100 million in outstanding balances. He also served as Prime Minister and Speaker of the National Assembly during the Park Chung-hee administration.

3.1.2. Park Chung-hee government

  • Kim Jong-pil : He reigned as a rare, influential prime minister with the trust of Park Chung-hee, who said, "Except for unification, diplomacy, national defense, and heavy industry, the owner will take care of everything else ." The economic development plan created by the Presidential Secretariat was at the level of the Prime Minister's Office modifying it at will... It was practically a dual administration system . Moreover, considering that this was a period of dictatorship where power was concentrated in the president, it is even more surprising that there was a powerful prime minister during this period. However, he was not only powerful, but was checked by Park Chung-hee during the latter half of his term as prime minister.
  • Kim Hyeong-wook : He participated in the May 16 military coup, was President Park Chung-hee's closest associate, and served as the longest-serving director of the Central Intelligence Agency for six years. He exercised enormous power, committed several acts of tyranny, and took the lead in revising the constitution for a third term, but was eventually defeated . Afterwards, he went into exile in the United States and became Park Chung-hee's biggest enemy, exposing his collusion with American politicians and ending up mysteriously disappearing .
  • Kim Jeong-ryeom : During the Park Chung-hee administration, he served as the Minister of Finance and the Minister of Commerce and Industry, and served as the President's Chief of Staff for the longest time, assisting President Park Chung-hee for a long time.
  • Shin Jik-su : He reigned as a powerful figure during the Park Chung-hee administration, serving as Prosecutor General , Minister of Justice, and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. He is also the mastermind behind peacock politics.
  • Jang Ki-young : He served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Economic Planning Board and a member of the ruling party's National Assembly under the Park Chung-hee administration. He reigned as a representative economic bureaucrat of the Park Chung-hee administration and founded the Hankook Ilbo .
  • Kwon Oh-byeong : He was a prosecutor during the Rhee Syngman administration and served as the Minister of Justice and the Minister of Education and Education during the Park Chung-hee administration. During his time as Minister of Education , he promoted policies such as the establishment of the National Education Charter and free admission to middle school without exams.
  • Hwang Jong-ryul : He served as Minister of Finance after the May 16 Military Coup, and reigned as a key economic bureaucrat by serving as a non-appointed minister, Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, Minister of Finance, and National Assembly member of the Democratic Republican Party in the Park Chung-hee administration.
  • Hak-Ryeol Kim : During the Park Chung-hee administration, he served as Minister of Finance, Senior Secretary to the President for Economic Affairs, Senior Secretary to the President for Political Affairs, Deputy Prime Minister, and Minister of the Economic Planning Board, and served as the representative economic bureaucrat of the Park Chung-hee administration . He contributed to the shift of Korea from light industry to heavy and chemical industry through the construction of the Pohang Steel Works .
  • Oh Won-cheol : Presidential Secretariat during the Park Chung-hee administration. While serving as senior secretary for economic affairs, he was in charge of the core axis of the Park Chung-hee government's economic policy, and served as a control tower that comprehensively drafted and promoted construction plans for heavy chemical industry and the defense industry. He also promoted the defense power enhancement plan called the Yulgok Project and the development of domestic weapons known as the Lightning Project. He was also deeply involved in the Park Chung-hee government's development of nuclear weapons, and oversaw the long-term plan for the provisional administrative capital.
  • Kim Seong-gon : Founder of Ssangyong Group and Chairman of Tongyang Telecommunications. He was a member of the National Assembly for the Liberal Party during the Syngman Rhee administration, but his power rose further after serving three terms as a member of the Democratic Republican Party under the Park Chung-hee administration. He formed a Gang of Four, formed a special friendship with President Park Chung-hee, and took the lead in revising the Constitution for a third term with Kim Hyeong-wook, head of the Central Intelligence Agency, and emerged as a powerful figure. However, due to the October 2 protest wave , he retired from politics due to the anti-compulsory system and entered into corporate affairs. Focused only on activities.
  • Kim Jin-man : He served as a member of the National Assembly for 6 terms, and formed the Gang of Four with Kim Seong-gon, Baek Nam-eok, and Gil Jae-ho, leading the constitutional amendment for 3 terms, and emerged as a powerful figure, but was also pushed out of the center of power due to the 10.2 protest wave . However, he went on to win the title, even becoming Vice-Chairman of the National Assembly.
  • Baek Nam-eok : A former legal scholar, he was a five-term member of the National Assembly. He formed the Gang of Four with Kim Seong-gon, Kim Jin-man, and Gil Jae-ho, and emerged as a powerful figure by taking the lead in revising the Constitution for three terms, but was pushed out of the center of power due to the October 2 protests . However, he continued to serve as a member of the National Assembly.
  • Han Shin : A former soldier who took the lead in the May 16 Military Coup , he served as a member of the Military Revolutionary Committee and as Minister of the Interior and Chairman of the Board of Audit and Inspection in the military government cabinet. Afterwards, he returned to the military and served as the commander of the Army Training Center, commander of the 6th Corps, deputy chief of staff of the Army, and commander of the 2nd Field Army. After being promoted to general of the Army in 1970, he served as commander of the 1st Field Army and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, leading the Yulgok Project , which was the framework for the independent national defense plan.
  • Oh Chi-seong : A former soldier who took the lead in the May 16 Military Coup , and a key member of Kim Jong-pil's group, he served as a four-term member of the National Assembly for the Democratic Republican Party. After Park Chung-hee's inauguration as the 7th president, he became the Minister of the Interior and worked to eliminate the Gang of Four's government figures, local officials, and police officers to reduce the influence of the Gang of Four, but resigned due to the October 2 protest wave .
  • Kim Hyeon-ok : He was also a former soldier who participated in the May 16 Military Coup , and served as the mayor of Busan and the mayor of Seoul as a government official during the Park Chung-hee administration. During his time as mayor of Busan, he promoted Busan to a direct city, and during his time as mayor of Seoul, he contributed to the development of Seoul as the original bulldozer mayor and assault mayor , leading the construction of Sejong -daero , Myeong-dong underpass , Seun Shopping Mall , Gangbyeonbuk-ro construction, Yeouido development, overpass, tunnel construction, and citizen apartment construction projects. However, due to the Wau Apartment collapse, he was dismissed and seemed to be out of office, but he succeeded in making a comeback by being appointed Minister of the Interior, and later took the lead in the October Yushin .
  • Koo Ja-chun : He was a former soldier who participated in the May 16 Military Coup , and later worked as a police officer, serving as the Seoul Metropolitan Police Commissioner and the Director of the Police Training School , as well as the Governor of Jeju Province, the Commissioner of the Fisheries Agency, and the Governor of Gyeongsangbuk-do. After becoming the Mayor of Seoul, he made Seoul Subway Line 2 a circular line , relocated a prestigious high school in the Gangbuk region to Gangnam, established the Seoul Express Bus Terminal in Banpo-dong, and Dongnimmun Gate during the construction of the Geumhwa Tunnel. Previously, restoration of part of Hanyangdoseong and expansion of parking lots in the city center were promoted. He later became the Minister of the Interior, but was subject to political restrictions during the Chun Doo-hwan administration, and after being released, he served as a member of the 13th and 14th National Assembly.
  • Kim Yong-hwan : He served as Minister of Finance in the Park Chung-hee administration, later served as a four-term member of the National Assembly, and at one time belonged to the pro-Park Seven People Association.
  • Hong Jong-cheol : Participated in the May 16 military coup and contributed to the creation of the Park Chung-hee government. He later served as the first head of the National Security Service, ministers of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Public Information and the Ministry of Culture and Public Information, and even served as a special assistant in charge of affairs at the Blue House.
  • Jooyoung Yoon : He served as Minister of Culture and Public Information in the Park Chung-hee administration and took the lead in launching the Yushin system.
  • Park Gyeong-won : During the Park Chung-hee administration, he served as Minister of the Interior three times, as well as the Minister of Post and Transportation and the Minister of Transportation.
  • Lee Won-kyung : He served as Minister of Culture and Information during the Park Chung-hee administration, and as Minister of Sports and Minister of Foreign Affairs during the Chun Doo-hwan administration. While he was Minister of Sports, he handled the Aung San Mausoleum bombing incident well.
  • Kim Seong-jin : He served as the Blue House spokesperson during the Park Chung-hee administration and later served as Minister of Culture and Information.
  • Nam Deok-woo : During the Park Chung-hee administration, he served as Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Economic Planning Board for 5 years each, for a total of 10 years, and made a great contribution to the economic development of the Republic of Korea as an economic powerhouse. However, when he served as prime minister under the Chun Doo-hwan government, he had no power.
  • Kim Jae-gyu : During the Park Chung-hee administration, he served as the Commander of the Security Command , Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Minister of Transportation, and Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, but gradually fell out of power after being pushed out by Cha Ji-cheol, who was much younger to him. This started with a grudge against Cha Ji-cheol, which eventually led to the first and only murder of a head of state in the history of the Republic of Korea .
  • Yoon Pil-yong : A supporter of Hanahoe and a close associate of Park Chung-hee. During the Park Chung-hee administration, he served as the head of the counterintelligence unit, the commander of the 20th division, and the head of the fierce tiger unit. He received a lot of trust from Park Chung-hee and rose to the rank of commander of the capital security commander. However, due to the Yoon Pil-yong incident, he incurred the wrath of Park Chung-hee and was purged, and a large number of Hanahoe members of Yoon Pil-yong's group were also purged. Later, during the Chun Doo-hwan administration, thanks to Chun Doo-hwan's consideration , he served as the president of the Korea Expressway Corporation and the chairman of the board of the Korea Tobacco and Ginseng Corporation .
  • Jin Jong-chae : A supporter of Hanahi, he served as commander of the 8th Division, commander of the Army Intelligence Command, and commander of the Capital Security Command. After becoming commander of the Army Security Command, he expanded and reorganized the Army Security Command into the Armed Forces Security Command. Afterwards, he served as commander of the 2nd Field Army, was promoted to general, and was retired. Afterwards, he served as the president of Jinhae Chemical.
  • Kang Chang-seong : Although he did not participate in the May 16th Movement, he was trusted by Park Chung-hee and served as the commander of the 5th Division, assistant director of the Central Intelligence Agency, and commander of the Army Security Command. After the proclamation of the Restoration, he was in charge of arresting opposition members of the National Assembly under Park Chung-hee's orders, but insisted on reducing the number of members for fear of public backlash. Afterwards, he tried to eradicate Hanahoe during the Yoon Pil-yong incident, but failed and was demoted to the commander of the 6th District. He later served as the head of the Maritime Port Office. After being arrested and tortured by Chun Doo-hwan for the loss of a security guard , he was accused of accepting bribes while he was the head of the Maritime and Port Office, and spent time in prison. After being released from prison, he was re-elected as a member of the National Assembly.
  • Choi Young-hee : While serving as Minister of National Defense during the Park Chung-hee administration, he led the creation of a local reserve force and served as a four-term member of the National Assembly.
  • Min Gwan-sik : While serving as Minister of Education during the Park Chung-hee administration, he promoted the high school standardization policy and served as vice-chairman of the National Assembly as a five-term member of the National Assembly.
  • Kim Chi-yeol : During the Park Chung-hee administration, he served as Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, Prosecutor General, Minister of the Interior, and Minister of Justice.
  • Kim Yong-tae : During the Park Chung-hee administration, as a member of the Kim Jong-pil group, he served as a five-term member of the National Assembly and the first non-appointed minister in the ruling Democratic Republican Party. He was highly trusted by President Park Chung-hee and held various positions in the Democratic Republican Party. During the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction , he contributed to the release of arrested businessmen, the establishment of the Ulsan Industrial Center, and the creation of the Federation of Korean Industries .
  • Lee Byeong-hee : After participating in the May 16 Military Coup, he became the head of the Central Intelligence Agency's Seoul Branch and guided Samsung Group Chairman Lee Byung- cheol, who returned from Japan , to Park Chung-hee, then chairman of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction. He later continued to serve as the 6th to 10th National Assembly member in Suwon, contributing greatly to developing Suwon into the largest city in Gyeonggi-do. However, he was subjected to political restrictions during the Chun Doo-hwan administration, but was later released and served as a member of the 13th and 15th National Assembly.
  • Shin Hyun-hwak : He served as Minister of Reconstruction in the Syngman Rhee administration, and was a member of the 9th and 10th National Assembly as a member of the Democratic Republican Party in the Park Chung-hee administration. He served as Minister of Health and Social Affairs, Minister of the Economic Planning Board, and Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs, and promoted medical insurance design and economic stabilization policy planning. He became Prime Minister during the Choi Kyu-ha government and strongly pushed for President Choi Kyu-ha's system, but was unable to achieve his goals and resigned. Afterwards, he served as chairman of the Constitutional Amendment Deliberation Committee, a member of the National Government Advisory Committee, and chairman of the Korea-Japan Cooperation Committee, and also served as chairman of Samsung C&T.
  • Jang Gyeong-soon : As an active general, he served as a member of the Military Revolutionary Committee and the Minister of Agriculture and Forestry. Later, under the Park Chung-hee administration, he served as a five-term member of the National Assembly as a member of the ruling Democratic Republican Party, served as vice-chairman of the National Assembly, and also served as first minister without office.

3.1.3. Chun Doo-hwan government

  • Kim Jae-ik : While serving as Senior Secretary to the President for Economic Affairs in the Chun Doo-hwan administration, he is evaluated as having contributed decisively to achieving price stability, one of the Chun Doo-hwan administration's major achievements. There is a famous anecdote in which former President Chun Doo-hwan told Chief Kim Jae-ik , “You are the president when it comes to the economy .” The real-name financial system was originally promoted by Senior Secretary Kim Jae-ik, and Chun Doo-hwan also approved it, but his associates accused him of saying, "If this happens, you won't be able to receive legal money laundering and political funds," so he was unable to win and ended up falling apart. Instead, Chun Doo-hwan is planning this and later purges those close to him who said this. When he was at his peak, he died in the Aung San Mausoleum bombing incident .
  • Kang Kyung-sik : He served as Minister of Finance in the Chun Doo-hwan administration and later as Chief of Staff to the President. After serving as a member of the National Assembly for three terms, he was appointed Minister of the Economic Planning Board and Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs at the end of the civilian government, but was imprisoned after failing to resolve the foreign exchange crisis in 1997 .
  • Kim Man-je : He was an economic powerhouse who contributed greatly to leading the Korean economy to a surplus while serving as Minister of Finance, Deputy Prime Minister, and Minister of the Economic Planning Board under the Chun Doo-hwan administration, but after the Roh Tae-woo administration came into power, he became the subject of controversy over the handling of insolvent companies.
  • Heo Hwa-pyeong and Heo Sam-soo : He made a great contribution to launching the Chun Doo-hwan government and exercised his power while serving as the chief of the Blue House in the Chun Doo-hwan administration, and later became a member of the National Assembly. However, in the process of Chun Doo-hwan 's illegal activities being revealed, Heo Hwa-pyeong and Heo Sam-soo were also arrested after it was confirmed that they sympathized with Chun Doo-hwan's illegal activities. After his release, Heo Hwa-pyeong became a current affairs critic, and Heo Sam-su is active in the sports world.
  • Lee Woong-hee : He served as president of MBC and Minister of Culture and Information during the Chun Doo-hwan administration, and later served as a three-term member of the National Assembly.
  • Park Hee-do , Park Jun-byeong , and Park Se-jik : During the Chun Doo-hwan administration, they were called the three Parks and were key figures of Hanahoe . Park Hee-do served as the Chief of Staff of the Army, Park Jun-byeong served as the Commander of the Armed Forces Security Command and was a three-term National Assembly member, and Park Se-jik served as Deputy Minister of National Intelligence, Minister of General Affairs, and Minister of Sports.
  • Lee Jong-goo : During the Chun Doo-hwan administration, he was called the crown prince among Hanahoe, and served as the Capital Guard Commander, the National Security Command, and the Army Chief of Staff.
  • Ho-yong Jeong : He served as Minister of National Defense and Minister of Home Affairs during the Chun Doo-hwan administration, and later served as a member of the 13th and 14th National Assembly. However, during the civilian government, as the effort to correct history was underway, he was arrested and released through a special pardon.
  • Ahn Hyuk-hyeok : He was a member of Hanahoe during the Chun Doo-hwan administration and served as Commissioner of the National Tax Service and Director of the National Security Planning Department.
  • Choi Se-chang : During the Chun Doo-hwan administration, he was a leader in the 13th Hanahoe and reigned as a powerful figure, holding various important positions such as commander of the 20th division, commander of the Capital Security Command, commander of the 1st Corps in 1982, deputy chief of staff of the Army in 1984, commander of the 3rd Army in 1985, and chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1987. As a direct descendant of Chun Doo-hwan, he served as the president of the Korea Mining Promotion Corporation after being a general during the Roh Tae-woo administration. However, he was soon returned to the role of Minister of National Defense by Roh Tae-woo.
  • Kim Jin-young : During the Chun Doo-hwan administration, he was victorious as the 17th member of Hanahoe and rose to the rank of commander of the Capital Defense Command, but was demoted twice. However, during the Roh Tae-woo administration, he eventually became the Army Chief of Staff. However, during the civilian government, as the purge of Hanahoe proceeded, the clothes were removed.
  • Roh Tae-woo : Although he was the second-in-command during the 5th Republic, in reality he had to compete countless times with other second-in-commands. In the early days of the 5th Republic, he was heading toward becoming number one by serving as Minister of Political Affairs and Sports.
In the mid-period, he competed with Jang Se-dong, a powerful figure in the regime at the time, but Jang Se-dong fell due to the torture death of Park Jong-cheol.
In the second half of the year, he had to compete with Noh Shin-young , who served as Minister of National Security Planning and Prime Minister at the time . However, in the end, he beat Noh Shin-young and became president.
  • Yeom Bo-hyeon : While serving as mayor of Seoul during the 5th Republic, he completed Seoul Subway Lines 2, 3, and 4, promoted the comprehensive development of the Han River, opened the Garak-dong agricultural and marine product market, built Mokdong new town, restored Gyeonghuigung Palace, and promoted Boramae Park, Jongmyo Park, and Seokchon Lake development plans.
  • Noh Shin-young : A former diplomat, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, Director of the National Security Planning Department, and Prime Minister during the Fifth Republic, and was highly trusted by Chun Doo-hwan. Especially in the latter half of the Chun Doo-hwan administration.
There was a competition with Roh Tae-woo to succeed him, but in the end, Roh Tae-woo became president.
  • Cha Gyu-heon : A former soldier who participated in the May 16 Military Coup and the December 12 Military Rebellion, he served as Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army and Commander of the 2nd Army during the Chun Doo-hwan administration, and served as Chairman of the Emergency Planning Committee and Minister of Transportation after the reorganization. However, after the inauguration of the Roh Tae-woo administration, he was arrested for corruption while he was the Minister of Transportation, and during the civilian government, he was arrested and released for his efforts to correct history.
  • Hwang Young-si : A supporter of Hanahoe, he participated in the December 12 military revolt, served as the Army Chief of Staff during the Chun Doo-hwan administration, and served as the Chairman of the Board of Audit and Inspection after the military reform.
  • Yoo Hak-seong : A supporter of Hanahoe and a person who participated in the December 12 military uprising, he served as the head of the National Security Planning Department, the chairman of the Anti-Communist League, and the chairman of the Central Council for All-powerful Security during the Chun Doo-hwan administration. He later served as a three-term member of the National Assembly, but resigned from the National Assembly after the public official asset disclosure system was implemented. He was arrested due to the civilian government's attempt to correct history, but was released on suspension for health reasons and died of a chronic illness, and the indictment was dismissed.
  • Go Myeong-seung : As a member of Hanahoe, he participated in the December 12 military revolt, and later served as the commander of the Capital Security Command and the Security Command, and the commander of the 3rd Army. However, after the inauguration of the Roh Tae-woo administration, he was discharged without becoming the Chief of Staff of the Army, and ran for general elections twice as a member of the Democratic Liberty Party and the New Korea Party, but was defeated. Afterwards, he served as chairman of the Jeonbuk Provincial Party of the Grand National Party before stepping down.

3.1.4. Roh Tae-woo government

  • Park Cheol-eon : He was a powerful figure during the Roh Tae-woo administration , and as Kim Ok-sook 's cousin to King Gojong and Roh Tae-woo 's brother-in-law, he exercised enormous power. Thanks to this, he was also called the 6th Duke. He served as Minister of Sports and Youth and a three-term member of the National Assembly . However, after the civilian government came into power, he was imprisoned for the slot machine incident. At this time, the major prosecutor who investigated this slot machine case and arrested and imprisoned powerful figures, including the president's brother-in-law, was none other than Hong Jun-pyo .
  • Kim Yun-hwan : As Roh Tae-woo's classmate at Gyeongbuk High School , he was a very close personal friend, and was also a kingmaker who contributed decisively to Roh Tae-woo's election as president . He served as First Minister of Political Affairs twice during the Roh Tae-woo administration.
  • Choi Byeong-ryeol : During the Roh Tae-woo administration, he served as Senior Secretary to the Blue House, Minister of Culture and Public Information and Minister of Public Information, and Minister of Labor, and led the liquidation of the Five Officials. During the civilian government, he served as the mayor of Seoul, was a four-term member of the National Assembly, and later served as the representative of the Grand National Party.
  • Lee Sang-hee : During the Chun Doo-hwan administration, he served as the government-appointed mayor of Daegu and left behind numerous achievements. He later served as governor of North Gyeongsang Province, vice-minister of the interior, and minister of the interior, and served as minister of construction during the Roh Tae-woo administration. He led the construction of 2 million houses, the first new city development project, and the creation of Jayu Road.
  • Lee Dae-hee : Along with Lee Jin-sam, he was the core of the 15th Hanahoe of the Korean Military Academy and served as the commander of the 30th Guards Battalion, the 33rd Guards Battalion, and the 30th Guards Commander of Sugyeongsa, which only the holy bones of Hanahoe passed through. He later served as commander of the 29th Regiment of the 9th Division in 1978. After the Chun Doo-hwan government came into power, he rose to prominence, including as head of the Welfare Service Support Group in 1982, the head of the 25th Division in 1983, and the head of the Personnel Staff at the Army Headquarters in 1985. At the time, he was the Chief of Staff for Personnel at the Army Headquarters and was caught up in a brawl at a National Defense Committee dinner party and was demoted to a front-line unit. However, after receiving the Hanahoe buff, he was promoted to lieutenant general, the first commander of the 8th Corps, and finally the commander of the Special Prosecutor's Office. He was promoted to lieutenant general in 1990 , and was promoted to the director of the Military Manpower Administration by Roh Tae-woo in 1990 , and served as the director of the Military Manpower Administration until 1993.
  • Jinsam Lee : He was the core of the 9.9 network of Roh Tae-woo's group, and the junior of Roh Tae-woo's favorite 9.9 network. During the Chun Doo-hwan administration, he seemed to lag behind his contemporary Go Myeong-seung, but after Roh Tae-woo became president, he served as commander of the 1st Army and chief of staff of the Army, and reigned as a powerful figure in Roh Tae-woo's 9.9 network.
  • Eom Sam-tak : He entered the school as a member of the 3rd class of the Student Military Education Corps and was commissioned as an officer in the Republic of Korea Army in 1965. While serving in the 30th Battalion of Sugyeongsa, he met Roh Tae-woo, who was a colonel. Thanks to this, during the Chun Doo-hwan and Roh Tae-woo administrations, he was very successful even though he was from Bihanahoe and Biryuksa, and served as the head of the Armed Forces Athletic Corps in the latter half of the Chun Doo-hwan administration, and after being retired as a major general in the Army, he served as the head of the keynote office of the Ministry of National Intelligence from 1989 to 1992. At this time, he is said to have controlled gangsters across the country and formed a right-wing group. Afterwards, he served as president of the Korea Ssireum Association.

3.1.5. civil government

  • Kim Deok-ryong : Another mid-boss in the Sangdo-dong world.[4] After Kim Dong-young died of cancer, the vacant position was filled. He served as Secretary General of the Democratic Liberal Party and First Minister of Political Affairs of the Civilian Government.
  • Seok-jae Seo : Another mid-level boss in the Sangdo-dong faction, he served as a five-term member of the National Assembly and served as Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications in the civilian government.
  • Kim Hyeon-cheol : He is the second son of Kim Young-sam. He is said to have been greatly trusted by his father, Kim Young-sam, thanks to his active work as the brains of the Sangdo-dong community, such as forming his own opinion poll team, Dongsung-dong Team, and planning Kim Young-sam's election strategy at a time when the rule-of-thumb election strategy was prevalent. Based on this trust, he not only intervened in state administration and personnel management, but also received reports of high-level information at the level that the president receives from each senior official in the Blue House or the Ministry of National Intelligence, and it is said that he exercised such powerful influence that suspicions were raised that he was exerting influence behind the scenes to create the next administration. However, it eventually collapsed due to the Hanbo Incident at the end of Kim Young-sam's term.
  • Kim Yong-tae : He came from a civil administration background and served as a four-term member of the National Assembly, but as a New Democratic Party politician who supported Kim Young-sam, he served as Minister of the Interior and Chief of Staff to the President during the Kim Young-sam government.
  • Kwon Young-hae : He reigned as a powerful figure while serving as Minister of National Defense and Director of National Security Planning in the civilian government.
  • Lee Won-jong : A key close associate of Kim Young-sam, he served as Vice Minister of Public Information in the civilian government and became a senior secretary for political affairs at the Blue House, where he reigned as a powerful figure.

3.1.6. government of the people

  • Kim Ok-du : He was Kim Dae-jung's vassal and key confidant.

3.1.7. participatory government

  • Moon Jae-in : The second-in-command of the pro-Roh faction , who served as the last chief of staff to the president during the participatory government , and the head of the pro-Roh faction , the pro-Roh successor . It can be said that if Chun Doo-hwan had Roh Tae-woo, Roh Moo-hyun had Moon Jae-in.
  • Ryu Si-min : It was quite influential during the participatory government. In the Ssuljeon , he even made a drip saying that he was not a secret power, but was a powerful person.
  • Ahn Hee-jung : One of the left Hee-jung and right Gwang-jae lines, and as a former secretary to Roh Moo-hyun when he was a member of the National Assembly, he was called the eldest son of the pro-Roh faction.
  • Lee Gwang-jae : One of the left Hee-jung and right Gwang-jae lines. He was Roh Moo-hyun's secretary when he was a member of the National Assembly and was the head of the Presidential Secretariat's State Affairs Situation Center during the participatory government.
  • Lee Hae-chan : He was famous as a powerful prime minister during the participatory government.

3.1.8. Lee Myung-bak government

  • Kang Man-soo : He took the lead in designing Lee Myung-bak's economic policies, including the 747 pledge , and served as the first Minister of Strategy and Finance in the Lee Myung-bak administration . Even after resigning from his position as Minister of Strategy and Finance, he continued to play a leading role in planning and implementing the Lee Myung-bak administration's economic policies, serving as Chairman of the National Competitiveness Enhancement Committee and Special Advisor to the President for Economic Affairs.
  • Jeong Dong-gi : He contributed greatly to the launch of the Lee Myung-bak administration and later served as the second senior secretary for civil affairs at the Blue House under the Lee Myung-bak administration. After serving as the chairman of the Government Legal Services Corporation, he was nominated for the Board of Audit and Inspection, but was removed from office after failing to pass the hearing.
  • Lim Tae-hee : He served as a three-term member of the Grand National Party and served as Minister of Employment and Labor and Chief of Staff to the President during the Lee Myung-bak administration, where he exerted influence as a close associate of Lee Sang-deuk.
  • Go Heung-gil : He served as a three-term member of the Grand National Party's National Assembly and served as a special minister during the Lee Myung-bak administration and forced the media law to be passed.
  • Ryu Woo-ik : He served as Chief of Staff to the President and Minister of Unification during the Lee Myung-bak administration.
  • Jeong Jeong-gil : He served as the first Chief of Staff to the President during the Lee Myung-bak administration.

3.1.9. Park Geun-hye government

  • Choi Kyung-hwan : Chairman of the pro-Park faction, 4-term member of the National Assembly, Minister of Knowledge Economy, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Strategy and Finance , Saenuri Party As floor leader , he led Choeconomics , but received a lot of criticism in the process. After the fall of the Park Geun-hye government, he was arrested for being involved in the National Intelligence Service special activity expenses case, and lost his position as a member of the National Assembly as he was imprisoned.
  • Sang-Hyun Yoon : Even as a current member of the National Assembly, he was a key pro-Park figure, serving as a special adviser for political affairs in the Park Geun-hye administration's presidential secretariat , and is currently serving his fifth term in the National Assembly.
  • Cho Yoon-seon : In the Park Geun-hye administration, she served as Minister of Gender Equality and Family, Senior Secretary to the Blue House for Political Affairs, and Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism.
  • Lee Jeong-hyeon : During the Park Geun-hye administration, he served as senior secretary for political affairs and senior secretary for public relations at the Blue House, and was also a three-term member of the National Assembly and leader of the Saenuri Party.
  • Lee Byeong-gi : He served as Ambassador to Japan, Director of the National Intelligence Service, and Chief of Staff to the President under the Park Geun-hye administration.

3.1.10. Moon Jae-in government

  • Lim Jong-seok : He is the first Chief of Staff to the President of the Moon Jae-in administration.
  • Cho Kuk : He was the senior secretary for civil affairs and the Minister of Justice in the Moon Jae-in administration , and was President Moon Jae-in 's closest associate, but he resigned due to the Cho Kuk incident , which became the starting point of a regime change.
  • Kim Kyung-soo : Governor of Gyeongsangnam-do under the Moon Jae-in administration and President Moon Jae-in's closest associate. He was the secretary of the Presidential Secretariat under Moon Jae-in, who was the Chief of Staff to the President during the participatory government.
  • Choi Jae-seong : He was the 4th senior secretary for political affairs in the Moon Jae-in administration and was also mentioned as the successor to Chief of Staff Noh Young-min.
  • Jang Ha-seong : He was the first head of policy at the Blue House under the Moon Jae-in administration, but resigned due to controversy over income-led growth. He served as ambassador to China, but stepped down after the Yoon Seok-yeol administration came into power.
  • Sangjo Kim : He exercised influence during the Moon Jae-in administration by serving as Chairman of the Fair Trade Commission and Chief of Policy at the Blue House.
  • Noh Young-min : The second Chief of Staff to the President under the Moon Jae-in administration.
  • Kim Hyun-mi : He served as a three-term member of the National Assembly and served as Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport under the Moon Jae-in administration, but was heavily criticized due to the real estate policy controversy.
  • Choo Mi-ae : During the Moon Jae-in administration, she served as the leader of the ruling Democratic Party and became the third Minister of Justice.
  • Eunhye Yoo : She was re-elected as a member of the National Assembly and served as the second Minister of Education and Deputy Prime Minister for Social Affairs under the Moon Jae-in administration.

3.1.11. Yoon Seok-yeol government

  • Lee Sang-min : He was the first Minister of Public Administration and Security under the Yoon Seok-yeol government and led the establishment of the National Police Agency.
  • Won Hee-ryong : He served as a three-term member of the National Assembly and re-elected governor of Jeju Province, and became the first Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport under the Yoon Seok-yeol government.
  • Park Min-sik : A re-elected member of the National Assembly, he became the first Minister of Patriots and Veterans Affairs under the Yoon Seok-yeol administration, and even after being promoted to the Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs, he became the first Minister of Patriots and Veterans Affairs.
  • Jin Park : A four-term member of the National Assembly and the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Yoon Seok-yeol government.
  • Kwon Young-se : A five-term member of the National Assembly and served as the first Minister of Unification in the Yoon Seok-yeol administration.
  • Chu Kyung-ho : A three-term member of the National Assembly, he served as the first Minister of Strategy and Finance and Deputy Prime Minister for Economy under the Yoon Seok-yeol government, and served as floor leader of the People Power Party.
  • Kim Dae-gi : The first Chief of Staff to the President during the Yoon Seok-yeol administration . Originally, he was classified as Chief of Staff Baji, due to the reputation that he had no grip on personnel matters in the President's Office. However, after President Yoon Seok-yeol's reorganization of the Presidential Office in August 2022, he took full power in the Presidential Office and became the head of the Presidential Office and one of the pro-Yoon powerful figures.
  • Lee Dong-kwan : He is the first chairman of the Korea Communications Commission under the Yoon Seok-yeol government.
  • Lee Cheol-gyu : He is a key politician of the People Power Party and served as Secretary General of the People Power Party.
  • Jeong Jin-seok : A key politician of the People Power Party, Chin-yoon served as chairman of the People Power Emergency Response Committee and became the third Chief of Staff to the President under the Yoon Seok-yeol administration.
  • Park Soo-young : He was a member of the People Power Party's re-elected National Assembly, a key pro-Yoon politician, and former director of the Yeouido Research Institute.
  • Choi Sang-mok : While serving as the first senior economic secretary in the Presidential Office of the Yoon Seok-yeol government, he oversaw the economic policies of the Yoon Seok-yeol government and was appointed as the second Minister of Strategy and Finance and Deputy Prime Minister for Economy under the Yoon Seok-yeol government.
  • Lee Kwan-seop : He served as senior secretary for government affairs and policy director in the Presidential Office of the Yoon Seok-yeol administration and was appointed as the second chief of staff to the president.
  • Jinsook Lee : She is the third Chairman of the Korea Communications Commission under the Yoon Seok-yeol administration.
  • Kim Hong-il : He is a former prosecutor of the Homicide Department and Special Department, and served as Chairman of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission and Chairman of the Korea Communications Commission under the Yoon Seok-yeol administration.

3.1.12. Lee Jae -myung government

  • Kim Hyun-ji : He is considered to be President Lee Jae-myung's original close friend who has been assisting him even before he entered politics, and is currently serving as the first deputy director of the President's Office. It is known that he is a key figure among the four members of the Gyeonggi-Seongnam line, which can be said to be President Lee Jae-myung's closest line in the past. As such, his relationship with President Lee Jae-myung lasts 28 years, and he is said to have a deep relationship with him. That's why he was appointed to the position of secretary for general affairs, known as the president's butler. An anonymous informant claiming to be an official of the President's Office said, "It is not easy to get a chief or secretary into the office of an administrator without going through Kim Hyun-ji," and claimed that the increase in personnel in the President's Office is being delayed due to Kim Hyun-ji's verification. # Anonymous pro-Myung faction lawmakers also say that when recommending someone to President Lee Jae-myung, they send related documents through Kim Hyun-ji. # It is said that some people are learning how to smoke in order to become closer to Kim Hyun-ji, a smoker. #
  • Jeong Seong-ho : He is a five-term member of the National Assembly of the Democratic Party of Korea and serves as the first Minister of Justice in the Lee Jae-myung administration . I have a very deep and long relationship with President Lee Jae-myung, spanning nearly 40 years since I was a student at the Judicial Research and Training Institute. He is called the ‘pro-Lee Jae-myung (pro-Myung) leader’ who has helped President Lee Jae-myung in both material and spiritual ways since the days when he was politically on the fringes. The trust between them is so deep that President Lee Jae-myung himself calls himself Jeong Seong-ho and Lee Jae-myung's group, not Lee Jae-myung's Lee Jae-myung's group.

3.2. foreign country

  • Edith Bowling Wilson : When President Woodrow Wilson suddenly became paralyzed while campaigning and was unable to carry out his duties, Wilson's wife, Edith Wilson, hid it and took charge of state affairs for the remainder of Wilson's term.
  • In the United States , the hierarchy of power and the division of authority within the executive branch are quite ambiguous, and the ambiguity is determined by the will of the president, so who is second in command varies from administration to administration. Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, National Security Advisor, Vice President, and (even) First Lady .
  • Hideki Tojo : Even before becoming Prime Minister, he took control of the military as the head of the control faction due to the fall of the Imperial Capital faction due to the February 26 incident.[6] Afterwards, he put pressure on the cabinet and took control of the country, almost holding those in power in the government by their necks. Eventually, he took over the position of Prime Minister and completely swallowed up the country, and even after stepping down due to the deepening defeat in the Pacific War that he had caused, he continued to exercise influence behind the scenes.
  • Vladimir Putin : According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation before the 2020 revision, "the same person cannot hold the office of president three times in succession," limiting him to two consecutive terms, that is, only three terms, without a limit on reappointment. Putin served as president for eight years, then briefly handed over the presidency to his closest associate, Dmitry Medvedev, and briefly stepped down as prime minister and head of the ruling United Russia party .
  • Mao Zedong : After the Great Leap Forward, he temporarily lost power, and the person in power at that time was the head of state, the President. Liu Shaoqi , General Secretary of the Communist Party of China It was a collective leadership system composed of Deng Xiaoping and Central Committee Standing Committee members ( Zhou Enlai , Zhu De , Chen Yun, etc.). However, Mao Zedong, as Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, committed an act of exceeding power through military power and started the Cultural Revolution , purging Liu Shaoqi, expelling Deng Xiamoping and other members of the Standing Committee, and taking control of the political situation again.
  • Hans von Seckt : While serving as Inspector General of the Ministry of the Army during the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1926, he worked hard to keep military power from being influenced by the government and politicians, and exercised his power as the most powerful person in the republic through the army he controlled. The prime ministers at the time were replaced on a random day.
  • Lee Kuan Yew : Although he handed over power to Goh Chok Tong, he stepped down as senior minister and exercised power behind the scenes.
  • Manuel Noriega : Although he is famous as the dictator of Panama , he has never actually served as the official president. However, he acted as a person with real power above the president.
  • Gupta family: An Indian conglomerate family that came to South Africa after the abolition of apartheid. They were in collusion with Jacob Zuma and exercised power by being involved in the appointment of cabinet ministers.
  • Pascalina Rennert : A powerful figure in the Vatican who was nicknamed the Lady Pope (La Papessa) . When Pius In other words, she was the political leader of the country called 'Vatican', and in effect ruled as regent.

4. Positions that are mentioned in real life[8]

4.1. public office

    • Yijojeonrang (吏曹銓郞): It refers to both the Jeongrang and Jwarang of Lee Jo . Because he was in charge of casting, he was called Jeonrang (銓郞). During the Joseon Dynasty , the ranks were only 5th grade for Jeongrang and 6th grade for Jwarang, but they became powerful because they delegated personnel authority to Leejojeonrang to keep Lee Jopanseo in check. It was a position elevated to chancellor . The power struggle over the seat of the Yijo War became the trigger for the emergence of the first gangs , Dongin and Seoin .
    • Chief Secretary : A position equivalent to the President's staff working in the President's Office .[9] Among them, the Senior Secretary to the President for Civil Affairs had a strong influence. (However, among the senior secretaries, the nominal first place in the hierarchy was the senior secretary for political affairs. The majority of senior secretaries for political affairs are former members of the National Assembly who failed to be elected or nominated, but the difference is that civil affairs are handled by high-ranking figures from the pro-government legal community (especially the prosecution).) And the Chief of Staff to the President manages the senior secretaries and assists the president as the head of these senior secretaries.
    • Assistant Minister, Director: Since Ministers and Vice Ministers are often recruited from outside or as parachute appointments , the influence of Assistant Ministers or Directors in managing work increases. In the Japanese Ministry of Defense , the internal secretariat, rather than the Minister of Defense, oversees practical affairs. The Minister of Defense often symbolizes the policy stance or control of the civilian population by politicians .
    • Commander of the Defense Security Command : For a while, he was able to meet the President alone, but during the reign of Kim Young-sam, the superior-subordinate relationship with the Minister of National Defense became clear and the private office was abolished. However, it was revived again under Lee Myung-bak , and the Defense Security Command itself was abolished under Moon Jae-in .
    • Ministry of Strategy and Finance Director of the Budget Office : The position of the Director of the Budget Office itself is a first-class civil servant, but because he oversees all of the country's budget, he is a vice-minister of government, super-high-ranking prosecutors including the Director of the Prosecutor's Office, and even half-baked ministers.[10] Members of the National Assembly also[11] This is a position that cannot be done carelessly. For this reason, if you are promoted to Vice Minister or Commissioner of the National Tax Service,[12] Some even say that power is being diminished further.

4.2. public corporation

4.3. major company

5. related document


[1] However, in this case, the upper line may be divided.[2] It was controversial whether Choi In -kyu got off or the successor, Hong Jin -ki, but it was concluded that Choi In -kyu had fallen, and Choi In -kyu was executed.[3] This was largely due to the fact that Chun Doo-hwan was the central figure of Hanahoe, a private organization of Park Chung-hee's pro-guards within the military . This was possible because he was a person who was openly protected by the President and was the center of the President's security forces.[4] He was called Jwa Dong-young and Woo Hyung-woo.[5] It was not just a matter of simple distancing, but the conflict was so severe that when Roh Moo-hyun left the Uri Party, he openly stated, “I was kicked out . ”[6] The time of power is about 6-8 years, but the term of office is less than three years instead of prime minister. After the 2.26 incident, he gradually caught power, and in Hiranuma, in the second or third, he had almost jointly rule with Kono, but he was very powerful in Gono since the second or three.[7] Until 1949, to be exact. Since 1950, after the creation of national wealth, he has been in power in Taiwan as the president, not as the person in power.[8] Relatively greater influence or authority than position. As you can see, of course there is more to the top.[9] Positions inside the presidential office are typical positions with stronger actual power than nominal positions. For example, the meeting of the three high-ranking party officials is centered around the party (representative) - government (prime minister) - chief (chief secretary), and they meet each subordinate (party: floor leader, secretary general, policy committee chairman, chief spokesperson, etc.) Field / Jeong: Ministers and vice-ministers of each ministry, head of the Office for Government Policy Coordination, Chief of the Prime Minister’s Office, etc. / Large: Chiefs in each field corresponding to government ministries, secretaries) are brought in, and the chief of staff is at the ministerial level in terms of organization, so the representative of the ruling party or Although the level of staff is significantly lower than that of the Prime Minister, the meeting takes place like this. Likewise, the chief is at the rank of vice minister in terms of position, but the actual rank in the party-government relationship matches that of the minister.[10] Ministers of ministries with non-governmental relations (professors, researchers, etc.) or whose power itself is at a lower level (Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Gender Equality and Family, etc.)[11] There are proportional first lines, etc.[12] For reference, the head of the National Tax Service is also treated as an important position of power, comparable to the prosecutor general.
File:CC-whitethisdocument all or part of thedocumentr411board,2.1 number one paragraphTaken from Go to Previous History

CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 KR
This document is available under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 KR. (except for some documents and illustrations where licenses are specified)
The copyright of the contributed document belongs to each contributor, and each contributor owns the copyright of the part they contribute.

RecentChanges
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •  
  •