ice hockey

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ice hockey
Ice Hockey
오베치킨크로스비
File:KXLNE6EO5VF...
The attacking player and the goaltender blocking it .
sports information
type
number of participants
6 people
Stadium
suzerain
body contact
possible[3]
equipment
Hockey skates , sticks, pucks, various protective gear (helmet, neck, chest, shoulders, elbows, shin guards)
Goaltender: Goggles for eye protection, skates, sticks, and protective gear for goaltenders[4]
International Competition Information
International Organization
IIHF (International Ice Hockey Federation)
Adoption of the Winter Olympics
Men's Division:
1920 Antwerp (trial)
1924 Shamoni[5] (formula)

Women's Division: 1998 Nagano
Adopted for the Winter Asian Games
Men's Division: 1986 Sapporo[6]
Women's Division: 1996 Harbin

1. outline2. origin3. popularity4. Awareness in Korea5. characteristic
5.1. sense of speed
6. rule
6.1. composition of players
6.1.1. ice hockey units6.1.2. characteristics of each player6.1.3. opinion
6.2. game progress
6.2.1. Stadium6.2.2. Match start and characteristics6.2.3. score6.2.4. ice hockey foul
6.2.4.1. relatively minor foul6.2.4.2. relatively serious foul6.2.4.3. special foul
6.3. fight in the nhl6.4. ice hockey equipment
7. Competition
7.1. interstate hockey competition7.2. League
8. ice hockey world
8.1. Canada's national sport
8.1.1. Cases of overheated atmosphere and riots8.1.2. Derivatives
8.2. other countries8.3. Ice hockey in South Korea
8.3.1. men's8.3.2. women's8.3.3. club sports
9. relay status10. media11. digression12. look around

1. outline

Ice hockey or ice ball[7] is a game on the ice where you use a stick to hit a puck , a disc made of rubber, into the goal. You can think of it as playing field hockey on land but on ice. It is a winter sport widely practiced in North America, Northern Europe, and Eastern Europe.

2. origin

File:9NwXIyo
The first ice hockey photo taken in 1881
Bandy , a game similar to ice hockey, was played in England, Russia, and the Netherlands, and was developed into present-day ice hockey by British immigrants to Canada. A game held in Canada in the 1870s is considered the beginning of ice hockey, and subsequent rule revisions were made in Canada. The International Ice Hockey Federation considers this to be the beginning of ice hockey. It is truly Canada 's national sport . It was first introduced at the 1920 Antwerp Olympics , before the Summer and Winter Olympics were separated , and has been adopted as an official event at the first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Chamonix Winter Olympics, and has continued to this day. Additionally, the ice hockey finals, like the marathon at the Summer Olympics , have a tradition of being held last in the Winter Olympics.[8] At the 2026 Milan/Cortina d'Ampezzo Winter Olympics, NHL players were able to participate in the Olympics for the first time in 12 years since the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics . Although controversy was raised due to process delays at the main stadium, Milan's Santa Giulia Arena, and the rink length being 1m shorter than the international standard, Connor McDavid , Sidney Crosby , Auston Matthews , Nathan MacKinnon , and Leon Draseitl World-class players such as Maclean Celebrini and others participated.

3. popularity

Ice hockey captures the essence of the Canadian experience in the New World. In a land so inescapably and bitterly cold, ice hockey is a lifesaver and a confirmation that we are alive even in the biting cold of winter .
Hockey captures the essence of Canadian experience in the New World. In a land so inescapably and inhospitably cold, hockey is the chance of life, and an affirmation that despite the deathly chill of winter we are alive.

Stephen Leacock[9]
The NHL , which is considered the highest level of ice hockey professional league, is one of the most profitable professional sports leagues in the world, earning approximately 8 trillion won in revenue, ranking 5th in terms of revenue among professional sports leagues in the world . 4th and 6th place are football 's Premier League and La Liga . It is one of the sports that enjoys great popularity around the world . It is the most popular sport in the Winter Olympics , accounting for almost half of the crowds and sales alone .[10] It boasts high TV viewership and commercial value in North America and Europe. Explosive speed, constant line changes, meticulous team strategy, and intense physical competition combine to captivate the audience. In countries with cold climates such as Canada, Sweden, Finland, Russia, and the Czech Republic, it has become a national sport thanks to its long history and environment. In Canada, it has developed into a national symbol since the first game was held in Montreal in 1875, and was officially designated as the national winter sport by Parliament in 1994. In the NHL , the world's best ice hockey league, superstar players such as Connor McDavid , Sidney Crosby , and Aleksandr Ovechkin form a loyal fan base. The men's ice hockey final at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics was watched by a whopping 114 million people, making it the most-watched ice hockey game in history . #

Based on NBC's tally, about 27.6 million people watched in the U.S. and 16.6 million in Canada, recording explosive box office success. The 2025 4 Nations Face‑Off match was watched by approximately 10.4 million people. The average viewership of the Stanley Cup Finals was 4 million in Canada and about 2.5 million in the United States, and in the 2014 NHL Winter Classic, 105,491 people filled the stadium, showing the fandom and enthusiasm of the audience. Traditionally, ice hockey was a winter sport, but in modern times, there are many indoor ice rinks, so it is not greatly affected by the season. In northern regions where winter is distinct, there are ample opportunities to experience ice hockey, and in the United States, it is popular in Minnesota, Michigan, Seattle, and Boston, which are close to the Canadian border. Recently, as performance has improved in southern regions such as California and Florida, popularity is spreading to tropical regions. The NHL, the North American professional league, traditionally does not hold games on Christmas Day and has a break from December 24 to 26 to allow players and staff to spend time with their families.

In international competitions, Nordic teams, including Canada and the United States, are powerful, but they rarely have an absolute advantage like the U.S. national basketball team. In fact, at the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, due to the absence of NHL players, Canada and the United States were eliminated in the semifinals, and Germany and Russia faced each other in the finals. Ultimately, ice hockey's high economic value, strong fandom centered in North America and Europe, and historical, geographical, political, and social characteristics combined to establish it as a cultural phenomenon beyond a simple sport. In Europe, the IIHF World Championship receives great attention as a match where national pride is at stake. Ice hockey has a tight training structure that extends from youth leagues to high schools, colleges, and pros, so local rinks are bustling with young players practicing, parents cheering, and tournaments during the winter season. The game itself is exciting and immersive, combining explosive speed, constant line changes, split-second decisions, team strategy, and intense physical competition on a narrow ice surface. In Canada, winter rinks serve as central spaces for local communities, and children naturally learn to skate and parents help them practice. Ice hockey has become more than just a sport, it has become part of the national identity and lifestyle. Combined with this historical background, fandom and spectator enthusiasm through major events such as the Stanley Cup and the Olympics, harsh winter environments, local community-centered culture, intergenerational traditions, systematic player training structure, and the influence of international competitions, the popularity of ice hockey went beyond the simple enjoyment of the game and firmly established itself as a cultural phenomenon that shows the life and culture of countries with cold climates. However, it is less popular in Asian and South American countries with warm climates.

4. Awareness in Korea

Although ice hockey boasts great popularity, it is also a sport with relatively low interest and popularity in Korea . Unlike the Olympics , which record high viewer ratings around the world, in Korea, short track , speed skating , and figure skating , which are the main sports of the Winter Olympics, are more famous and have better viewer ratings. With the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, interest in corporate teams such as HL Anyang has increased somewhat, but interest is limited due to limitations in accessibility, awareness, and systematic training structure. In Korea, the awareness of ice hockey is considerably lower than that of popular sports such as soccer , baseball , basketball , and volleyball , and is at a similar level to that of American football . Even in the Olympics, it falls behind short track and figure skating, and even in the media, news related to the NHL or ice hockey is rarely covered unless it is the Stanley Cup Final or a special event. Therefore, if you are interested in ice hockey, it is best to refer to overseas platforms such as the English-language NHL official website (NHL.com) and ESPN . It is not that there were no opportunities to watch past NHL games in Korea. From the late 2000s to the early 2010s, Hong Kong -based All Sports Network (ASN) held broadcasting rights in Asia, and some games, All-Star Game, playoffs, and Stanley Cup games were broadcast in Korea. However, there were very few cases where it was broadcast regularly on terrestrial broadcasters or domestic cable channels. From then on, they had to rely on official streaming such as NHL.TV or overseas broadcasting, and recently, it became possible to watch games legally in Korea through global streaming services such as DAZN .

In the past, Korean players Baek Ji-seon and Richard Park played in the NHL and received attention for a while, but the general public's interest was small, and some ice hockey fans continued their interest by looking for game broadcasts through foreign channels. In the 2020s, Aiden Park, Richard Park's nephew, was a surprise selection in the NHL Draft . The most famous Korean player is Nam Hee-du , but this was due to his appearance in Transit Love 2 rather than ice hockey itself , so right after the end of Transit Love 2, the number of fans visiting the stadium to see Nam Hee-du increased, but as time went by, interest cooled down as if it had never been so, and the number of individual fans who come to watch Nam Hee-du's games has decreased compared to existing ice hockey fans. Domestic NHL enthusiasts are active in Internet communities such as Efem Korea Other Sports Ice Hockey Gallery and DC Inside NHL Gallery, and share technical terms, tactics, and record information such as blue line, forward/defense positions, power play, and penalty kill. Some team records and season records are also organized, and there is high-quality data.

NHL players will be allowed to participate in the 2026 Milan/Cortina d'Ampezzo Winter Olympics for the first time in 12 years, and awareness is gradually increasing in Korea as well. In particular, on the day of the finals, it was broadcast on JTBC and this document ranked first in real-time search terms.

5. characteristic

5.1. sense of speed

speed of ice hockey 1
speed of ice hockey 2
Canada vs USA 4 Nations Faceoff
Among ball sports, it is one of the sports with the fastest game tempo in the world, along with basketball and tennis . The first impression that people who encounter ice hockey for the first time are usually similar. I don't feel like the rules are complicated or that the fighting is intense. Almost reflexively, the first thought that comes to mind is “Why is it so fast?” This is a sport that leaves an impression on the audience with its speed before even understanding the content of the game. There are many cases where a scene passes by before you can even understand what happened. Ice hockey is often called a 'very fast sport', but in reality, it is closer to a sport where the nature of the game is defined by speed. Structurally, it has to be that way. Ice hockey is a sport in which players wearing skates glide across the ice and push a rubber puck with a stick. Skates greatly increase movement speed, and the puck slides across the ice without slowing down. It is an environment where both people's movement speed and the puck's movement speed are fast. As these conditions overlap, the perceived speed is on the high side compared to other ball games. This is also the reason why scenes where spectators lose sight of the puck's location often appear.

For example, the speed of a slap shot measured in the NHL is around 160 km/h, and a strong shot can reach 180 km/h. If a 160 km/h fastball is classified as a fast ball in baseball, in ice hockey, pucks of this speed are passed back and forth repeatedly during the game. In addition, the players are also moving at around 30 km per hour. It is not a stationary state, but the speed of exchange in situations where they intersect and change direction. Therefore, in broadcasts, the location of the puck is sometimes displayed with auxiliary graphics. For this reason, passes in ice hockey are often made considering the movement path rather than the current position of the receiving player. This is because both the player giving the pass and the player receiving the pass are constantly moving. There aren't many shots where the puck is held for long, and most plays are handled in short touches. Because there is not much time to think, play follows trained patterns and reactions. If you are late in making decisions, it is easy to lose the puck right away.

This sense of speed is also revealed in the substitution method. In ice hockey, players can be freely replaced during the game. After one line plays for about 40 to 50 seconds, they go to the bench and another player comes in. Because it consumes a lot of stamina, it is common to run strongly for a short period of time and then replace it. These substitutions are repeated without interrupting the flow of the game. As a real-life example, NHL superstar Connor McDavid is often cited as the player who best experiences the speed of ice hockey . The scene of the player passing between defenders at very high speed and creating a scoring opportunity is repeated, but you can see the movement clearly when you watch it again in slow motion. Many say that the record of 153 points in the 2022-23 season was largely due to the ability to move one beat ahead in this fast game tempo. Because decisions and actions are made in such a short period of time, mistakes often occur. The scene of the puck being taken away due to a hasty pass or misjudgment is repeated. However, this is accepted as a naturally occurring phenomenon in a fast-paced environment. This is because the moment you hesitate, the opponent takes the puck.

This characteristic becomes more clear when compared to other stocks. In soccer, the tempo can be controlled by using a wide range of space, while in basketball, there are sections where the speed is controlled through dribbling. Baseball has a rhythm of repeated stops and plays. On the other hand, ice hockey does not have many slowdown sections during the game. The very situation of stopping quickly leads to pressure. In the end, ice hockey's speed is not a characteristic that appears by chance. Many factors, including the way the players move, the characteristics of the puck, the substitution rules, the size of the rink, and the way the game is run, are based on the premise of fast flow. It is a structure that makes it difficult to develop slowly. So people who see ice hockey for the first time have similar reactions and say, “I don’t know what’s going on, but it’s very fast.” This is an expression that well reveals the characteristics of ice hockey. This is because ice hockey is a sport that is first experienced through speed before understanding the content. For this reason, ice hockey refereeing is also considered a 3D industry in the sports refereeing industry. This is because you have to avoid pucks flying at dozens of kilometers to hundreds of tens of kilometers and players skating at 30 kilometers throughout the game, and you have to use force to stop players who get excited and try to collide with each other if necessary. In particular, skating skills that are on par with those of the players and corresponding skating stamina are essential.

6. rule

Ice hockey matches are played three times, each lasting 20 minutes. Total time is 60 minutes. Each 20 minutes is called one period. There is 15 minutes of rest and ice time between periods. If the winner is not determined after three periods, a 5-minute sudden death overtime period will be held after a 3-minute break. However, this refers to when deciding who can secure more points, such as in the regular season or Olympic group stage games , and in cases where only wins and losses are important, such as league playoffs or Olympic tournaments, sudden death overtime is usually held for 20 minutes after a 15-minute break and stoppage. Of course, overtime changes the location and uses the same side as the second period. Due to the nature of ice hockey, where teams change sides but the bench maintains its initial position, in overtime, as in the second period, the bench is in the opponent's camp, making player replacement difficult, which can create opportunities. There are many sides that aim for this to lead to a golden goal . If no goals are scored in overtime and the game is not decided, a shootout is held (the winning side receives 1 point as the final score).[11][12][13]

6.1. composition of players

The players on an ice hockey rink consist of six players per team, including one goaltender who blocks the puck at the goal and five skaters who play with the puck on the rink. Among these, the skaters are divided into two defenders and three forwards, who are attackers. The defense is further divided into left defense and right defense, which play the wings, and the forwards are divided into center forwards , who play in the center, and wingers, who play the wings . Entries for one game are 20 players according to NHL rules and 22 players according to international rules. It mainly consists of 4 offensive lines, 3 defensive pairs, and 2 goalies. If international rules are followed, there are 22 players, so one more defensive pair may be used, or one additional attacker and one defender may be added as standby players. On the other hand, only two goaltenders are allowed on the rink, and there is no rule that a goaltender must be present. Therefore, when the game is down by one goal right before the end, it is an all-or-nothing game and only six players play without the goaltender. This situation is called an 'empty net'.[14] As a side note, unlike most sports where goalkeeper-specific uniforms exist, in ice hockey, goaltenders wear the same uniforms as other field players. Even if they are not wearing different colored clothes, you can clearly tell who the goaltender is just by looking at the equipment they are wearing. Therefore, wearing uniforms of different colors is prohibited by the rules.

6.1.1. ice hockey units

Because of this, each of the 20 players comes out according to the game situation, and their combination, the unit, comes out alternately. These shifts are the core of teamwork.
  • Lines 1 to 4: Teams are generally divided into 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th lines based on skill differences, and the line composition is created taking into account the players' skills and teamwork. The ability of a coach is measured by how appropriately he matches it with his opponent, and players who regularly play on the same line become line mates and defense pairs. In general, there are times when defenders are not formed into four pairs, and depending on strength, there are cases where one forward and one defenseman are on standby.[15]
  • Scoring Unit: This is an attack-focused unit comprised of players with the best offensive ability and teamwork among their teammates. Mainly 1st and 2nd line players play. At the very beginning of the game, this unit almost starts off. Strikers whose names you may have heard of in passing, such as Sidney Crosby and Aleksandr Ovechkin, are most likely first or second line players.
  • Checking unit: It is a unit with the purpose of reducing attack power but becoming defensive power and wasting time while fighting with opponent attackers while taking time. It is a 3rd and 4th line unit, and Enforcers , so-called fighters, usually play in this unit. If this unit is present at the start of the first period in the NHL, it is a 99% bench-clearing start.
  • Power play unit: This is a unit used when the opposing team has an advantage in number of players due to being sent off due to a minor penalty. Because it is an opportunity to score points, the team consists of players with excellent offensive ability, and most often uses 4 attackers and 1 defender. An attacker or defender with excellent passing skills is responsible for coordinating the power play. This type of defender is called a quarterback. Basically, it is a 5-member unit, but since there is also a 4-on-3 power play, there is also a 4-member unit.
  • Penalty Killing Unit: On the other hand, this is a unit used when an ally is sent off due to a minor penalty and the number of players is at a disadvantage. We must endure the numerical disadvantage situation due to the penalty without conceding as many goals as possible. Naturally, since the situation is very unfavorable, players focusing on defense (mainly 2:2 in terms of attack/defense ratio) are used, but as the saying goes that offense is the best defense, forwards who can target the opponent's gap as a counter when taking the puck are also included. Jordan Stoll is famous as a striker who is good at penalty killing. Basically, it is a 4-member unit, but since it can be played 3:5 or 3:4, there are also 3-member units.
  • 4 to 4 units: Even if both teams are sent off at the same time at the same time, even if they are not powerful play or penalty killing situations, a unit of 4: 4 occurs. Power -play units or penalty killing units come out as they are, and they have a separate 4: 4 line, but there are few simultaneous disits, so this unit rarely comes out. The game that follows the IIHF regulations is 4: 4 for extra time for extra time, so this line is virtually overtime unit.
  • Overtime unit: In regular season overtime, as it is played 3-3, the line composition changes because the game unfolds quickly and the scoring probability is higher. Depending on the coach's inclination or the chemistry between players, the attack/defense ratio is usually divided into 2:1 or 1:2 configurations. Due to the short nature of the time, the number of lines is mostly 3 lines with 9 elite players. In the playoffs, overtime is also played 5-5, so this line will never appear in the playoffs.
  • Extra Attacker: When a delay penalty is awarded or the losing team is losing by less than 2 points within 2 minutes of the end of the game, the losing team plays an empty-net play without the goalie. This refers to a skater who appears in place of the goalie. Two strikers are usually selected, and these two alternate when changing lines.

6.1.2. characteristics of each player

Basically, it is a sport with 2 players on the left, 1 in the middle, and 2 on the right. Since it is a sport that uses long sticks, it can be divided into left-handed and right-handed shooters based on the shooting direction. This is based on the bent part of an actual hockey stick and the arm closest to the blade. Also, if you look closely at the blades, the blade for left-handed shooters is r-shaped and convex to the left, while the blade for right-handed shooters is convex to the right. Here, play styles are largely divided into two types: American style and Canadian style. In American style, the dominant hand is held with the bottom hand, and in Canadian style, the dominant hand is held with the top hand. This is usually determined by looking at the strength of the arm and which direction works better when twisting the body for a swing and deciding on the one that is more comfortable. The American style is a method of sweeping the floor to throw the puck, like a baseball swing or sweeping a broom. If a right-hander plays the American style, it is normal for the body to rotate counterclockwise during the swing. On the other hand, the Canadian style involves scooping up the ground like a shovel and throwing the puck. Likewise, if a right-hander uses the Canadian style, his or her body rotates clockwise when swinging.

In Canada, especially in the French-speaking province of Quebec , there have been many players playing this way for a long time, because delicate stick control was more important than strong swings. This spread beyond Quebec to the English-speaking world and the West, and today in Canada, many players are taught to use their dominant hand as their top hand. However, stick control is a factor that can be overcome with practice depending on the person, and this shooting style also has a big influence on which direction the body is more comfortable to turn and the player's skating ability, independent of the player's hands. Because the strengths and weaknesses of each player are so different, stereotypes such as left-right play in baseball or wrong-footed or right-footed play direction in soccer are not as strong in ice hockey. In particular, factors outside the game have a significant influence, such as left-handed/right-handed children learning to play hockey by inheriting equipment from right-handed/left-handed family members, making it even more impossible to consistently determine the classification of each player as left-handed/right-handed in real life based solely on the shot direction in play. According to sales in the hockey equipment industry, sticks for left-handed shooters, that is, Canadian-style right-handed shooters, are sold more in a ratio of approximately 6:4 to 7:3. In the United States, in the past, right-handed sticks, which are often used by American-style right-handers, were sold more, but there is a trend in which left-handed sticks are increasingly sold more like in Canada. Prospective American hockey players who grew up watching Canadian players making a name for themselves in the NHL are following suit, and the American style of play is gradually becoming popular in the United States as well.

What's interesting is that this play style unexpectedly affects baseball . Canadian baseball players learn hockey as a daily sport from a young age, so there are many cases where right-handed players only learn to bat with their left hand while learning baseball while hockey is ingrained in them . It turns out that famous Canadian right-handed and left-handed sluggers such as Justin Morneau , Joey Votto , and Larry Walker may have grown into left-handed hitters rather than right-handed hitters due to the influence of learning hockey in this way. According to Sportsnet articles and papers , players from cities such as Michigan and Minnesota, which are classified as hockey towns in the U.S., have a higher rate of right-handed pitching and left-handed hitting compared to players from the warmer south, which can also be assumed to be an influence of hockey. In contrast, Tom Glavine , despite being left-handed, learned to play hockey as an American-style left-handed shooter and played in the NHL. He was selected by the Los Angeles Kings , and unlike hockey, which is played with the left hand, in baseball, throwing with the left hand is a major strength, so he was selected by the MLB. He chose to join the Atlanta Braves . On the other hand, Alexander Ovechkin , the Russian captain of the Washington Capitals, is left-handed when playing hockey and takes right-handed shots with his left hand as his top hand. When he throws the first pitch for the Washington Nationals, a baseball team in his neighborhood , he throws with his left hand, but when practicing batting in the batting cage, he takes the right-handed batter's box.
6.1.2.1. forward
File:details ico...  more detailsCenter Forward (Ice Hockey) documentcastPlease note.
File:details ico...  more detailsWinger (ice hockey) documentcastPlease note.
6.1.2.2. defense
File:details ico...  more detailsDefense (ice hockey) documentcastPlease note.
6.1.2.3. goaltender
File:details ico...  more detailsgoaltender documentcastPlease note.

6.1.3. opinion

Like other sports, there is a captain, but in ice hockey, players are replaced so quickly and frequently that instead of only one captain, up to two vice-captains are appointed as captains . The captain wears the C mark and the two vice-captains wear the A mark on their lower left shoulder. Once the referee calls, the captain comes first and plays the role of conveying or receiving the situation, but if the captain leaves the field due to expulsion or injury during the game, the vice-captain continues to serve as captain thereafter. Protests against decisions can only be made by the captains.[16] The captains and vice-captains are mainly played by first- and second-line skaters who are excellent at scoring, and due to the nature of the sport where there is a lot of physical fighting, the vice-captains are also limited to at least one 3rd- and 4th-line skater. However, goaltenders cannot serve as captain or vice-captain. Even if the captain or vice-captain is absent because he or she is not included in the entry, or cannot play due to injury or suspension, another player must affix the captain's mark and register the game entry to match the three captains. At this time, if the captain is absent, the vice-captain is generally not promoted to captain, but the fourth captain performs this role, and the fourth captain is mainly played by veteran players.

6.2. game progress

6.2.1. Stadium

File:HockeyRink-...
It looks like this. The red line in the middle is the center line, the two blue lines near the center line are the offside lines that mark each team's camp, and the red line in line with the goal is the icing line. Inside the circle is the face-off circle when play is stopped.[17][18] The four dots outside the blue line are the face-off points when an offside occurs. The size of the rink is slightly different between IIHF standards and NHL standards. IIHF is the length[19] 60m, width[20] It is over 26m and under 30m, and the NHL is 200 feet (61.0m) long and 85 feet (25.9m) wide. Before the 2021 revision, the IIHF standards were fixed at 60m in length and 30m in width, but this was a bit difficult because it did not match the NHL standards. Then, through revisions, the IIHF added a no-possession zone for goaltenders that existed only in the NHL , and made the rink standard into a range, reducing the difference from the NHL standard to less than 1m. The outside of the rink is surrounded by a wall and a glass wall is built on top of it. Although it is made of tempered glass that is shatterproof to withstand the puck being shot and the players' struggles, it often breaks. Naturally, if this glass wall is destroyed, the game is immediately stopped, the glass wall is replaced, and then the game is resumed.[21]


There is an additional net on the wall behind the goal, which is for the safety of spectators. It doesn't come out easily, but of course there are out of bounds. If the puck touches a player or coaching staff on the bench, passes in a direction where there is no net on the bench or headquarters, or hits the net behind the goal, the puck is out and the game is stopped. If the shot goes out of bounds, it is an unavoidable situation, so it is simply restarted with a face-off, but even if you use a stick, if you intentionally pass it to the bench or stands, or use your bare hands, a minor penalty will be imposed regardless of whether it was intentional or not. The goalpost is designed to be movable for the safety of players, and if the goalpost moves from its correct position, the game is stopped. In this state of movement, even if the puck goes into the goal, it is not a score.

6.2.2. Match start and characteristics

The game begins with a face-off, where the centers of both teams face each other in the center of the center line and catch the puck dropped by the referee . Due to the intense nature of the game, there are many penalties, and the player who receives the penalty is sentenced to 2 minutes depending on the severity.[22] , 5 minutes[23] , 10 minutes[24] , in severe cases, complete exit[25] You get kicked out of the rink for something like this. The ejected player waits in the penalty box, and the situation where the number of players is different is called a power play.[26] Since the game is played with one player missing, it is natural that the team that received the penalty is at a disadvantage. The maximum number of ejections is two, and in a two-man advantage, if the side with fewer players commits another foul, a substitute player is sent to the team that committed the foul. In this case, even if one person's penalty time expires, it must still be four people. If a goal is scored at this time, it is called a power play goal, and this power play goal success rate is also one of the factors that can be used to evaluate the team's skills. When a power play goal is scored, the ejected player comes in immediately.[27] If you are sent off due to a warning, you cannot return until the time runs out even if a goal is scored. However, if the defensive team endures all of the power play time, it is said to have succeeded in killing the penalty, and it is an indicator by which the team's defensive ability can be evaluated. Conversely, a goal scored by a team with a numerical inferiority is called a short-handed goal, and of course, if you score a short-handed goal, you will be in serious trouble. In numerical superiority, when a goal is scored, neither player on the rink has any effect on the goal difference during the trip, but in the case of inferior scores, the goal difference record during the trip changes.

There are two fouls that you must know when watching ice hockey: offside and icing . If two fouls are committed, a face-off takes place in the half of the team that fouled. Neither of them committed a foul, so there is no ejection. Please refer to the relevant document for the two fouls, and briefly explain that the reason for the existence of offside, like in soccer, is to prevent the attacker from being stuck in front of the opponent's goal, and icing is to prevent indiscriminate clearance-style time-wasting defense. Additionally, like the penalty area in soccer, ice hockey has a goal crease, making it impossible for skaters to body check the goaltender inside the goal crease.[28] In ice hockey, like soccer, ordinary players are not prevented from using their bare hands at all.[29] Goaltenders also have no restrictions on the areas they can use their hands. Both skaters and goalies can be replaced an unlimited number of times, and there is no need to notify the referee of the replacement. The only situation in which substitution is not possible is when an icing foul is committed. As an exception, even if the player is unable to participate in the game due to an injury before or after icing or has committed an icing, it is permitted to use a goalie except for one skater in situations where the goalie is missing (empty net) or when icing is declared only after a penalty occurs.

6.2.3. score

You score when you put the puck in the goal. At this time, the scorer is a member of the scoring team who last touched the puck, and assists are given not only to the assist but also to the player who scored the starting point.[30] However, there are some limitations to scoring.
  • The puck must pass through the attacking team's stick before entering. It is also permitted to cause a deflection (tip-in) with the stick. Anything that hits the player's body, hockey skates, or protective gear does not score a point if it is intentional. For example, if you pick up or catch a puck on the ice or a flying puck with your hand, or kick the puck with a hockey skate and put it into the goal, the goal is invalid because it is clearly intentional. However, this does not apply to own goals, and the opposing team's score is recognized by any means.
  • It is invalid even if a goal is scored in a foul condition such as exceeding the number of seats, offside, or high stick.
  • Even if the goalie intentionally checks directly or indirectly and scores a goal while the goalie is empty or falls, it is invalid.[31]
  • A goal is scored if the goal is scored and the goalpost moves, but a goal scored while the goalpost is moving is not a goal.
  • In addition, even if a rebound score is scored while the goalie is injured by a puck shot in an area where there is no protection, the referee may declare it invalid at his discretion.

Below is a breakdown by scoring situation.
  • Even Strength Goal (ESG)
    A goal is scored when an equal number of players are on the rink. In the case of this score, re-entry is not allowed even if there is a player who has been sent off.
  • Power Play Goal (PPG)
    A goal scored while the opponent is sent off for a foul and has a numerical advantage. At this time, there is no change in the goal difference record during the trip. The opposing player who has been ejected from the minor comes in immediately, and when two players are ejected, there is little time remaining.[32] Penalties continue after a player enters, and in the case of a double minor with more than 2 minutes remaining, only 2 minutes remain.[33] The penalty continues. However, if you have received a major penalty or been ejected for remaining time, you will not be able to re-enter.[34]
  • Shorthanded Goal (SHG)
    If the team is outnumbered by committing a foul, it is scored.
  • Empty Net Goal (ENG)
    All you have to do is put the puck into an empty goal when your opponent removes the goalkeeper. It usually comes out when the opponent is in a hurry or when an own goal is scored during an advantage.
  • Penalty Shot Goal (PSG)
    Scored with a penalty shot.

For reference , Mario Lemieux achieved all of these five items in one game against New Jersey on December 31, 1988.[35]

Of course, there are also own goals . In this case, like in soccer, an own goal is not indicated next to the player who committed an own goal, but the goal is recognized as the score of the player on the scoring team who touched the puck last on the scoring team, and assists are increased as usual. There are many goals where the puck hits the goalkeeper or the defender's body and is reflected or deflected, so the shot is deliberately aimed at that. Therefore, in hockey, there is a tendency to call an own goal only when a player from his own team directly puts the puck into his team's goal with a hockey stick. In an empty-net situation, passing to your own team's blueliner is rare, but it happens once or twice a season in the NHL. If the opponent scores an own goal even though the scoring team's player was never touched, the goal is scored by the face-off player. For reference, an own goal is valid even if the goal is intentionally thrown into one's own goal using a hand other than a stick. Just like soccer, scoring three goals is a hat trick . When a hat trick occurs, spectators throw hats into the rink to congratulate the player.[36][37]

6.2.4. ice hockey foul

Mainly referenced NHL rules. Note that there are often slight differences between leagues and competitions.

Minor, double minor, major, misconduct, game misconduct, or match penalty may be awarded depending on the severity of the violation, as listed in the Official Rules and at the referee's discretion.

Minors are subject to a 2-minute penalty if they cross the line to interfere with a player or the game. In addition, it is also given when a player is replaced incorrectly on the bench. Here, if one player from both teams is ejected for two minutes at the same time, the action is different in the NHL and IIHF. In the NHL, two players are removed and the score continues at 4:4.[38] The IIHF sends both players to the penalty box, but adds one more person each to prevent personnel changes.[39] When there is an imbalance in personnel, if the numerically superior team scores, one person who was ejected is returned. If there are the same number of people, they will not be removed from the penalty box. If it is a double minor or triple minor, cut it to the nearest multiple of 2.[40] Players cannot enter. A double minor occurs when a player commits two consecutive fouls while on defense.[41] It is given when there is a complaint about bleeding or an unauthorized player exceeding the limit.[42]

A major is issued with a 5-minute penalty and a warning, and is given when a foul is severe enough to warrant a minor. However, because this standard is vague, majors rarely appear on their own, and often appear in conjunction with misconduct or higher. If both teams commit a major penalty at the same time[43] We add one more person each and go without changing the number of people. In the case of a major ejection, there is a difference in the number of players, and even if a goal is conceded, re-entry is not allowed until 5 minutes have elapsed.[44] If you receive a third warning, not only will you be subject to a major penalty due to accumulated warnings, but you will also be subject to game misconduct. Additionally, if major penalties are accumulated in a season, a disciplinary action will be taken. Even if a major penalty is received separately, if several major penalties received immediately after the disciplinary action are combined, the player will be suspended from the next game. For reference, if it is IIHF, game misconduct is added immediately. In other words, leave immediately without warning.

A 10-minute penalty is given for misconduct, including for unsportsmanlike conduct, fighting, and challenging the authority of the referee. This in itself does not result in a player absence, but since it is still a foul, it is customary to add a 2-minute minor penalty. In other words, 10 minutes of misconduct players + 2 minutes of minor players are spent at the same time, and after 2 minutes, only minor players re-enter. Substitution itself is possible after 10 minutes, but replacing this player can result in an over-maximum penalty, so it is common to return to the bench only when the game is stopped after more than 10 minutes.

Game misconduct results in the expulsion of the player who committed the foul, accumulated warnings, and boarding that causes him to hit his face. Additional video analysis will be conducted after the game, explanations must be given in front of relevant officials , and depending on the circumstances, additional disciplinary action may be taken. According to the rules, an ejected player can be replaced with another player.[45] This penalty itself does not give a penalty other than an ejection, but it is rarely given alone and is given along with a minor or major, and in many cases, a major is given. This means that in most cases, the player is sent off and another player has to stay in the penalty box in his place for 2 or 5 minutes. According to the rules, a player who is ejected due to game misconduct can be immediately replaced, so this is prevented and the game is forced to have a numerical disadvantage for a certain period of time. The actions of the match itself are almost identical to the matches described below, with differences in post-processing. The official recorded PIM is 10 minutes in the NHL and 20 minutes in the IIHF.

Matches are awarded only in very serious cases, such as fouls with the intention of directly destroying the opponent, ejections are standard, and referees directly contact the league commissioner after the game about the incident and its circumstances. In the case of a game misconduct, it may end without further disciplinary action depending on the circumstances and circumstances, but in the case of a match, the disciplinary action itself is definitely given, and only the severity varies depending on the situation. Also, unlike game misconduct, which allows for an immediate replacement according to the rules, a replacement player must be sent to the penalty box for 5 minutes. The official recorded PIM is 10 minutes in the NHL and 25 minutes in the IIHF.

Goaltenders can also receive penalties. In this case, one of the players currently on the ice is sent to the penalty box in place of the goaltender. However, in case of ejection, the player must immediately enter the locker room, replace with another goaltender, and send one skater to the box. In some cases, the penalty is specified, but in the official rules list, it is often written as follows: "This foul is subject to such and such a penalty depending on the situation, at the discretion of the referee." Therefore, they were generally classified according to the type of penalty given, and unsportsmanlike conduct-related, puck-related, goaltender-related, fighting-related, equipment-related, and other game-related fouls were specifically classified.

On the other hand, in these foul situations, a penalty shot can be imposed if the defending team commits a penalty in a solo opportunity (commonly called a breakaway in hockey) and prevents the goal from being scored. The method is the same as the shootout, similar to the relationship between penalty kicks and penalty kicks in soccer.[46] However, unlike soccer penalty kicks, penalty shots are very difficult to see because there are not that many solo chances, and they are not always cut off by unreasonable fouls.[47] Of course, in this case as well as a minor penalty, if the player continues to attack despite receiving a foul that could result in a penalty shot, the game continues with the advantage, and if a goal is successfully scored, no penalty shot is taken. If a solo chance occurs in an empty net situation and a penalty is issued, the score is immediately recognized without going through a penalty shot.[48]
6.2.4.1. relatively minor foul
Next is minor or double minor.[49] It ends at about that level. However, if the severity becomes more severe, it may not end in minor, and in particularly severe cases such as slashing, clipping, and tripping, it may even escalate to retirement .
  • Holding: A foul that literally involves holding onto an opposing player. This includes not only holding with your hands and stretching, but also using your arms or legs to stretch more than necessary. However, protective mask[50] Pulling is classified separately as unsportsmanlike conduct. The decision of this foul has a great impact on the aggressiveness of the game. If a holding foul is narrowly acknowledged, the defense will have an advantage because it will have more time to hinder the offensive player from gaining speed. Until the 2000s, holding fouls were considered narrowly, but these days, they are held relatively broadly for aggressive games.
  • Holding the stick: A foul involving holding the stick held by an opposing player. The referee's motion is like a holding. Appropriately hitting the opponent's stick ,[51] It is not a problem to temporarily block using your arms or legs . Of course, it is a foul to take it away.
  • Hooking: This is given when a stick hooks the opponent's upper body like a hook and pulls it. Depending on the strength of the bet, it is a penalty that the referee has a lot of discretion to the point of thinking, 'How is that a penalty?' Two-minute minor penalty. Like holding, it is a foul that affects the aggressiveness of the match. If the hooking foul is narrowly acknowledged, even if the defender cannot keep up with the attacker's skating, there is a chance to interrupt the attack with a stick, giving the defense an advantage. Like holding, these days hooking fouls are caught wider than before.
  • Roughing: Given when you act harshly towards the other person. A typical example of this is when you hit an opponent with a gloved hand.[52] Or, it is mainly a case of checking while the game is stopped.
  • Tripping: A foul that exists in any ball game. Awarded when a player is knocked down by walking below the knee of an opposing player who is moving with a stick or body part. Two-minute minor penalty. However, if you use a part of your body to trip the opponent's legs and knock them down, this can be upgraded to slooping depending on the severity. Also, if you recklessly knock over an opponent near the wall, a boarding is added depending on the circumstances and you may receive additional disciplinary action .[53]
  • High-sticking: Awarded when you hit an opponent in the face with your stick. There is no case of intentionally striking the face, but it usually occurs when the stick is wielded due to loss of balance while defending, or when the opponent's face is unintentionally hit by bumping into the opponent's stick while shooting. A 2-minute minor penalty or a 4-minute penalty for a double minor if the opposing player bleeds. The majority of direct double minors come from this foul. It also occurs when handling an air puck with a stick rather than a hand.[54] In the case of high sticking that does not injure the opponent by hitting it, it is classified as a violation and there is no ejection. It's the same logic as blowing a whistle when your feet are high in soccer.
  • Slashing: When you hit an opponent's body or stick with your stick, as if cutting with a knife, or attempt to do so.[55] This is a penalty given. It is easy to understand because it usually hits the opponent's wrist or stick. This is because if you hit your wrist, it hurts and you let go of the stick, and if you hit the stick, it breaks in two or flies away. This shows that hockey is an expensive sport, and there are times when you have to unintentionally buy a new stick. If you think about it, it is a very dangerous foul using the stick as a weapon , but in most cases, it is only minor because it hits relatively less dangerous areas such as the hand or the opponent's stick. Hitting or slashing an opponent's neck or face can result in a game misconduct or even a match penalty . From the 2017-18 season, referees began to treat it more strictly. Originally, tapping your hand was tolerated, but now even just brushing your hand is a minor penalty. In particular, there were many cases of chasing fast players and hitting their hands with their sticks from behind, but now it is time to go to the penalty box.
  • Clipping: Bottom checking[56] This happens when you hit the opponent's leg, especially below the knee . If the opponent ends up falling asleep, it is minor, but if the opponent is injured,[57] Elevated to gaming misconduct .
6.2.4.2. relatively serious foul
The following are some of the fouls that are set as basics in most majors, and game misconduct and match penalties are also frequently reported. In theory, there are some penalties that are the lowest minor or double minor, but since the players who commit these fouls are usually aiming for the critical spot, the penalties that are usually given starting from major are also described here. The penalties here are, in other words, fouls that pose a risk of serious harm to the victim . In particular, boarding, kneeing, and slew-footing are fouls that, if committed, can result in not only expulsion but also disciplinary action.
  • Checking from behind: This occurs when you approach from the opponent's blind spot and hit the opponent's back to knock them down. Like boarding, it doesn't have to be pinned to the wall, but since it happens very often in situations similar to boarding, if someone gets hit on the wall, it's usually treated as boarding. If the opposing player was just looking at the puck with his head down and got hit, most people would just say, "The guy who got hit is pathetic. He always keeps his head up and avoids checking, which is something we've been taught from a young age." However, if the opponent was careful in his own way and blatantly went into the blind spot and hit it, the story is a little different.
  • Charging: Running more than three steps when body checking,[58] When body checking, both feet are off the ice[59] It happens.
  • Cross-checking: One of the fouls that uses a stick as a weapon, along with slashing and spearing . Slashing is a movement of swinging the stick, especially the blade part, at the opponent as if cutting with a knife, and spearing or butt ending is a movement of holding the stick like a spear and stabbing the opponent, while crosschecking is a movement of holding the stick like a quarter staff and striking the opponent with most of it. In theory, it is the lowest minor, but in reality it is almost a major because it often hits the opponent's face . Since public opinion on cross-checking is very negative, it is fortunate that it ends in a major .
    However, in reality, most people push and fall, so there are surprisingly many cases of receiving a minor.
  • Spearing: Given when holding a stick like a spear and stabbing an opponent with the blade of the stick , or attempting such an action. It is a foul that uses a stick as a weapon , and in principle it is the lowest double minor, but the reason why it actually eats the lowest major is that players who commit this foul usually hit the opponent's vitals . In particular , if you are going to explode in the middle of the day, you can see that the game misconduct is the default option .
  • Butt ending: This is given when holding a stick like a spear and stabbing an opponent with the blunt end opposite the blade of the stick , or attempting such an act. Everything else is the same as spearing.
  • Kneeing: Given when you deliberately bump your opponent's knee with your knee. Aside from the risk of injury, the injured player's career can be ended on the spot, so further detailed explanations of this seriousness are omitted.
  • Elbowing: Given when striking an opponent with the elbow. Perhaps because of its seriousness, it doesn't come out that often, so there is a collection of videos on YouTube.
  • Boarding: Occurs when an opposing player is hit more roughly than necessary against the wall surrounding the stadium. Major is basic, and game misconduct is also one of the relatively serious fouls that is issued frequently. In ice hockey, there is a culture in which lying down is viewed very negatively, so people try to shake it off and get up, but in the case of really cunning players or players who have been hit really hard, they continue to lie down, which can negatively affect public opinion and easily lead to misconduct of the game. In particular, if, under the circumstances, it appears that the opposing player hit his head hard, public opinion is already very sensitive to concussion-related issues, so game misconduct is assumed as a default, regardless of intentionality .
  • Illegal check to the head: A new rule created by the NHL since 2011 as the concussion problem arose. This is valid if there is a lot of intentionality, the main hitting area during the check is on the head, and the opponent who was hit was careless enough to be unconvincing. As expected, in most cases, Game Misconduct is installed by default.
  • Slew-footing: An act of not simply hooking one's legs, but using one's entire body to forcefully throw one's opponent onto the ice. It doesn't apply to just tapping your legs while passing by. This is the lowest match penalty , and of course additional punishment awaits.

He is putting on a batdari blow . Of course, ice hockey is not a fighting sport .
  • Head butting: Awarded when headbutting an opponent. If it was intentional, it is at least a game misconduct.
  • Blocker Punch: Awarded only to goaltenders when they hit an opposing player with the hand wearing a blocker. It is similar to roughing, but the blocker is very hard as it is a protective equipment to block the puck, so if you hit the opponent with it, it becomes a blunt weapon. If it is not intentional, it sometimes ends in a minor, but if it is intentional, it is a match penalty .
6.2.4.3. special foul
Describes unsportsmanlike conduct, fighting, puck handling, goaltender related, equipment related, and other offenses related to the conduct of the game.
  • Unsportsmanlike conduct: verbal abuse, throwing dirt on the ice,[60] Hair pulling, spitting, biting , judgment protests and arguments[61] This includes actions such as shooting the puck toward the opponent during a stoppage in the game. In basketball, it is almost similar to a technical foul, so literally a variety of fouls are called for unsportsmanlike conduct. There is also a case where drinking water from an opposing goaltender's water bottle during a goal celebration is considered unsportsmanlike. The first time, a 2-minute minor is given, the second time is a 10-minute misconduct, and the third time, both a game misconduct and a minor are given. In other words, the player is sent off, a pinch hitter is sent to the penalty box, and the player has to play while outnumbered for two minutes .
  • Fighting: Literally fighting . A penalty given for fighting during a game. In the Asian League and in matches that follow international rules, a game misconduct is given, and in North America, if only bare fists are used, a major penalty is imposed, and if any other tool is used, a minor match penalty is given. Even if he only used his bare fists, he took off his uniform from the beginning and fought.[62] If you continue to hit your opponent even when he has stretched out, a game misconduct may be added, and if you use your legs to hit the opponent, a match penalty will be added due to slugging.
  • instigating: to start a fight, to make a one-sided attack. This penalty is incurred when you do not fight in response to each other at the same time, but follow and provoke your opponent even before the fight begins, or when you take off your gloves first and run to hit them instead of taking off your gloves and punching them at the same time. 2 minutes minor + 5 minutes major for fighting + 10 minutes misconduct for unsportsmanlike conduct. A total of 17 minutes is spent in the penalty box, and cannot be replaced .
    This means that you have to play while outnumbered throughout the period. If the fight is not successful, the 5-minute major fight will be skipped, but you will still be out of power for the next 12 minutes .
  • A player who throws off his uniform before fighting is awarded both a minor and a game misconduct.
  • Bench-clearing: for the fight[63] The act of entering the rink from the bench. It corresponds to game misconduct and additional punishment is heavy.
  • Goaltender interference: Interfering with the goaltender's defense, simply put, keeper charging. It is awarded when the defending goalie is hit in a goal crease. The goal crease is the blue-painted area in front of the goal and is a goalie protection area. It is a foul with a lot of ambiguity because it is a common situation and it is difficult to determine intentionality during the melee in front of the goal. Usually, this foul is given when the goalie collides with an opposing player while the game is in progress. That's why players often abuse it. When on the defensive, the defending player intentionally pushes the opposing player toward the goaltender on the same side, causing the goaltender to fall. If you think about it simply, it should be a cross-checking penalty, but it gives a lot of goaltender interference. If it were an opposing striker, it would be a fairly unfair foul. The NHL, which is strict about protecting goaltenders by saying, ‘I didn’t do anything wrong, why should I get a foul?’ almost unconditionally defaults to game misconduct. After reviewing the video, additional disciplinary action may be taken depending on intentionality. Separately from this, if you check the goalie, retaliation from the opponent is bound to follow, regardless of whether it was intentional or a foul was acknowledged.
  • Interference: This is given when you intentionally obstruct the progress of an opponent. Did a body check on the wrong person[64] Awarded for catching the puck outside the field of play.
  • Delay of game: Stopping the game by grabbing the puck with your hand, usually when you are on the defensive.[65] When the puck is intentionally passed into the stands with the stick.[66] , when the goalpost was intentionally moved,[67] This occurs when the goaltender catches the puck in a puck-possession zone on both corners of his own half, stops the game by holding the puck in his hands while there is no pressure from the opponent, crosses the center line of the rink regardless of whether he has possession of the puck, replaces a player in a situation where replacement is not possible , determines there is no problem after requesting a determination of defective equipment, and commits a face-off double fault. 2 minute minor penalty. In the case of the NHL, when you challenge the opposing team's goal but fail,[68] It happens. Illegal player substitution, review result, correct decision, no equipment problem, double fault is a bench minor, and if the goaltender commits a minor penalty, he or she will not be ejected, so the coach nominates one person and sends him to the box.
  • Illegal Equipment: A foul is called immediately without delay penalty. If the coach determines that the opposing team's player's equipment does not meet the standards, he or she may request and receive measurements. Most of them are processed as minor.
    • You may take off your helmet during the game, but you must wear a helmet when you change and enter the bench. In the case of goaltenders, the game is immediately stopped when the protective mask is removed, but if you intentionally remove the entire mask by abusing it, you will be penalized for interfering with the game.[69]
    • If a stick breaks during the game, the stick must be discarded immediately, and a penalty will be imposed if this is not observed. Of course, you cannot throw it at a player or referee, but you must put it down on the spot. However, passing it to the bench is okay.
    • If you are found wearing non-standard equipment during a match[70] Penalties are given, and often fines are imposed on the spot.[71]
  • Too many players on the ice: As explained earlier, this is a foul that occurs when more players than the quota of 6 are in the rink during a line change.[72] This is a 2-minute minor penalty, and it is a team-wide foul that makes it difficult to specify which specific player committed the foul.[73] Because of this, the coach designates a random field player from the fouling team and sends him to the penalty box. It is declared only while the game is in progress, and during suspension, it does not resume until only the necessary number of players remain.
  • Illegal hit: A penalty limited to women's and children's competitions. Since a woman's vital area is near the chest, a body check, which is a legal technique in a men's game, is a foul if it goes toward the chest in a women's game.[74] , in the children's division, checking itself is a foul and a minor penalty of 2 minutes.
  • Diving: To put it simply, it is a Hollywood action (flop). If it is determined that a person has lied down feigning pain or committed an excessive Hollywood action for the purpose of overtly inducing a penalty despite inducing a light penalty or having been hit legally, it is given at the discretion of the referee.
  • Penalty shoot: If a defender commits a foul on an attacker during a solo opportunity, a penalty shot is awarded. If the defending team has excluded the goalie (empty net), the goal is recognized without a penalty shot.
  • Delayed Penalty: If a foul is committed and the fouled side still has the puck, the advantage is given until it is taken away, and all players except the goaltender are given the advantage.[75] The moment an opposing player touches the puck, the game is stopped and a penalty is awarded for a foul. Even if a goal is scored at this time, the goal is recognized, and if it was a minor penalty, the foul record itself is erased. One thing to be careful of is that own goals are also recognized, so make sure you don't accidentally give the opposing goaltender a point.[76][77]

6.3. fight in the nhl

The NHL 's unique characteristic and the perception that people who don't know much about ice hockey have about it is that it is a sport that involves fighting rather than playing. Of course, there are occasional fights in other ice hockey leagues and sports, but in North American ice hockey, fights are incomparably more frequent. In The Simpsons , Homer Simpson says, "Watching a fight in ice hockey is more fun than watching a game." In Friends , when the main characters have to leave the ice hockey game in a hurry, there is a part where they say, "Let's go and watch just one more fight!" Some people just like these gang fights, so in the past, fans made video tapes of only these fight scenes and collected them or sold them. It has a cult following because it is so convincingly made in NHL video games. For a video game based on ice hockey, it is difficult to find a game that does not implement a fighting system, and some of them even had a mode where tournaments were held solely through fighting . As far as the NHL series goes, when a fight occurs following a rough check during a normal game progress screen, the angle suddenly spins and enters fight mode. The vivid descriptions, including throwing sticks and gloves, are excellent. In EA NHL 11-13, like Fist of the North Star Punch Mania, you can use a clear view of the opponent's face to give the feeling of a real fight. It is quite vivid that the greater the damage, the narrower the field of view becomes. From 14 onwards, the existing field of view can be used.

In a real situation, the signal during the game is when both players throw their sticks and gloves . If that signal is given, neither the referee nor other players have the obligation to stop the fight. If two fighters are exchanging punches and one of them goes down, the referees immediately rush in to stop the fight, and both fighters receive a major penalty of 5 minutes. In this case, since the players are sent off simultaneously, substitute players come out immediately without numerical superiority, and even if a goal is scored, no player in the penalty box can come out. When watching a match, the height, weight, and fighting style of both fighters are displayed in subtitles. At this level, it is almost like an event-type hidden game. There are reasons established by the American and Canadian hockey courts for tolerating such fights. Ice hockey is a very intense sport and the players wear a lot of protective gear, so there is a lot of physical contact between the players, so there are times when feelings are hurt. It is dangerous if ice hockey players, who have all kinds of weapons such as hockey skate blades, sticks, helmets, pads, and pucks all over their bodies, lose their senses and run wild, so it is a North American solution to relieve stress by tolerating fights with legal rules to prevent unexpected behavior . Therefore, no weapons other than fists can be used , and players heavily armed with various types of protective gear fight on slippery ice with only their bare fists, so there are no serious injuries , and surprisingly, the response from North American audiences was good , so we reached an agreement.[78]

There are three major reasons for this to happen.
  • Retaliation: Fighting occurs when the opposing team injures a player from the other team, makes another dirty play, or celebrates in front of the other team. In particular, the team's main scorer or ace is exposed to the opposing team's harsh checks, so a player who is good at fighting becomes a bodyguard. In particular, if a goaltender, who has a high role in the game, is checked regardless of intention, retaliation will almost always follow.
  • Suppressing the initiative: In some cases, the attack is carried out first as a way to suppress the initiative before retaliating. These people are usually referred to as infoseo or slang as a group. Even though these players have poor scoring or offensive ability, they are excellent at tough defense, or have the ability to boost players' morale, so they often intentionally start fights to take the lead.
  • Fan service level: However, it does not necessarily occur for negative reasons such as revenge. If the home team is losing badly, they intentionally start a fight and start a fight as a kind of fan service to the home team's fans. This is to provide something to see for fans who would be reluctant to pay for tickets if a match is held without an answer.


For this reason, the team that fought most often is Colorado's larvae and Detroit Red Wings . From the mid -90s to the 2000s, the team that fought fiercely in the west, and both teams are full of fighter spirit, so they are often fought with rival feelings. In the meantime, he joins the Golden Patrick Lua and Chris Osgut .


The fight that took place the following year, in 1998. At this point, it was a fight between goalies. The main characters(?) were Patrick Rua and Chris Osgood.

What is important in that video is that even though they are fighting throughout the game, they at least fight over the sticks when fighting . In North America, there is less punishment because there are bare fists, but in Europe, where bare fists, tools, and games are misconducted, people who attack with tools are more common than expected. This never happens in international competitions like the Olympics. This fight is a local rule that only applies to North American ice hockey, and these players know very well that they are not allowed to do things like this when they wear their national team uniforms . If a match is made in an international competition, the player will be immediately expelled for the remaining time , and the disciplinary action is as strong as suspension from the remainder of the competition . It is the same in European leagues that anyone involved in a fight is permanently kicked out of the game that day, but in order to appease the anger of angry supporters,[79] The disciplinary action is lighter than that of the national university. Even among North American fans who are familiar with the NHL, many of them are Canadian die- hards , so there is still debate about whether fighting is allowed among them. In particular, public opinion is growing that it is a necessary evil due to accidents caused by some radicals. In addition, in the case of the NFL, brain damage has been increasingly considered a serious issue since 2010, and the NHL is also studying this issue only for enforcers . In particular, the issue of brain damage became a public issue after it was revealed that Derek Boogaard, who died from drug poisoning in 2011, suffered from severe brain damage. In addition, brain damage is said to have been involved in the deaths of at least five retired informers.


In international competitions, there is no punching, just body-checking, hard punching, shoving, and grabbing by the neck. If you watch the video, he never hits you with his fist. It's similar to football, where you push but never punch.


However, in the match between ROC (Russia) and Switzerland at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the physical fight between the two teams was so intense that a scuffle broke out at the goal post, and at this time, there was a real fistfight and 4 people were penalized.


Of course, in international competitions held under NHL rules, you can just fight. The video above is a brawl that occurred during the 2025 4 Nations Face-off, and many factors other than hockey played a role. Anti-American sentiment across Canada was soaring due to the 51st provincial drip and tariff war between Canada and the United States from the end of 2024 , and on February 15, 2025, the two countries clashed in Saint-Vel to coincide with the 60th anniversary of the establishment of the Canadian flag. Even political figures such as Justin Trudeau , Pierre Poliève , and Jean Chrétien received a lot of attention, and even before the game , thunderous boos poured in for The Star-Spangled Banner, and on the contrary, there was an extremely passionate “Canada” sing-along. As expected, as soon as the game started, players from both teams threw down their gloves, and as many as three fights broke out until the 9th second. Even in the second fight, when the older brother lost , the younger brother took on his older brother's teammate ! In a series of fights that took place as soon as it started, they won with a set score of 2:1.[80] Canada even scored the first goal from Connor McDavid, and the entire nation went crazy, with people chanting "Tariffs won't slow him down!" on the radio, but after that, they showed constipation hockey and lost 3-1. (...) Meanwhile, in the return match held in the U.S. five days later, on the contrary, U.S. home fans booed the Canadian national anthem and sang along when the U.S. national anthem was played. Canada achieved revenge by coming from behind to win 3:2 over the United States.

As North American people are sensitive to fair play, these fights have many rules of tacit.
  • Before fighting, the enforcers, the fighting leaders of both teams, agree to fight, either verbally or through other means . The reason this is important is because in a fight, the person who starts the fight first incurs a much longer penalty. This is because they receive a so-called instigator penalty , and both teams have to change their strategies. If you agree to face each other and drop your stick and gloves at the same time, there is no instigator penalty . This will also prevent unwanted people from getting involved in the fight.
  • Replace as much as possible and try to fight right after entering. They also reserve the right to refuse if one of the players is injured.
  • As mentioned above, do not use tools, do not pull the jersey over your head, and do not pull other players or referees nearby.
  • No matter who wins the fight, if everyone fights, they will accept the outcome. In the first place , the outcome of the fight may change the atmosphere, but it has nothing to do with the outcome of the match.

A fighter with good fighting etiquette and manners takes on the role of captain or leader within the team, and becomes a player beloved by fans by changing the mood of the game when appropriate. Representative players include Ty Domi , a former player for the Toronto Maple Leafs , and several others. Since most of these players are sent off frequently, players with good offensive skills are more of a waste of their skills. A rare example is the Colorado Avalanche's Jerome Iginla , who is the team's main scorer but is also famous for being a fighter with bad manners. On the other hand, in the case of Sidney Crosby, who was caught by his hair while fighting, even though he is a superstar, there are many people who hate him for that reason. In addition to hockey training, these athletes also undergo fighting training, such as sparring with actual professional boxers .

In Asian League ice hockey , the pool is small, so fights do not occur unless the players are really excited, so the spectators tend to get excited and boo, but starting from the 2022-23 season, they have become somewhat more lenient, cheering when a player on the cheering team wins. Of course, according to Asian League regulations, fights rarely take place as they are sent off during the remaining time, so most of them end only with the excitement of the spectators. However, in cases of special conflict, such as a match between two countries, China and Taiwan, which will be described later, there are fierce fights and spectators sometimes join in by throwing objects at the players of the opposing team.

You can only fight a maximum of two times, not three times. As mentioned before, it is a major penalty that comes with a warning, so if you fight for the third time, you will be ejected with accumulated warnings, so the player must make sure to manage the warning. Even in the NHL series , if a player has already fought twice, that player will not be able to fight no matter how many commands he inputs. If a fight occurs between teams other than the NHL, lower minor leagues, or North American youth leagues, the player will be immediately expelled for game misconduct. What you should never forget is that ice hockey is a sport where you have to score good goals , not a sport where you win by throwing good punches .

It has also appeared comically in Disney animations, such as in the TV version of Hockey Homicide where all the characters have goofy faces. Funny enough, the audience was more excited than the players and came out in a rush to fight , and the referee and players went up to the stands, ate snacks, laughed and had fun, and the episode ended with the spectators watching the gang fight. Well, the animation made us laugh and have fun, but in the movie, the head and face of the players were hit continuously with a hockey stick in a time when there were no helmets. If it were real, the players and spectators would have died en masse and were covered in blood. Since this work came out in 1945, you can guess how long the tradition of fighting in North American ice hockey is.

Hockey players sometimes advocate for enforcers who specialize in such fights. Among sports involving physical contact, hockey is a sport in which, more than basketball, there are a great many attempts to submerge ace players in profanity. When Wayne Gretzky , the greatest hockey player of all time, first debuted, people said, "He's so skilled, but he's so skinny, he looks like he'll die on the ice." Dave Semenko and Marty McSorley were the enforcers who reliably protected Gretzky from being beaten by players from other teams at the time of the Oilers. When Gretzky transferred to the Los Angeles Kings, he included in his contract that he would only go to the Kings if he took McSorley with him. Not only in the NHL, but also among college teams in Canada and the northern United States, where hockey enthusiasm is high, there are many cases where players face off against each other. The five prestigious hockey teams in the University Golden Cup Tournament in the north-central part of the United States compete so fiercely that quite a few fights break out. The fight between players from the University of Minnesota and the University of North Dakota is very famous. Of course, they fight during the game, and fights often occur, and they also fight during the handshake period before exiting the game.

Ice hockey fights also changed depending on the times. From the early 1920s to the 1960s, the league had one or two players fighting around an ace player to protect themselves. In the 70s, the Philadelphia Flyers , known as the Broad Street Gangsters , reached their peak by forming a team with tough players who were strong in fighting. Other teams also adopted this, and the 80s became a rough era where players fought and fought among themselves. Since the 90s, the format has changed to a one-on-one fight that can still be seen today. Enforcers are very difficult jobs and have a lot of mental fatigue.[81] It is said that fighters who fight do not have much hard feelings toward each other. After the fighting style was changed to 1:1, there are cases where they chat with each other before starting a fight, saying, "How are you feeling now?" or "Let's finish it off quickly." Of course, it's not just North America that does this, other hockey teams also clash like this if their relationship was initially bad. For example, when the Chinese and Taiwanese teams were playing, they were fighting and fighting, and Taiwanese spectators also threw plastic water bottles at the Chinese players. It is a bonus that Chinese players wave the five-star red flag .
During the Hong Kong democracy movement in 2019 , when Hong Kong won against the Chinese team, the Chinese team players beat the Hong Kong team players as soon as the game ended . At the time, Chinese people took Hong Kong's side and criticized the Chinese team. In addition, teams from countries in conflict fight to the death. Fights take place not only in the NHL, but also in the Russian league, the KHL .


In February 2025, Justin Bieber , who participated as a player in a charity ice hockey tournament to help recover from the massive LA wildfire in Los Angeles, intentionally faked a fight with American hockey legend Jeremy Roenig. Fortunately, it ended with them just throwing punches at each other. #Related video

6.4. ice hockey equipment

Due to the nature of this sport, there is naturally a huge amount of equipment. First of all, at least two sticks are essential in case the basic sticks break. hockey skates[82] , shin guards that protect the shins and knees, stockings that cover the shin guards to prevent rotation, pants that protect the hips and thighs, elbow pads that cover the elbows and arms, gloves that protect the hands and wrists, a helmet, shoulder pads that protect the shoulders, chest, and back, and a uniform . Goalies are slightly different in that they have larger sticks, they use leg pads on their legs, trappers and blockers made for goalies as well as gloves , and they wear dedicated masks with face shields. Additionally, a neck guard protects the blood vessels in the neck.[83] , a skate guard added on top of the skates, a mouthpiece to protect the teeth, and a cage or visor made of iron to protect the eyes and face on the helmet.[84] In the past, there was a perception that players used visors selectively, but after Chris Pronger 's life-ending accident in 2011 when he suffered an eye injury from an opponent's stick, the vast majority of players consider visors to be essential equipment. Lastly, you must also wear a cyst protector. When you consider only these things, the cost overwhelms the cost of other items that are said to be expensive.

Even if you do this, there are many blind spots that are exposed, so getting hit by the puck or doing a body check can easily lead to injury if you don't have the skills. In addition, Goli's equipment has almost no blind spots, but is extremely heavy. It varies depending on the equipment, but even the lightest equipment weighs more than 15 kg, and the equipment that athletes usually prefer weighs 20 to 25 kg. Since ice hockey equipment is directly related to the player's life, it is extremely durable, so players in other sports prefer ice hockey-specific equipment, such as the catcher's integrated mask in baseball or the shoulder-chest pad in football. Ice hockey has strict equipment regulations, so intentionally taking off equipment or putting down sticks on the rink is prohibited. However, if the equipment is damaged, it must be discarded immediately. Even holding a broken stick is a penalty. Of course, this would never happen between people who exercise together, but since their feet are wearing hockey skates with steel blades, if they use their feet, it could be a serious accident. Even though hockey skate blades are thick, their edges are extremely sharp and hitting a major blood vessel can kill you in less than five minutes. If you use your skates in a fight, you will be immediately and permanently expelled.[85]

However, from the spectator's point of view, it is a little different, and the weapon you need to be most careful of is the puck . It is small and hard to see on the broadcast screen, but it is 1 inch (25.4 mm) thick, 3 inches (76.2 mm) in diameter, and weighs 160-170 grams, making it quite thick, large, and heavy in real life. (To make a simple comparison, it is similar in size to a single serving of steak at a high-end steakhouse.) Since it is made of vulcanized rubber, it is quite hard even at room temperature, and during games, it is frozen as hard as a rock on the ice. There is even a dedicated refrigerator that freezes pucks at the right temperature. The material of hockey sticks has changed from wood to carbon fiber, and the quality has improved and the repulsion force has become stronger, so when an NHL-level player hits a slapshot with a full swing, the speed is ridiculously over 95 to 100 mph. Imagine taking a full swing and being hit by a golf ball. A puck is larger and weighs more than a golf ball. In other words, if you are hit properly without protective equipment, you will die . It's no joke, the vast majority of safety accident fatalities in the NHL were spectators who were hit by the puck, not players or referees .[86]

If anyone is going to watch Korean ice hockey, please keep this in mind. In particular, in Korea, where ice hockey is an unpopular sport, the number of spectators is small and the spectator stands are located high, making it even more dangerous. It is not for nothing that the transparent reinforced plastic between the stands and the stadium is high and an additional net is used behind the goal to block it. For reference, sticks were originally made of wood layered and pressed together, but since the 1990s, the shaft is made of FRP with reinforcing fibers such as carbon, glass, and boron, and only the replaceable blade part is made of wood reinforced with fiber and resin.[87] Therefore, the stick weight has become significantly lighter than before. Recently, as the quality of composite blades has improved, integrated composite sticks are also widely used. Wooden sticks, which are an older method, were made in Northern Europe , such as Finland and Sweden, where there was a lot of wood and had advanced processing technology , and Canadian products were famous for their high quality. Of course, this is a big reason why ice hockey is a popular sport in Northern Europe and Canada, but wooden sticks are still used.

7. Competition

7.1. interstate hockey competition

7.2. League

8. ice hockey world

The most prestigious competition is the World Ice Hockey Championships , and ice hockey at the Winter Olympics is also recognized for its authority due to the fact that it is an international competition held at a big event called the Olympics and, unlike the World Championships, it is held once every four years.

8.1. Canada's national sport


Canada is not only the home of ice hockey, it is a country that is literally crazy about ice hockey . There is almost no Canadian adult who cannot skate. Just as there is a Taekwondo gym in every neighborhood in Korea, in Canada there is an ice rink in every neighborhood and the winters are long.[88] The level of early soccer in Korea is similar to that of elementary school students going to a Taekwondo gym after school, which is why many people enjoy it in their spare time. The back of Canada's old five-dollar bill, issued from 2001 to 2013, depicts a picture of children enjoying skating and ice hockey on a winter lake.[89] Just as Korean children go to Taekwondo gyms starting in kindergarten, they pick up sticks and learn ice hockey at rinks in every neighborhood when they are 4-5 years old. Perhaps that's why Elliott Page , who played the main character in the movie "Weepit ," which is roller derby, one of the roller skating sports , is said to have simply answered, "I'm from Canada," when asked if roller skating was difficult. When Canadians just say hockey without any modifiers, they are 100% referring to ice hockey.

CBC , Canada's public broadcaster , airs a program called Hockey Night in Canada, a live hockey broadcast on Saturday prime time on the TV and radio network. This program boasts a great history, starting in 1931 on radio and 1952 on TV, and is popular across the country. Former Boston Bruins coach and commentator Don Cherry is also famous for the unique outfits he wore on 'Coach's Corner' for 37 years starting in 1982, and he has been working with caster Ron McLean for a long time since 1986. Ice hockey fans living along the eastern border of the United States are said to subscribe to cable TV or listen to the radio to watch Hockey Night in Canada even if CBC is not broadcast on terrestrial broadcasting. The theme song used in this program until 2008 is also called Canada's second national anthem. Currently, this theme song is only used in TSN hockey broadcasts due to copyright reasons, and a new theme song, Canadian Gold, has been used since 2009. Canada's love for ice hockey is very old. Canadian troops who participated in the Korean War When the Imjin River froze in the winter, soldiers even built a rink there and enjoyed ice hockey. In commemoration of the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, the Korean War broke out in Korea for the first time in 66 years. The Imjin Classic Games were hosted by veterans .

8.1.1. Cases of overheated atmosphere and riots

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Stanley Cup riots reported by local Vancouver newspapers
Canada is enthusiastic enough to have a legend that he will not be able to celebrate the next morning when he criticizes ice hockey . In the 2011 Stanley Cup Final , Vancouver Kerruns was defeated by Boston Bruins and lost the championship. Of course, the riots did not just happen just because they lost. There was a biased judgment, and Vancouver went to the Stanley Cup final for the first time in 17 years after the 1994 confrontation with the Rangers, and lost to the seventh round as in 1994.[90]

Because of Canadians ' unquestioning love for ice hockey, some other sports teams were forced to move to the United States due to their business failing. Representative examples include the Expos de Montréal and the Vancouver Grizzlies . In particular, the Montreal Expos came under the management of the MLB Secretariat in the final stages, and suffered the humiliation of having to play some of their home games in Puerto Rico due to having fewer spectators than Major League Baseball teams and KBO league teams. Conversely , there are hockey teams that were left behind in the United States but exploded in popularity as soon as they came to Canada. Examples include the Calgary Flames , who moved to Calgary in 1980, and the Winnipeg Jets, who moved to Winnipeg in 2011 . Coincidentally, all of these teams had previous franchises in Atlanta. Calgary was the Atlanta Flames and Winnipeg was the Atlanta Thrashers, but both teams were sold due to extremely poor business.[91]

Because there are many European players, it is quite difficult to read the last names of non-English-speaking players, but it often becomes more difficult to read the last names of players from Eastern European countries. That's why pronunciation methods are also listed on hockey information sites. In Korean communities such as NHL Korea, players' names are often written in the original Roman letters rather than transliterated into Korean. There are quite a few hockey-related riots in Canada, most notably the 1993 Montreal Riots, the 1994 Vancouver Riots, and the 2011 Vancouver Riots. The 1993 riots were caused by fans who were overjoyed by Canadien de Montréal's win, and in 1994 and 2011, they were caused by Vancouver Canucks fans who were upset after losing to the New York Rangers and Boston Bruins in Game 7, respectively. In addition, the 2011 riots were not simply caused by losing, but also the dispute over biased decisions became a cause of the riots.

And at the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics, a riot almost broke out once again due to the NHL office's response. Initially, the NHL did not fill the Canadian team with NHL All-Stars because of "poor box office performance and the possibility of war," but the real reason was a feud between the NHL and IOC over funding. Even though he ultimately missed the event due to the coronavirus, he said he would go to the next event, the Beijing Winter Olympics, and the commissioner was scolded to pieces. As a result, the women's team lost 3:2 to the United States in the final and took the silver medal.[92] , the men's team lost 4:3 to Germany in the semifinals and fell to the bronze medal match, where they barely won against the Czech Republic. As a bonus, they won a silver medal at the PyeongChang Paralympic Games by allowing a golden goal to the United States. Fortunately, there was no unrest caused by the crushing defeat in Pyeongchang.

In fact, the biggest concern for the Canadian hockey world is that Canada's prestige is not what it used to be. For example, at the IIHF World Youth Championship held in the capital Ottawa last year in 2025, Latvia lost 2-3.[93] In the finals, they lost 3-4 to the Czech Republic and failed to win a medal, and even their neighbor and rival, the United States, took the championship. If we turn to the professional league, no Canadian team has won a championship since the Canadiens de Montréal in 1993 , and some are even complaining that the United States, led by the NCAA, is doing better in nurturing prospects. Since the retirement of Canadian players who dominated the league in the 1980s and 1990s, excellent Canadian players such as Sidney Crosby , Connor McDavid , and Nathan McKinnon have emerged, but among them, only Crosby and MacKinnon have won the Stanley Cup, and it is unfortunate that even this was achieved as a member of an American team. Here, the Canadiens, who have a long history, and especially the Toronto Maple Leafs, have not won a championship even though it has been more than half a century since their last championship. In addition, it is a matter of concern that the Canadiens are failing to be worthy of their name as a prestigious team. The bigger problem is that the country's economy is not doing well, so it is becoming difficult to develop hockey prospects, which is also one of the facts that the Canadian hockey world is seriously concerned about. In particular, as the influx of immigrants increases, the growth of basketball and soccer, which are well-known to them, is noticeable, while hockey, which requires relatively high costs, is either stagnating or showing a slight decline. Although small and medium-sized hockey leagues in Canada are still operating, this is not at a very reassuring level, so the Canadian hockey community is very worried.

8.1.2. Derivatives

Canada's love for ice hockey does not end with ice hockey alone, but has also given rise to derivative sports. In 1963, Ringette, a spin-off sport with less physical fighting, was created and distributed to make it easier for women to enjoy ice hockey. Since it is a sport that was born in Canada, it is natural that Canada is the home country. It is also popular as an alternative sport in Northern Europe, where ice hockey is good, and world competitions are held regularly. As you can see from the fact that the name of the sport includes ring, it is characterized by a ring rather than a ball. Game Video Broomball, which involves wearing sneakers and playing with a ball rather than a puck, is also a derivative sport, and although it is not exactly known, it is believed to have originated in Canada. It is the same sport as ice hockey except that the puck is replaced with a round ball and hockey skates are not worn. There is no need to learn skating, so the barrier to entry is low, so it is loved by people who want to enjoy it casually. Naturally, this sport also holds world competitions and leagues in North America. There is also Para Ice Hockey, which is also a Paralympic sport .

8.2. other countries

Except for Canada and the United States, most powerful countries are concentrated in Europe. In particular, Canada is considered the world's strongest ice hockey country, to the point where it is called the Dream Team. Countries such as Russia, a red machine that boasts the world's best since the Soviet era and has an ambition to grow the KHL into the world's strongest league , and Northern Europe's eternal rivals Sweden, Finland, and the Czech Republic are also strong. Surprisingly, the United States, home to the largest ice hockey league, the NHL, is slightly inferior to the leading countries. However, perhaps its popularity has steadily increased, and as of 2020, the name value of the U.S. national team is no less than that of Canada. The team has developed solid players such as Auston Matthews and Patrick Kane on offense , and John Carlson and Charlie McEvoy on defense, and the USA Development program is also steadily producing hockey prodigies such as Jack Hughes . Usually, the six countries in the world of ice hockey, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden, and the United States, are called the Big Six. As these six teams competed up and down the world rankings from 1st to 6th, their own league formation took hold. In the past, Slovakia was also combined and called the Big Seven, but after ranking 6th in 2012, it has stayed in 8th place for four consecutive years from 2013 to 2016, and Switzerland also ranked 7th for four consecutive years, breaking up the Big Seven and becoming the Big Six. In addition to the Big Seven, Norway, Denmark, Germany, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Latvia are considered ice hockey powerhouses. Of course, these teams belong to the 'Championship ' group at the World Championships. Finland, Sweden and Canada have not fallen to Division 1 in the current IIHF world ranking system since 1951.[94]

In Asia, Korea, Japan, and Kazakhstan are showing some strength, but are much lower than Europe or North America. South Korea is in the middle of Division 1A.[95] Japan is at the top of Division 1B, and Kazakhstan is a former Soviet bloc country, so it often participates in the championship. Other countries such as Mongolia, Kuwait, and Uzbekistan also have ice hockey teams, but they are very weak compared to the previous three countries. The largest ice hockey league in the world is definitely the NHL. Since four Canadian teams officially formed the federation in 1917, 32 teams from North America are currently competing. It is one of the four major sports leagues in the United States, along with the NFL, MLB, and NBA. The influence is also quite large. What's more, as soon as it was announced that NHL players would participate in the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics, the quality of games and crowd mobilization immediately increased, and at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, even stadium specifications and rules followed NHL standards.[96]

32 teams compete for the championship trophy, the Stanley Cup, through the playoffs. The team with the most wins so far is Canadiens de Montréal, with a total of 24 wins . The team with the second most championships, with 13, is the Toronto Maple Leafs , also in Canada . The team with the most wins among American teams is the Detroit Red Wings, who have won 11 championships . The Stanley Cup is also famous for its size; to put it simply, it is ridiculously large. The cup made of silver and nickel measures 90cm and weighs 15kg. Most people are of the opinion that it is similar to ice hockey, a northern sport, in that it competes based on size. Besides the NHL, the CHL is also quite popular. It is a hockey league played throughout Canada and parts of the western United States in which only high school students participate. In terms of baseball, it is similar to the Japanese high school baseball national championship . Divided into three regions, three teams are selected through league and playoffs, and those teams and the host club compete in a national competition for the trophy called the Memorial Cup. Although the regional tournaments, Western Hockey League, Ontario Hockey League, and Ligue de Hockey Junior Majer du Kebec, have a bit of a sparse crowd, they are packed during the national tournament season and are broadcast well.

Since 2010, the Eurasian ice hockey league, abbreviated as KHL, has been growing rapidly thanks to Russia's financial power. In particular, players from Eastern Europe, such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Russia, who had the skills to advance to the NHL in the past, chose to go to Russia, which is closer than North America, and quickly emerged as rivals to the NHL . However, with the introduction of the salary cap, the number of young prospects advancing to the NHL has increased, and due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022, many foreign players have left the team even though the season has not ended. On September 7, 2011, a plane carrying KHL Lokomotiv Yaroslavl players crashed, killing 44 people on board . There was only one survivor, Alexander Sizov, an airplane engineer. The death of national players from not only Russia but also the Czech Republic and other countries plunged the world of ice hockey into sorrow.

This did not apply at all to China or India, which are large sports markets. The performance of the Chinese men's ice hockey team, which is competing as the host country in the 2022 Winter Olympics, was so poor that it was embroiled in controversy over its deprivation of Olympic tickets. China has a weak base, with only about 3,000 ice hockey players out of a population of 1.4 billion. Immediately after the 2015 Olympics were confirmed to be held, China founded the Beijing-based team Kunlun Red Star , incorporated it into the KHL, the world's second-largest league, and began recruiting Chinese-North American players to form a national team, but China has not yet finalized its player list. In preparation for the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, although the performance was as expected after losing all four games and the lowest ranking among participating countries at the time was 23rd, the Korean men's ice hockey team scored one point first against the Czech Republic, ranked 6th in the world, and suffered a disappointing 1:2 comeback defeat. They also lost the final match against Finland 2:3 in a close match. Even though they lost all 4 games, they worked very hard and received favorable reviews for the game itself. In contrast, China is in no mood for that.

Because China does not allow dual citizenship, there were setbacks in recruiting naturalized players, and training was not possible due to the coronavirus outbreak. To make matters worse, in the Olympic draw, the ice hockey world's strongest teams in the world, Canada, the United States, and Germany, are in Group A, so the reaction in China is not to expect to win, but to give up, saying that even if they do not lose by more than 30 points, it is a miracle. There are already predictions that ice hockey will not be broadcast on TV or even reported in China. The NHL, which was eager to create an ice hockey boom in China by working hard to promote this Olympics to the extent that NHL legend Wayne Gretzky stepped forward as a public relations ambassador for the Kunlun Red Star, is unable to say anything and can only do nothing. However, ahead of the 2021-22 season, Kunlun Red Star recruited a large number of Chinese North American players and naturalized them and several foreign players in China . Many of the coaching staff also served as national team coaches, effectively forming the national team as a club team. Likewise, on the women's national team, all 23 players are from KRS Shenzhen, the women's team under Kunlun Red Star, and 13 of them are Chinese North American players or naturalized players. Although the men's national team performed well, losing 3-2 to Germany in the group stage of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, Germany did not perform well enough to only rank 10th in the Olympics and did not score a single point against the United States or Canada. They faced Canada again in the ranking match, but they also lost 7:2, placing last and conceding the most goals, as expected. The results were the same as in Korea four years ago, but more goals were conceded. Unlike the men's team, the women's national team performed well, defeating Denmark and Japan, but was caught by Sweden in the last game of the group stage and failed to advance to the quarterfinals.

8.3. Ice hockey in South Korea

Unlike hockey, there are many differences, such as the fact that it is a game played on ice and the player must be physically strong, so ice hockey requires less skill than field hockey. The reason for this appears to be a lack of support for the sport of ice hockey. I can't even imagine sharing a stadium with the NBA like the NHL does. So in the end, it became the only ice skating event that did not win an Olympic medal. After Halla Group Chairman Chung Mong-won stepped down after completing his term as president of the Korea Ice Hockey Association, the position of president of the association remained vacant for a while. SK's Choi Cheol-won , former managing director of SK Global, was elected, but the Korea Sports Council refused to approve the election due to the assault incident that once caused social controversy . However, through re-election, Lee Ho-jin, CEO of YJ Housing, was elected and took office on April 12, 2022. During this gap, Daemyung Killer Whales was unable to find a buyer and was disbanded.

8.3.1. men's

The beginning of Korean ice hockey occurred in 1928 when the Japanese Tokyo Imperial University ice hockey team held a demonstration game in Seoul. It is said that in 1930, the Joseon Ice Hockey Federation was created and several teams formed and played games. Ice hockey clubs were established in several schools, including Jungdong Middle and High School and Kyungshin Middle and High School. In the 1990s, Seoktap Construction founded an industrial ice hockey team, and at one point the number of industrial teams increased to four. A pilot league was held in 1994, and the Korean Ice Hockey League was operated in 1995 . Afterwards, the teams went bankrupt one by one due to the IMF , leading to a major crisis. There was a time when the only business team was Halla Winia. Since 2005, it has been reduced to a mini-league, like a basketball festival, in which most university teams, excluding teams participating in the Asian League, participate. There aren't even many college teams to begin with. There are four teams with ice hockey teams: Yonsei University , Korea University , Kyunghee University , and Kwangwoon University , all located in the metropolitan area.[97] In the end, in order to overcome this crisis , the Asian League Ice Hockey was created by joining forces with ice hockey teams from Japan and China, which were also in bad situations, and has continued its legacy. In the Asian League, Anyang Halla Ice Hockey Team continued its legacy, and in 2005, the High1 Ice Hockey Team was founded and participated in the Asian League, and these two teams have been responsible for Korean ice hockey. Still, despite the difficult situation, they continued to perform well, and in the 2009-10 regular season, Anyang Halla took first place for the first time, beating the Japanese team, and High1 took fourth place, and both teams advanced to the postseason.

And in the 2009-10 season, Anyang Halla won the ALH playoffs, achieving a combined championship for the first time. And in the 2010-11 season, Anyang Halla advanced to the playoffs and was scheduled to compete for the championship with Japan's Tohoku Free Blaze, but the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred right before the game, so the playoff championship game was canceled and the two teams were decided as joint champions, allowing Anyang Halla to win the championship for two consecutive years. Anyang Halla also advanced to the playoffs in the 2011-12 and 2012-13 seasons, but Japanese teams won the championship. Starting from the 2013-14 season, the Armed Forces Athletic Corps was sponsored by Daemyung Group and participated in the league under the name of Daemyung Sangmu. As a result, there were three Korean teams participating in the Asian League, and players also had the opportunity to resolve military service issues without interrupting their careers. In the 2013-14 season, Daemyung Sangmu caused a sensation, ranking second in the regular season in his first season, and Anyang Halla also advanced to the playoffs. However, this time, the Japanese team won the championship.

It was only in the 2010s that the team broke its long silence and first participated in national team games. Recently, there are often opportunities to be promoted to the highest division at the World Championships. This is because in the Division 1B group of the 2012 World Ice Hockey Championships held in Poland, Korea defeated the home team Poland 3:2 and won the championship by winning all 5 games. As a result, Korea played in the Division 1A group in the 2013 tournament. If they place in the top two, they can expect to be promoted to the top division for the first time since 2002.

By hosting the Division 1A competition in 2014, it was expected to be a good opportunity to raise the rankings while remaining in Division 1A, taking advantage of the home rink, and to arouse interest in ice hockey, an unpopular sport. However, as the Sewol ferry disaster occurred right before the event, it became an atmosphere to refrain from raucous publicity. Still, when there is a game of the Korean team, the spectator seats are filled to some extent, so it can be said that it attracted attention in its own way. The atmosphere subsided as they lost 4:7 to Hungary, who won last year's match, and then lost consecutively to Slovenia and Austria, a team that participated in the Sochi Winter Olympics and came down from last year's championship, and then lost 2:4 in the Korea- Japan match , and the relegation was confirmed. . Even in the last game against Ukraine, it was 2:8.

Although he stayed at the bottom of Division 1A at the 2014 World Championships, this was also a far superior result compared to the past, so he said that it might not be an impossible story to secure the right to participate in the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics as his skills have been improving little by little recently. Having been relegated from Division 1A, difficulties in securing Olympic qualification are expected again. The International Ice Hockey Federation promised to give South Korea a ticket to the finals of the PyeongChang Olympics by reviving the automatic Olympic berth as a special case if it is ranked within the 18th place in the world by 2016. Accordingly, efforts were made to raise the ranking, and as a result of the 2014 Winter Olympics and World Championship Division 1A results reflected, Korea's ranking rose to 23rd, the highest ever, but was demoted from Division 1A, so it was ranked 18th in the world by 2016. Getting in has become a difficult task in reality.

Starting with the 2010 Winter Olympics, the provision for automatic advancement to the host country for ice hockey has been deleted . In this situation, it is almost impossible for Korea to secure a spot through the preliminaries based on its ice hockey skills . However, it is said that such a scenario is difficult to accept as there has never been a case where the host country was unable to participate in the ice hockey sport, which is the 'flower of the Winter Olympics' and attracts the most attention, and the International Ice Hockey Federation and other countries are also aware of the problem in this regard. However, even if he participates, there is a risk of being completely disgraced due to the extreme difference in power, so another problem awaits him. So, recently, efforts have been made to rapidly improve the team's skills by recruiting foreign players and allowing Korean players to enter foreign leagues.

There were several Korean players in the NHL, the world's best hockey league. Of course, they were Koreans who were not pure Korean nationals. Baek Ji- seon, who made a name for himself in the early 1990s, was a 1.5-generation Korean-Canadian player and a defender for the Pittsburgh Penguins, the strongest team at the time. He played with legendary players such as Mario Lemieux and Jaromir Jagr , and even won two Stanley Cups. Baek Ji-seon was also a Stanley Cup champion representing Canada. In addition, Park Yong -soo scored 103 goals in his NHL career, and including assists, his attack points were close to 250, and he was a decent third line forward who once played for the U.S. national team. This player is also a 1.5 generation Korean-American who was born in Korea and immigrated to the United States at a young age . He started playing ice hockey in the United States and became successful, playing in the Swiss league in the 2013-14 season. Also, Jacob Bryson, who is not a Korean but is the only player currently active in the NHL with Korean blood mixed in, is also performing well.

Eventually, in August 2014, the Ice Hockey Association, which was struggling to improve the national team's skills ahead of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, recruited coach Baek Ji-sun, who is active as the head coach of the American Hockey League Grand Rapids Griffins, a lower league of the NHL . Park Yong-soo, who was playing in the Swiss league, was recruited as a coach.

On September 17, 2014, the International Ice Hockey Federation decided to send the Korean men's and women's ice hockey teams directly to the finals as the host country for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. Although they were relegated from Division 1A, they showed a quick response after the relegation, and in recognition of Chairman Chung Mong-won's active support and Korea's efforts, they were given the right to participate in the Winter Olympics. Pyeongchang may be my first and last appearance. It is expected that it will be difficult to advance through the preliminaries in the next competition.[98]

In the World Championship Division 1B held in the Netherlands in April 2015, he won first place with 4 wins and 1 loss, and returned to Division 1A in 2016.

In April 2016, they lost 3:2 to Austria in the World Championship Division 1A shootout, but achieved the feat of defeating their next opponent, Poland, 4:1 thanks to Swift's hat trick. And in the next game, the fateful match between Korea and Japan, they shut out Japan 3:0 for the first time in 34 years, achieving their first win in an ‘official tournament’ between Korea and Japan! Including the friendly match, this is their second win, including the second match of the 2012 Korea-Japan regular season.[99]

In Division 1A of the World Championships held in Ukraine in April 2017, they recorded their best ever record of 3 wins, 1 straight win, and 1 loss, ranking second after Austria, and advancing to the top division for the first time in history. In the 2018 Ice Hockey World Championship Top Division held in Denmark in 2018, South Korea was placed in Group B, but was relegated to Division 1A with 7 losses out of 7.

In the 2019 Ice Hockey World Championships Division 1A held in Nur-Sultan, the capital of Kazakhstan in April 2019, unfortunately, they failed to promote to the top division with 3 wins and 2 losses. In the 2022 World Championship Division 1A, he remained in Division 1A, finishing 4th with 1 win and 3 losses.

In the 2020s, Daemyung Killer Wales and High1 also sequentially disbanded, putting Korean ice hockey in crisis again, just as it was during the IMF period. This is probably due to the national interest and support for winter sports since the end of the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics and the direct impact of COVID-19. However, HL Anyang , the only remaining professional team, showed its potential by winning both the regular league and playoffs of the 2022-23 Asian League Ice Hockey season . Even after that, HL was on a roll, and on December 13, 2024, the KW Udire Ice Hockey Team was founded, making it the first industrial ice hockey team based in Korea to be founded eight years after the famous Killer Wales. The goal is to participate in the Asia League in the future.

8.3.2. women's

The reality in Korea is that in ice hockey, where the men's team's base is weak, the women's base is even weaker. They first debuted on the international stage in 1999 as the host country of the 1999 Gangwon Winter Asian Games, losing by a large margin in all matches. At the 2003 Aomori Winter Asian Games , the team lost 30:1 to China, showing an overwhelming gap in skill level with other countries. I haven't even dreamed of a domestic women's ice hockey league, and I have to work on the national team while also working at other jobs. Although the base is extremely weak, with amateur players playing the main role, they gradually improved their skills and achieved the feat of winning the Division 2B group at the 2013 World Championships. Accordingly, in 2014, for the first time in women's ice hockey history, games were played in the Division 2A group, the fourth division of the World Championships. Afterwards, they won Division 2A at the 2017 World Championships and were promoted to Division 1B, and have remained in Division 1B as of 2022.

In the case of China, it ranked among the top in the world in the late 1990s and early to mid 2000s. Afterwards, it slowed down, but with the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics as an opportunity, its skills grew rapidly by recruiting Chinese North American players and naturalized players, and at the 2022 World Championships, it won Division 1B and succeeded in being promoted to Division 1A. As Japan has shown strong performance in the 2010s, winning the Division 1A group in 2013 and even qualifying for the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics, it can be seen that Asian countries can also rise to the world level with their own efforts. Like the men's ice hockey team, it has been confirmed that it will advance to the finals of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics . However, although the women's ice hockey team's participation in the PyeongChang Winter Olympics was guaranteed by the host country, it was possible because of the sweat and effort put in by the players. However, there is a possibility that the women's ice hockey team players will be disadvantaged due to the players' plan to form a unified team between North and South Korea. Even if all South Korean players participate due to the addition of North Korean players, it is inevitable that their time on the ice will decrease. For this reason, many people[100] There are significant concerns expressed, and as noted in the comment above, some argue that a unified North and South Korean team at the Pyeongchang Olympics is unreasonable.

In this process, it was revealed how ignorant high-ranking officials in Korea are about the sport of ice hockey. An official from the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism said, 'Due to the nature of ice hockey, players are replaced every 1 to 2 minutes, so I don't think there will be any damage to South Korean players. ' was a careless remark. Ice hockey is a sport that consumes a lot of physical strength, so players are actively replaced, and making good use of the timing of replacements is a top priority for strong teams. Both coaches and players invest a lot of time into this replacement lineup and timing. I just took a quick look and thought, ‘Wow, unlike baseball or soccer, there are a lot of player substitutions? Since the players are going back and forth, there will be no problem with North Korean players joining in, so they are certifying that they don't know anything about hockey. I can't help but wonder if this is the attitude of those preparing for the Winter Olympics.[101] For more information, refer to the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics/South-North unified team controversy .

In August 2016, the film national team 2, which depicts the story of the women's hockey national team, which was picked up here and there, was released.

There is also an amateur women's ice hockey league in Korea . It's their only league with only a few teams and no sponsors. Amateur club players also appeared as stunt doubles for the actors in the movie National Team 2 above. He said he was promised the creation of a corporate team instead of a single team at the PyeongChang Olympics. On January 23, 2018, Suwon City officially announced the establishment of Korea's first women's ice hockey team.

The first domestic league was held in 2022. Six teams, including Suwon City Hall, participate, but most of the players, except for Suwon City Hall, which is an unemployed team, are made up of middle and high school students-oriented hobby players, so Suwon City Hall has an overwhelming appearance comparable to HL Anyang in the men's division in terms of skills and experience. The All-Star Game, which was held at the end of the tournament, was also played against Suwon City Hall and the All-Star team selected from the remaining 5 teams.

The Women's Division 1B Ice Hockey Championship was held in Suwon from April 17 to 23, 2023, with the Korean women's national team competing against Slovenia, England, Italy, Kazakhstan, and Poland. In this tournament, Korea took advantage of its home advantage and won 5 out of 5 games (1 straight win), winning the championship and being promoted to Division 1A.

8.3.3. club sports

As inline skating became extremely popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s, inline hockey teams, a related sport, were created. Space for hockey was created on inline rinks with urethane tracks built by local governments, and amateur leagues with about 10 teams participating and even semi-professional teams were created. However, those teams lasted only for a short time. Due to the recession and the rapid cooling of inline hockey, inline hockey became an almost forgotten sport by the late 2000s. As of 2010, some inline hockey teams still exist, but there are no large-scale leagues like in their heyday, and the sport continues through competitions hosted by the Sports Inline Hockey Association and youth inline hockey leagues. The alternative at this time was real ice hockey played on ice. Of course, quite a long time ago, in 2001, there was a club league for ice hockey enthusiasts centered on office workers, but whether it was in-line or started directly with ice hockey, the number of rinks increased in various areas of new cities such as Goyang and Seongnam, and ice hockey became popular again as a new sport for the middle class in new cities to make a living and as a cultural sport for children. Since there are many teams but few places to ride, many ice rinks are open to recreational teams from 1 to 2 a.m. before and after the general public opening time.

Because the equipment is heavy and expensive, and rental fees are regularly incurred, it is still a sport enjoyed by office workers, self-employed people, and professionals with some economic power. Ice hockey classes taught in English by instructors from the U.S. and Canada for children and young children are also gaining popularity due to the advantage of being able to learn English and exercise. In the Korea Amateur Ice Hockey Association, a domestic club league, the Gyeongin region is divided into the Northern League and the Southern League, and each league is divided into Eastern and Western divisions, with 4 to 5 teams in each division and a total of 19 teams playing in the regular league, interleague, and final league. Although it seems plausible in terms of the number of teams and the duration of the league over four months, it is very difficult to imagine the ice hockey club league in Canada or the soccer club league in England and South America. There are no spectators, only the players' families.

However, in the past, elementary, middle, and high school teams did not total ten fingers, but as of 2024, more than 200 elementary, middle, and high school ice hockey club teams are active across the country, and it is not uncommon to see students studying abroad in Canada, the home of ice hockey, to learn ice hockey. There used to be no video for ice hockey instruction, but now there are many professional YouTubers providing instructional lectures and game commentary tailored to each position on YouTube. Since each student is the source of income for hundreds of club teams, there is no way club team coaches would like to transfer to another team. However, student athletes and their parents understand that sports are an extension of their education, so any coach who does not fit their educational philosophy should naturally want to transfer and be able to do so. However, there are also cases where merchant-like coaches quit due to dissatisfaction with coaches who have not yet tested their character and pick on students who have transferred or students who are likely to transfer. (If anyone wants to get into ice hockey, be sure to look at his personality as a leader.)

Additionally, club team managers invite 5-6 club teams to host regional league competitions. (Parents pay training fees and ice rink rental fees to the club manager, and additionally pay a competition participation fee of up to 1 million won or more for each competition.) Because it is impossible to play ice hockey at all without an all-weather ice hockey rink, some have to search for a rink 1 to 3 hours away. (Compared to the round-trip driving distance, the training time is about 1 to 2 hours, so parents of student athletes are exhausted mentally, physically, and financially rather than studying. However, if they fall in love with the fast-tempo ice hockey game because it is the sport their children want, they are willing to endure it.) Ice hockey is a game that allows body checking, and physical strength is important, so it is unlikely that they will stand out in international competitions physically. Even if one outstanding talent like Kim Yu-na or Pak Se-ri emerges, the entire team will not become stronger, so there is no reason for their popularity to increase rapidly. It just happens that players advance to overseas leagues. As an example of this, Shin Sang-hoon advanced to the ECHL, but did not make a big splash and ended up focusing only on the Korean league without playing for a few years.

9. relay status

In Korea, MBC SPORTS+ and SBS ESPN broadcast the NHL for a while, but currently, netizens are voluntarily broadcasting on Afreeca TV or Daum Pot . In addition, in 2014, it was broadcast on the IPTV channel IB SPORTS, and since 2015, STN has been broadcasting the Anyang Halla team's home games of the Asian League ice hockey team. In 2016, the NHL was broadcast on MBC SPORTS+ 2. And in the case of IIHF, it is broadcast on JTBC GOLF&SPORTS. In the case of Asian League ice hockey, only Anyang Halla 's domestic games are broadcast on STN and Naver Sports. Daemyung Killer Wales ' home games will also be broadcast on ON THE SPORTS. However, High1 does not broadcast home games. As for other overseas teams, Sakhalin is broadcast on the official YouTube channel.

In the United States and Canada, all games are broadcast on national/regional cable channels, and you can watch all games through the regular season and playoffs on NHL.com through a paid streaming service called NHL GameCenter, similar to Major League Baseball's mlb.tv. However, about 5 minutes are provided free of charge. Meanwhile, the Toronto Maple Leafs is broadcasting all of Toronto's games live on its own cable channel, LEAFS TV, the Colorado Avalanche is broadcasting all of its games live on Altitude Network, and the Boston Bruins are also broadcasting all of their games live on NESN. Teams within New York City, such as the New York Rangers and Islanders, and teams from metropolitan areas, such as the Buffalo Sabers and New Jersey Devils, are broadcast on MSG Network. There is a special ice hockey broadcast called Behind the Net in the general section of Naver Sports Radio . This is a recommended broadcast if you want to get information about the NHL, Asian League, etc. Coupang Play began broadcasting Western Conference games from the second round of the 2022 Stanley Cup Playoffs without any promotion .[102]

10. media

Since it is a professional sport competing for second or third place in popularity in North America, there are countless works related to it. Needless to say, in Canada , people jump out of their sleep when they hear ice hockey . However, contrary to North America, it is a fairly minor sport in the East, so it is difficult to find media such as ice hockey comics in Korea and Japan. There are surprisingly few ice hockey games.
  • King of High School Life : A TVN drama in which Seo In-guk's character, Lee Min-seok, appears as a high school hockey team player.
  • National Team 2 : Filmed in 2015-2016 and released on August 10, 2016, it is Korea's first ice hockey feature film.[103] Soo Ae , Oh Yeon-seo , Kim Seul-gi , Kim Ye-won , etc. appear.
  • Good Cop, Bad Cop: A Canadian film about the pursuit of a criminal who committed murder as a protest against the relocation of Canadian teams to the U.S. after the Nordic de Quebec moved to Denver and became the Colorado Avalanche . Part 2 also came out, and although it has little hockey content, there is a scene where one of the main characters steals the mask of Canadien de Montréal 's starting goalkeeper Kerry Price and shows it off. Both episodes are registered on Netflix .
  • Magpie's Blue Apple: 3 volumes completed in 1990 as a comic by Lee Hyeon-se .
  • Little Penguin Pingu : There is an episode about ice hockey.
  • Dogthread : An ice hockey manga that has been serialized since 2023 by Satoru Noda , famous for Golden Kamuy . It is a remake of the author's first feature-length debut, <Spina Marada!>.
  • My Sunshine : The main character, Takuya, appears as an ice hockey player.
  • The Mighty Ducks Series: Disney's film, animation, and drama series. It is also a representative work of over 20 years in which Charlie Sheen 's older brother, Ailio Estevez, has played the main character in everything from movies to dramas. Up to three movies were produced. The NHL team, the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim , is a hockey team that was briefly operated by Disney in connection with the movie series, and won the championship as soon as Disney sold it and the team's name was changed to the Anaheim Ducks.[104]
  • The Ice Hockey Club Is Coming Out!: A manga published by Kumeta Koji as his debut work in 1991 and serialized for five years. Although it became a comedy comic far removed from ice hockey towards the end, it was completed with a total of 23 volumes and became the most successful example of ice hockey-themed comics.
  • Untold Stories Series - Crime, Punishment, and Hockey: This is a Netflix original documentary that looks back on sports incidents and accidents of the past. USA Set in Danbury, Connecticut, it tells the lie-like true story that a high-ranking mafia member operating in secret gave a professional hockey team to his 17-year-old son, who gave up his dream of becoming a hockey player due to an injury.[105] The team in question was called the Danbury Thrashers, which lasted from 2004 to 2006, and because it operated during the NHL strike, it even recruited a Stanley Cup winner with mafia money and advanced to the championship game. For further details, refer to Matthew Ianiello's section on the Genovese family and key figures in the New York mafia .
  • Civilization 6 : Appears as a unique facility in Canadian civilization. Although only one can be built per city, it provides a generous amount of culture, tourism, food, production, comfort, and attractiveness. If all conditions for providing bonuses are satisfied, the output provided by a single tile is enough to take first place among all facilities in this work. However, it has difficult location conditions such that it can only be built on tundra or snowfield tiles, and the conditions for providing bonuses include tundra or snowfields, so there are not many cases in which many bonuses can be provided. Another disadvantage is that the unlocking time is somewhat late, and once unlocked, not all bonuses are provided and the skill requires further research.
  • Miracle
  • mystery alaska
  • Red Legion: The Soviet national team documentary is available for rent on YouTube and Naver. A heavy price for the miracle of Lake Placid . Athletes whose human rights are trampled upon. There are many interesting stories, such as Soviet players advancing to the NHL, the Detroit Red Wings winning the Russian Five, and Soviet players' complicated views on Aleksandr Ovechkin .[106] .
  • Billib : The third short film, Bingsin, deals with the story of an ice hockey player.
  • Sudden Death: Jean-Claude Van Damme stars. It is not a hockey sports movie, but an action movie set during a Pittsburgh Penguins hockey game.
  • Snoopy Series: Since the work is set in Minnesota, the hockey state of the United States, it is a sport that appears as often as baseball .
  • Spinamarada: This is the first long-running serial work by Satoru Noda, who serialized Golden Kamuy , and was completed in 6 volumes. Many of the other works were completed in 6 volumes or less.
  • Slapshot : It is often ranked first among ice hockey movies, and this movie is also considered a classic masterpiece. Part 1 can be easily obtained and viewed in Korea. Parts 2 and 3, which were released as video movies a while later, received mediocre reviews and were difficult to watch.
  • The Simpsons : This is also a sport that Lisa Simpson is extremely good at. The position is goalie. Lisa is so fit that she gets an F in physical education, but she excels at ice hockey and rhythmic gymnastics. Episode 8 of Season 6, ‘Bart vs. Lisa’, is a related episode. The Simpsons rarely has hockey episodes, but this one was produced during its heyday, so the quality is good. Additionally, a hockey game briefly appears in the first half of Episode 5 of Season 14.
  • Fighters of the Ice Rink: Netflix made a documentary about the disappearing enforcers. Jay Barrachall, a famous hockey fan, appeared.
  • Icing : A drama that aired on MBC in Korea from July to August 1996, depicting the minor aspects of ice hockey in Korea.[107] Because of this, it was not a big hit and was buried, but Icing's production, which showcased a variety of genres and backgrounds, is still something to praise. Starring Dong-gun Jang , Seung-yeon Lee , Jong-won Lee , and Hye-jin Jeon .
  • Passionate Series - Go Go! Passionate Hockey Club Slip, Roll, and Super Smash Bros.: Of course, as is the case with the Passionate Series, violence and comedy are added, so it is bloodier when compared to actual ice hockey.
  • One Punch Series: There are One Punch and One Punch 2, featuring Doug, an enforcer with limited hockey skills but an incredible one punch. Although it is a comedy movie with frequent sex drips, there are also many scenes that deal with hockey very seriously, and Doug's choice for his team and his wife at the end of Part 2 is even touching. Part 1 is registered on Watcha Play and part 2 is registered on Netflix. Surprisingly, the Doug that appears here is a real person, a player named Doug Smith, nicknamed The Hammer. Although he was a player who only played in the hockey minor league for 10 years, his fighting skills were incredible. He is said to be currently living as a police officer.
  • Miracle on Silver Plate: A film adaptation of the U.S. national hockey team's Miracle of Lake Placid .
  • Inside Out , Inside Out 2 : American Pixar's 2015 animation. Ice hockey appears as one of the important subjects. Because the main character's family moved from Minnesota, where ice hockey is popular, to San Francisco, California, where ice hockey is relatively hot, there are flashbacks to the family playing ice hockey together when the lake in the backyard freezes.
  • Check Please: There is a webcomic being serialized on Tumblr . It tells the story of a men's hockey team at a fictional university. It is quite popular on Tumblr.
  • King of Fighters : This is a sport that Kyo Kusanagi is good at according to his profile.
  • Puck: A two-part drama starring Lee Kwang- soo that aired on SBS on January 1, 2016 .
  • Praore! PRIDE OF ORANGE : This is a Japanese ice hockey-related media mix project.
    • Animation : As an official animation of the Japan Ice Hockey Federation, it aired from October to December 2021. The setting is Nikko, which is also the home of the HC Tochigi Nikko Ice Bucks . Among Japanese voice actors, Kaori Shimizu is known to be an ice hockey fan.
  • Happy Gilmore: There is a movie about a bad hockey player who turns into a golfer, played by Adam Sandler, but it doesn't talk much about hockey and is just a golf movie.
  • NHL Series : EA's game is gaining overwhelming popularity worldwide, but it is not well recognized in Korean, showing a miserable level of recognition in Korea.
  • HOT: This is a short comic about ice hockey drawn by Akira Amano , famous as the author of the Japanese manga tutor Hitman Reborn .
  • Heated Rivalry : A queer romance novel of the same name published by Canadian author Rachel Reid in 2019, and a Canadian drama adapted into live-action in 2025. It is described in more detail in the article, but in fact, it is the highest-grossing drama of 2025.
  • Off-Campus: Like Heated Rivalry, a novel series published by Canadian author Elle Kennedy depicting the love stories of male and female hockey players from different universities. Off Campus, a drama of the same name based on The Deal, the first and most popular novel in the series, is airing on Prime Video in May 2026.

11. digression

  • Because of Justin Bieber, a singer from Canada who has many anti-Americans, there is a joke between the U.S. and Canada that it is a national team match that must be won.
  • It is also Yonsei University 's most popular sport in the Yoonko Tournament . Strangely, every year, Yonsei University players on the ice hockey team are considerably stronger than Korea University players.[108] Many students even say that no matter how bad they are at ice hockey this year, they will still get a draw. However, in the 2020s, the situation has suddenly turned around as Korea University is on a winning streak.
  • Hockey players' butts are really big. Among North American hockey fans and players, there is an expression referring to the buttocks trained for hockey, called “hockey butt.” Because of this, players say it is difficult to fit into a suit. Strictly speaking, the majority of athletes in most skating sports, except for figure skating , where they must maintain a low body weight, have large buttocks.[109] Ice hockey stands out even more because it requires the heaviest equipment among skating sports.
  • The way players clap on the ice is very unique. The gloves are thick and they are holding a stick, so they clap by gently hitting the stick on the floor. When fighting before the start of a game, the players clap their hands together and do not raise or lower them at the same time, but rather clap with sticks. At this time, they clap with both hands, so the sound is more intense than in other sports. Also, when the team on power play has the right to attack and time runs out, the goalkeeper on the rink sends a signal to indicate that time is running out.
  • It is a sport where physical fighting is intense, and although hard weapons such as sticks and pucks are scattered everywhere, the players often have missing teeth or bruises on their faces because the helmets have holes in the bottom of the face without any special protective equipment. From the athletes' perspective, it is considered an honor if a tooth falls out during a major event such as the Olympics or World Championships, and it is considered unlucky if it falls out during training. Most of the front teeth that were hit by the stick are missing. So, I don't get implants because they're going to fall out again anyway, and even if I do, I tend to do them only after I retire.[110] In Canada, a person with a missing front tooth is someone who plays ice hockey and is proud of it. Even if you pass by on the street and see someone with a missing front tooth, they praise you with applause or a thumbs up.[111] Of course, it is mandatory for professional players to wear only a helmet without a visor or cage, and for juniors and female players, it is mandatory to attach a wire mesh or polycarbonate transparent visor to the helmet to protect the face, so it can only be seen in adult male players.
  • In the case of national competitions organized by the IIHF, there is a unique rule: only the national anthem of the winning team is sung. In the case of warm-up games, both teams' national anthems are sung before the game begins or are omitted altogether, but in the World Ice Hockey Championships hosted by the IIHF , the Asian Games, or friendly competitions in the form of league matches, only the national anthem of the winning country is sung at the end of the game.[112]
  • Some of the NHL's stadiums are often used as multi-purpose gymnasiums in addition to basketball . This is a method of putting a coat on the rink. Of course, if there is no basketball team in the same hometown, I tend to stick with ice hockey.[113] The design is generally designed to allow a court to be laid on the rink and is also designed to accommodate concerts. The disadvantage of doing this is that the ice quality is not as good as that of an ice hockey stadium, and in basketball, if the internal temperature is not properly adjusted depending on the weather conditions, the ice may melt and water leak onto the court, making it impossible to play. In recent years, there are stadiums that are used not only for the NBA and college basketball, but also for the NLL , a lacrosse league .
  • When a goal is scored, lights, smoke, and flames are emitted as effects, and the bone horn is sounded with sounds such as trumpets, boat horns, car clocks, and train whistles, and a bone song is played in the middle or following the bone horn. In domestic league matches, only the home team is played, and in international matches, both teams are played. Quite a few teams have different tones, lengths, and frequency. The song also represents the hometown, plays a popular genre, or plays a song sung by a singer born in the hometown, or a song dedicated to the club.[114] There is even a YouTube channel that specializes in uploading only bone souls.
  • It is a sport that Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko really likes, and he plays it twice a week. Likewise, Russian President Vladimir Putin also likes it so much that he created his own league, participated in it, and was the top scorer on several occasions. However, since Putin's title is President, there is a joke that he uses his title to tyrannize , just like in soccer. However, it is also true that in reality, he overwhelms the opposing players with his title, such as not being able to check against Putin.
  • In games that determine the championship, such as the Stanley Cup Playoffs or the Olympic Finals, the rink becomes as messy as in baseball when the ceremony is held to celebrate victory. In baseball, the players gather together by throwing their hats and gloves on the ground, but in ice hockey, the players gather together and throw their sticks, gloves, and helmets in a similar ceremony, and in addition, the goal post moves away from its original position. At the moment of the victory ceremony, equipment is scattered around.
  • As with other events, there is a warm-up time, and the warm-up starts 40 minutes before the start of the game, and the warm-up ends 20 minutes before the start of the game, and then the ice is corrected before the game.
  • Originally, helmets were not worn in the early days of ice hockey, but on January 13, 1968, Bill Masterton, a center for the Minnesota North Stars , fell headfirst down the field and hit his head during a fight against the California Golden Shields (disbanded in 1978). After a fatal incident occurred on January 15, 30 hours after receiving a severe shock, players gradually began to use it voluntarily. Beginning in the 1979-80 season, all players on the field Wearing a helmet was made mandatory.[115] As an aside, Masterton's last words before losing consciousness were "Never again, never again..."

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[1] Some of the NHL 's ice rinks double as the NBA 's basketball courts and the NLL 's lacrosse indoor stadiums. In Korea, it is combined with other ice sports such as figure skating and short track speed skating .[2] See the Annals of the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) .[3] Since hockey skates are worn on slippery ice and players move at high speeds, there is a high possibility of collision if there is physical contact, so players wear various protective gear like in American football, and physical contact is relatively intense. Severe collisions, using hands or sticks, or checking a player who does not have the puck are considered fouls.[4] Pucks can fly into the eyes, players can run and cause major collisions, so other equipment is heavier and sturdier than other positions.[5] first winter olympics[6] First Winter Asian Games[7] In the past, it was called Binggu, but now it has become almost a dead language to the extent that it is called Binggu only during the regular competition between Korea University and Yonsei University . This is because it was intended to be a two-letter word along with soccer , baseball , basketball , and rugby for this regular game .[8] Dan marathon, unlike the awards ceremony at the summer closing ceremony, is held in the field. In the winter, the cross -country ski man is 50km and the woman 30km is held at the lung destination.[9] Source ## .[10] It is called the flower of the Winter Olympics .[11] This is a rule similar to a penalty shootout in soccer, where three players from each team compete one-on-one with the goalkeeper and take turns trying to score a goal to determine the final winner. However, the difference from soccer's penalty shootout is that in soccer, two teams engage in a penalty shootout at the same goal, but in ice hockey, the rink is small and it takes a short time for the referee to move to the other side, so the two goalkeepers just continue to stand at their own goal, and the attackers take turns attacking each other's goal. Meanwhile, unlike the NHL regular season, there is another difference in the International Ice Hockey Federation competition. If the score is tied after a 3:3 shootout, the order of the shootout is changed so that the team that goes first becomes the team that goes second, and anyone can attack after 3:3. In other words, other players can appear, such as 1-2-3-4-5-6-7, or only players who have already appeared, such as 1-2-3-1-1-1-1, can appear. Usually, unless it is 0:0, the player who scored in the previous shootout often comes out again. However, in the case of the NHL, similar to a penalty shootout in soccer, every player except the injured must take part once. The difference from a penalty shootout in soccer is that the goalkeeper also kicks in a penalty shootout, but the goalkeeper does not participate in a shootout. Of course, it rarely goes this far, but if the 18th runner does not win, the 19th attempt goes back to the 1st runner.[12] In soccer, a goalkeeper with no equipment other than gloves is standing in a wide goalpost, and the kicker kicks the ball placed near the goalpost almost immediately, and the goalie cannot come forward in advance, so the kicker has an absolute advantage during a penalty shootout. However, in ice hockey, a heavy goalie is wearing equipment and standing in a small goal area, and the shooter drives the puck from the center line and shoots, and after the attacker touches the puck on the center line, the goalie has an absolute advantage. Because they are allowed to move at will, they come forward while coming and have enough time to reduce the shooter's shooting angle, so the goaltender has an advantage over the shooter during a shootout . If a shot is taken here, no rebound is allowed, and if it crosses the back line, it is a miss, giving the goalie an advantage. Of course, in rare cases, a puck that is blocked with the body may flow and enter the goal. Capturing it completely or crossing the backline is considered a failure, but in the former case it is a success. Unless it is the latter situation, I tend to safely remove it or catch it and give it to the referee. So, when all three players from both teams are finished, sometimes the score is 0:0, and sometimes the game is decided at 1:0.[13] Meanwhile, in ice hockey, league matches, whether in the NHL or IIHF, basically use a differential points system. In other words, if you lose during regular time, you will not receive any points, but if the score is tied at the end of regular time, both teams will be awarded 1 point, and the team that won the golden goal or shootout in overtime will be awarded 1 additional point. However, in the NHL, the winning team is awarded 2 points whether it wins in regular time or overtime, whereas in the IIHF, 3 points are awarded for a win in regular time and 2 points for a win after overtime. The differential points system currently operated by the Korean Professional Volleyball V-League is adapted from the method originally used in ice hockey (IIHF).[14] It is also sometimes used during a game when the defending opponent is caught in a foul and the side continues to attack with an advantage. This is because the game stops the moment the opposing team owns the puck, so there is little risk of conceding even if the goalie is emptied by the goalie.[15] In the NHL, there are 20 players, including 2 goalies, so there are a maximum of 3 defense pairs. In other leagues, there are 22 players, so 4 defense pairs can be used, but they also have a standby team on standby.[16] The decision protest referred to here can only be made in the line of asking why this is a foul or why the opposing team does not stop the same foul play committed by our team. Even ordinary players can do the former, but it would be foolish for even the captain to go beyond this and try to overturn the decision. Even the director cannot protest.[17] Among these, the center line circle is nicknamed the center circle, and like basketball, different logos are drawn for each team, stadium, and competition.[18] The reason for the circle is to prevent other players except the center who faces off from entering this area until the moment the puck drops. If another player infringes before puck drop, it is invalid and a face-off occurs again.[19] Between the backs of both goal posts[20] Between the bench and the main seats[21] If the pause is too long, additional warm-up may be done.[22] It is called a minor penalty. If time is added in multiples of 2 due to bleeding or serious protest, it may be upgraded to a double (4 minutes) or triple (6 minutes) minor. However, in some cases, it ends up as a single, and doubles or more rarely come out.[23] The official name is Major Penalty. Along with this, it is similar to a yellow card in soccer in which a warning is given.[24] Misconduct penalty.[25] Match misconduct and match penalty apply. It is awarded even if you commit the most dangerous foul or receive three major penalties in the IIHF.[26] It is not only the power play situation caused by the penalty that creates an imbalance in the number of players. Similar to the way goalkeepers go on the attack in final extra time in soccer, sometimes the goaltender is replaced by a field player, and the game is played 6-5 with an empty net. This empty net and penalty are combined, so if the penalized team has possession of the puck when a penalty is incurred, the penalty is delayed and play continues until the penalized team has possession of the puck, so the penalized team In , you can use this to get a numerical advantage with a 6:5 empty net strategy without the risk of a goal being scored by removing the goaltender and adding one more field player. Even if the goalpost is empty, the moment the penalizing team has possession of the puck, the referee blows the whistle to temporarily stop the game, award a penalty, and restart the game.[27] However, only one player returns per goal. If two or more people are ejected, the player who leaves first and has the least time remaining enters. Also, this is to terminate or alleviate a short-handed situation, so if both teams have foul players and the number of players is the same and a goal is scored, then the opposing team's players cannot enter.[28] However, it is not possible to check the Goli from the goal Christ. Regardless of intentional, checking the goal will lead to retaliation.[29] However, there is little reason to deliberately use your hands. This is because the puck moves very quickly and mainly moves on the floor. The player usually blocks the puck that flies in the air, drops it on the floor, and then either he or another player uses his or her hand to catch it with a stick. Of course, it is a violation to hold it for too long (approximately more than 1 second) or to grab something that has fallen on the floor.[30] In other words, up to two players who have passed the pass and the player who passed the player. For example, A drives the puck and gives B to B again, and B passes C, and C will help A and B. If A has a tip in the shooting of C, the goal is A, and the help is B and C.[31] If a skater checks the goalie directly, it is of course invalid, and if a skater checks the opposing skater and even hits the goalie, it is invalid. Of course, it is not a foul to check and disable the goalie when he is completely out of the goalie area.[32] minor only[33] For example, if you run for 3 minutes and 3 seconds, you can cut 1 minute 3 seconds and continue for 2 minutes[34] If two players, a major and a minor, are ejected, the player who received the major concedes a goal with 1 minute remaining, and the player who received the minor concedes a goal with 1 minute and 40 seconds remaining, then the player who received the minor is also brought in.[35] The reason why this is so difficult is that even, power play, and short handed shots still come up often, but with just these three, a hat trick is enough, and penalty shots don't come up often. In soccer, you can kick even if you are not the player who took the penalty kick, but in ice hockey, unless the player who took the penalty is injured, the player must hit. In addition, MT Net needs to win by a narrow margin of less than 2 points at the end of 3P to barely be able to make an attempt because the opponent will take out the goalie. If compared to other sports, it is very difficult for a team to achieve this record because it is comparable to a cycling home run in baseball or a quintuple double in basketball .[36] For this reason, in large leagues such as the NHL, which break every 5 minutes, Jeong-Ice agents also play a role in retrieving these hats.[37] Even in the Asian League, there have been spectators throwing their hats recently. However, since the number is not that large, referees or fellow players sometimes retrieve them.[38] If there is an imbalance in the number of players because one player was previously sent off, one more player is added in place of the players who were sent off.[39] At this time, both are isolated in the penalty box, but the remaining time is not announced on the electronic scoreboard. However, in reality, the count is made and these players can return when time runs out, but because substitution mistakes (exceeding the quota) can occur, most of them only return when the game is stopped even after the time has run out.[40] For example, if a goal is conceded with 3 minutes and 32 seconds left, it will be reduced to 2 minutes.[41] If you receive a penalty during an attack, it is applied immediately, so unless you are bleeding, it is rare to get a double or more minor penalty.[42] When this is combined, it can be upgraded to a triple minor or higher, but triple minor or higher is harder to see than a penalty shot. It is rare, and in fact, there are cases where majors are given where no deduction is possible after a run is conceded, or more than a misconduct is given.[43] Fighting is the most common two-way major in the NHL.[44] If a player who was ejected for a major penalty concedes a goal with 1 minute and 40 seconds remaining, the player who was ejected for a minor penalty will return.[45] This is a comparison to football, where red cards are sent off due to non-replacement.[46] However, in football, a penalty kick is regarded as a type of free kick, so when a goal is not scored, that player or another player can attack again with a bounced ball and score, but in hockey, all players except the shooter and goalie are sent to the bench. If you fail to score, that is the end and rebound shots are not recognized.[47] The condition for a penalty kick is established when a direct free kick foul is committed in the penalty area, so there is a clear area, but the condition for a penalty shot is that a single fast break is blocked by a foul, so it is a condition that even a foul that appears to be that way can not be awarded at the discretion of the referee.[48] It is similar to goaltending in basketball.[49] Bleeding minors are typical double minors.[50] Female players mainly wear helmets and protective masks, and goaltenders wear special masks. Male skaters don't use it often because they are treated as cowards or as people with facial injuries even if they look at them kindly.[51] It is a slashing foul if you hit the opponent's stick incorrectly and hit the opponent, or if you hit the stick too hard and break it.[52] Limited to general players. For goaltenders , roughing is limited to trappers, and hitting an opponent with the hand wearing a blocker is considered a match penalty . See the more serious fouls section for more details.[53] See "More Serious Fouls" for details on slewfooting and boarding.[54] It is a foul to hold the puck with your hands, but lowering a puck with your hands in the air is not a foul, but rather a recommended method of dealing with the puck in the air.[55] It means hitting the stick. It is legal play to strike or lift the blade of the stick and clear it. The foul of hitting the stick is often overlooked unless it is intentional and the stick is not severe enough to break or cause a person to fall.[56] Body checking techniques generally include a method of using the shoulder to pound the opponent, and a method of lowering the body and striking the opponent with the hips to knock the opponent down. Hip checking is the latter.[57] It deals a huge blow to the knee, and the opponent is very easy to get injured as it spins in the air and is thrown onto the ice.[58] This is to prevent trying to increase the speed as much as possible and increase the force.[59] In other words, when you push down from the air with all your might.[60] This also applies to throwing equipment onto ice. However, if the equipment is broken, you must throw it unless it is aimed at the opponent.[61] First of all, unless you are the captain, you cannot protest directly to the referee for anything, and captains can only protest when the referee has called them directly or they have been replaced and are not on break . Other players cannot protest, and coaches cannot protest either. However, like rugby, it is not so shallow that it cannot be done at all, and if a protest is made, the referee may allow it at the discretion of the referee in some cases if the player who was charged with a foul asks why it was a foul or shows what he did.[62] It is not a problem if it is taken off by the other person.[63] This is where it matters. Invasion unrelated to fighting is treated as an over-capacity foul.[64] A player who is not in possession of the puck must not check.[65] However, hands may be used when handling pucks in the air or blocking shots, so in this case, it is at the referee's discretion as to when to blow. In general, if you place it directly in front of you within 1 second, it will not blow. Of course, there is no point in picking something up from the ground. Of course, passing a pass to another player is a foul. Also, if you try to use your hands to remove something caught in the goal net, this is also a foul, but the referee will stop the game anyway, so there is no need to force yourself to remove it with your hands.[66] Hitting the net behind the goal post is not a penalty if it hits the player, goal post, or equipment and is judged to be a shot. Of course, if you use your hand to pass it, it's a penalty.[67] At this time, if the goalpost is intentionally moved within 2 minutes before the end of the game, or in overtime or breakaway situations, an additional penalty shot is imposed.[68] A goal may be challenged if it is believed that the goal was scored due to goaltender interference, high stick violation, or offside. Fail if the results do not change.[69] It is okay to put the mask on for a while and drink water.[70] For example, you can never pick up the opposing team's stick, and even if you are on the same team, if the stick of a player taller than 198cm has fallen, regular players should never pick it up. Goaltenders are also subject to a penalty if they are caught using something that is 1cm longer than the length or width of the leg pad.[71] Frankly, the official rulebook reads "Immediately fine the player in the amount of $xxx".[72] Of course, due to the nature of the substitution method, the substituted player tends to come in first, so it does not blow like a knife, but it blows when it is judged that the player who did not leave was involved in attack or defense.[73] It's called a bench penalty.[74] Because of this, it is not easy to see strong body checking compared to the men's women's team.[75] In the case of goaltenders, stop when they cover or catch the puck.[76] If an own goal is scored, the penalty box line is maintained.[77] This is not impossible, because in a delayed penalty situation, the team that is attacking after receiving a penalty has a lower chance of conceding a goal because the game is stopped anyway if the opposing team catches the puck, and this is used to subtract a goalie. These are the low-probability situations where a goal is conceded.[78] Of course, if you try to fight with equipment, the referee will immediately stop you and you will receive a severe punishment, at least a suspension.[79] The attitude of European hockey fans when an NHL-style fist fight breaks out is closer to "You don't have to fight first, but once you fight, make sure you win ." If you look at the video of the match between France and Canada at the 2026 Olympics, the French broadcasters are embarrassed and say that this should not be done at the Olympics, but in the comments, they are praising it as an exhilarating win, and even though they lost the game, they won the fight .[80] Looking at the atmosphere, it seems that the second fight started with some degree of coordination in advance, but the third fight really started as an accidental collision.[81] Risk of injury, criticism from the media, etc.[82] In ice hockey, hockey skates are also protective equipment, so the part worn is thicker than the skates worn in other skating sports. Moreover, just as the shape of the blade is different for each sport, hockey skates are thick and short.[83] In fact, there has been an accident where someone's throat was cut by the blade of a hockey skate . In 1989, Clint Malachuk , who was playing as a goaltender at the time , had his carotid artery in the neck cut by an opposing player's skate blade, and as much as 10% of his body's blood poured out in 14 seconds. However, he was able to survive thanks to medical staff from the Vietnam War medics who immediately administered first aid learned on the battlefield, and later underwent major surgery that required 300 stitches . Beware of hate . Afterwards, the rules were changed to require helmets with neck protectors to be used during games, but those who do not still wear them do not use them. Because of this, a player named Richard Zednik also suffered the same accident, but was lucky. On October 29, 2023, in England, American ice hockey player Adam Johnson died in an accident where his throat was cut during a game. #[84] The NHL implicitly does not cage. This is mainly to show the face. A player doing the cage means he or she is receiving treatment for a facial injury or dental treatment. If you use it even though it is not, you will be treated as a coward. Of course, in amateur competitions, face protection is always required. In Korea, full face guards are required in youth and junior games.[85] Lee Jong -won , who played the role of Kang Tae -ho in the MBC drama icing in 1996, played a skating day after pounding the opponent who checked him in a group fight with his opponent during the game. Since then, the player died, and of course it is permanently expelled.[86] This also appears in the famous American sitcom Friends , and Joey Tribbiani and Chandler Bing take Ross to the NHL stadium to comfort Ross Geller, who was just divorcing his first wife at the time, and watching the game, Ross gets hit by a puck.[87] Junior or low-end models are made entirely of plastic or low-density FRP. There is also a carbon blade for players, but the feeling of using it is quite different from that of reinforced wood, so players who use it and those who do not use it are divided.[88] Winter begins in late October and lasts until the end of April. Why Canadian Thanksgiving falls on the second Monday in October, much earlier than in the US.[89] An illustration from a hockey sweater by Roch Carrier, a Canadian children's story writer.[90] The teams who were aiming to win the Stanley Cup, except for the Canadian Stanley Cup, who won the 1992-93 season team, went to the Stanley Cup final in the 1993-94 season, and Vancouver Kerruns, who played with the New York Rangers, the 2003-04 season Calgary Flash , the 2005-06 season of the 2003-04 season. All five teams challenged, including Edmonton Oilers , Ottawa Senners in the 2006-07 season , and Vancouver Kerruns, who entered the Stanley Cup Final in 17-11 season and played with Boston Bruins. In the 2020-21 season, all of the Canadian teams were driven to the northern districts, and the Canadian de Montre was finally climbed into the Stanley Cup as a Canadian team for a long time, but lost to Tampa Bay Lightning , who was aiming for two consecutive titles. In the 2024 Stanley Cup Finals, Edmonton Oilers played against Florida Pansers, but he was defeated by the last minute like the 2021 Stanley Cup Final, so he could not bring the Stanley Cup.[91] Of course, as seen in the Atlanta section, the city does not even have a basketball team . The Atlanta Braves , a traditional baseball powerhouse , are barely making money, and the soccer team Atlanta United FC, which is said to be one of the more popular MLS clubs , could become a slightly popular team because it won the championship in just one year after participating in the league. there was The real money-making college football teams in this neighborhood are the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and the Georgia Bulldogs football teams. In addition, the NFL Atlanta Falcons was also a cold meal, but its popularity gradually increased with the advancement to the Super Bowl in the 2020-21 season. A similar phenomenon is common in the so-called Deep South, such as Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, which are popular southern states for college football.[92] At this time, there was a stir when Jocelyn Laroque refused to accept the silver medal.[93] Even though it was a shootout.[94] Due to the dissolution of the former Soviet Union and the independence of the Czech Republic from Slovakia, the history of the predecessor teams, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, cannot be officially continued, but instead, since 1992 and 1993, when they rejoined their respective associations, they have never fallen to Division 1. Never.[95] In 2018, the team's power improved significantly with the recruitment of naturalized players, and they even participated in the championship. They were placed in Group B against Canada, the United States, Finland, etc., and were immediately relegated to Division 1A after losing all 7 games, but it can be seen as a valuable experience in competing against world-class teams.[96] The IIHF link standard and the NHL link standard are different. In general, IIHF standard links are 60m wide and 30m long, which is relatively longer than NHL standard links, making the space seem wider, while official NHL links are 60m wide and 26m long, which is shorter than IIHF standard links, making the link look longer. The IIHF rink tends to emphasize skating and individual technique, whereas the NHL emphasizes physical and tough play in a good way, and in a bad way, it is suitable for a play style in which the defender's huge body unconditionally body-checks and crushes the opposing striker. can do. So, because of this, sometimes North American players are sarcastically called 'fat people who only do body checking'. Most ice rinks in Korea follow the standards of the IIHF.[97] Hanyang University was disbanded in 2022. Kyunghee University is also maintaining its reputation due to a lack of players. In the 2025 KUSF University Ice Hockey U-League, the team was defeated by Yonsei University by scores of 0:16, 3:13, and 0:18, and by Korea University by scores of 1:8 and 2:12, and is not operating normally.[98] Women are also not on the side of good skills, but it is difficult to pass the Olympic qualifier itself, and as they became a unified team in 2018 that received the right to participate, it does not seem easy to go to the Olympics with Taegeukgi in the past, in Pyeongchang, and in the future.[99] On April 1, 2012, he won 4-2 in the second leg of the regular match between Korea and Japan, recording his first win in his career against Korea and Japan. At the time of the world championships, the nature of the evaluation match to prepare for the competition was strong.[100] Including the people who oppose the unified inter-Korean team and those in favor of the unified inter-Korean team. However, even those in favor of a unified inter-Korean team are demanding that a unified inter-Korean team be negotiated at the next Olympics, not this Olympics.[101] SBS caster Jung Woo-young, a veteran sportscaster with 15 years of experience, also refuted the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism's position by posting a rebuttal on his SNS.[102] Coupang Play has previously won the right to broadcast NFL prime time games from the 2021 season, and has been aggressively winning sports broadcasting rights, including MLS broadcasting, so there were expectations from ice hockey fans that NHL broadcasting rights might also be obtained.[103] The prequel, National Team , was the world's first ski jumping feature film.[104] Among the team's retired players, Paul Kariya , a Japanese-American , left the team before Disney sold him and his banner is the only one in Disney's Mighty Ducks colors.[105] The high -ranking mafia was that the son was a birthday present in an elementary school where his son liked professional wrestling .[106] In particular, Alexander Mogilny's exile case is famous in the hockey world.[107] As mentioned before, ice hockey is a sport that is only popular in the NHL in the United States and Canada and in some European countries. First of all, there is a lot of equipment to wear and it must be expensive, so it is not enough to become a global sport like soccer or basketball , which anyone can enjoy with just a ball . Even if Korea was doing well before the foreign exchange crisis, it was a time when basketball, soccer, baseball , and volleyball were all equally popular, so it was not enough to gain much popularity in the past or later due to the lack of expensive equipment and ice rink infrastructure.[108] There is a strong theory that this is the main reason why ice rinks were built in ancient times. This link was created with donations from church members, and it is said that the most likely reason for raising money like that is because in the 1990s, bingu was especially frustrated because it was so badly broken whenever it encountered solidarity. However, even though the rink was built, the team always lost, so the team trained in Mokdong and played there, and the logic that Mokdong is the team's home stadium emerged again, so in 2008 and 2010, when Korea University was the host, the team played at Goyang Eoullim Nuri. However, in 2010, the score was broken to 1:8, so that excuse no longer works, so after that, even when hosted by Korea University, Mokdong is just used.[109] Not only are the hips big, but the thighs and calves are correspondingly thick. There is probably no player whose thigh circumference is less than 25 inches. Speed ​​skating athletes also have thick lower bodies and cannot fit into ready-made suits, so they must wear tailored suits. Of course, figure skaters have larger buttocks compared to people of similar physique, but unlike other skating sports, they do not need custom suits.[110] Of course, if the implant falls out of the stick, the gums will go out when the implant fits with the stick. Without it, there is a gum, but there is no means to replace the gums.[111] In Korea, Oh Hyun-ho lost his front teeth in the game against Canada at the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. He recalled this in an interview and joked that he was now a player as well.[112] If the winning team wins the last game, it may be called twice. Sing in unison immediately after winning the game and once in unison after the championship award ceremony. In fact, the Republic of Korea U20 national team that participated in the 2020 U20 Division 2B won the championship, and the national anthem was sung twice on the last day of the competition.[113] This is generally the case unless the stadium is owned by a specific team, such as the Chase Center .[114] For example, the Nashville Predators play country music like Nashville, the home of country , and the Montreal Canadiens and New York Rangers use club-only music. The Los Angeles Kings perform I Love LA by Los Angeles native Randy Newman .[115] The fact that it became mandatory 11 years after Masterton's death was an obstacle due to America's unique macho culture. This is the same with baseball helmets. In both cases, people who wore helmets were called cowards and cowards, so it was only after extreme cases like Ray Chapman and Bill Masterton, where players died, that the conversation about wearing helmets could progress.

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