Gamal Abdel Nasser
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- Egyptian soldier
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- Born in 1918
- died in 1970
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- person who died of heart attack
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First President of the United Arab Republic | ||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd-4th President of the Arab Republic of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser جمال عبد الناصر | Gamal Abdel Nasser | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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name | Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein جمال عبد الناصر حسين | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Dead | 1970 September 28 (age 52) | |||||||||||||||||||||
tenure | Acting President | |||||||||||||||||||||
2nd President | ||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd president | ||||||||||||||||||||||
4th President | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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1. outline
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Egyptian soldier and politician .
He served as President of Egypt (1956-1970) and President of the United Arab Republic (1958-1970) .
He served as President of Egypt (1956-1970) and President of the United Arab Republic (1958-1970) .
2. career
2.1. early life
Nasser was born in 1918 as the son of a postmaster in Alexandria, a city on the Mediterranean coast of northern Egypt. Egypt became independent from the Ottoman Empire but became a British protectorate . In the midst of this international situation, young Nasser grew up dreaming of Egypt's complete independence . In 1939, after graduating from the Cairo Military Academy in the 8th class , he worked in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, a joint territory between Britain and Egypt.
When World War II broke out, Nasser contacted several Italian spies who were fighting against Britain along with Anwar Sadat , who would later become his successor as president, for the complete independence of Egypt .
They planned to stage a military coup to oust the British when the Italian army invaded Egypt. However, the Italian army was defeated and Nasser's plan failed. Nasser judged that Egypt could not be made independent easily, so he joined the Free Officers' Corps , a group of anti- British officers , and became a key figure there.
After the end of World War II, when the First Middle East War broke out with the establishment of Israel in 1948, Nasser participated in the Arab Allied Forces as a major , and returned to Egypt when the Arab Allied Forces were defeated. The last King of Egypt, Farouk I, who was 32 years old at the time, was a spendthrift and obsessed with luxury, and the Free Officers , including Nasser , used this as an opportunity to plan a coup .
On July 23, 1952, the Free Officers' Corps staged a coup, captured the generals, and took power. After abolishing the monarchy in 1953 , Muhammad Naguib played an active part in the First Middle East War.[2] A Revolutionary Guidance Council headed by a general was formed. Nasser, who played a central role in this series of processes, entered the center of Egyptian power.
When World War II broke out, Nasser contacted several Italian spies who were fighting against Britain along with Anwar Sadat , who would later become his successor as president, for the complete independence of Egypt .
They planned to stage a military coup to oust the British when the Italian army invaded Egypt. However, the Italian army was defeated and Nasser's plan failed. Nasser judged that Egypt could not be made independent easily, so he joined the Free Officers' Corps , a group of anti- British officers , and became a key figure there.
After the end of World War II, when the First Middle East War broke out with the establishment of Israel in 1948, Nasser participated in the Arab Allied Forces as a major , and returned to Egypt when the Arab Allied Forces were defeated. The last King of Egypt, Farouk I, who was 32 years old at the time, was a spendthrift and obsessed with luxury, and the Free Officers , including Nasser , used this as an opportunity to plan a coup .
On July 23, 1952, the Free Officers' Corps staged a coup, captured the generals, and took power. After abolishing the monarchy in 1953 , Muhammad Naguib played an active part in the First Middle East War.[2] A Revolutionary Guidance Council headed by a general was formed. Nasser, who played a central role in this series of processes, entered the center of Egyptian power.
2.2. early term
In 1952, Nasser was an army captain when he and a group of free officers, including Anwar Sadat, staged a coup against King Farouk, who was largely responsible for the crushing defeat of the First Middle East War, and succeeded in dethroning him. Afterwards, he installed his son, King Fuad II, as a puppet king, abolished the monarchy in 1953, and appointed General Muhammad Naguib as president .[3][4]
In 1954, Naguib was ousted and Nasser became prime minister. Nasser allowed the royal family to go into exile, and King Farouk I filled a wine box full of money and went into exile in Europe , where he lived a wealthy life until he died of a heart attack while having lunch in Rome in 1965.
Nasser began a large-scale purge of the military that was loyal to the king. However, except for putting some officers on trial, the purge was generally completed at the discharge line, and the country was stabilized by taking measures such as abolishing the nobility system for nobles and implementing land reform targeting mosques and noble lands , confiscating part of their property. Nasser promoted land reform in 1952 and reformed the political and economic systems under the old monarchy .[5]
Diplomatically, he emerged as a leader in the Arab world by advocating pan -Arabism, opposing the formation of the Baghdad Treaty Organization in solidarity with Arab countries such as Iraq and Syria, and calling for unity among Arab countries. Tito in 1955 Nehru visited Brioni Island (now part of Croatia ) at the invitation of the President of Yugoslavia . A three-party meeting was held with the Prime Minister of India . Since then, he has been considered one of the representative Third World leaders.
He was inaugurated as president in 1956. In January 1956, a top-secret meeting was held with Israel over the handling of Palestinian refugees in the Gaza Strip , and although he actively pursued a policy of reconciliation with Israel, he was said to have opposed moving Palestinian refugees to Egypt. Meanwhile, it simultaneously approached the West , including the United States, and the Eastern Bloc, including the Soviet Union, and received support from the West for the construction of the Aswan Dam, and the Eastern Bloc imported a lot of weapons from Czechoslovakia .
However, although the construction of the Aswan Dam cost an astronomical amount of money, the West, stimulated by the import of Eastern Bloc weapons, did not pay for the construction, which made Nasser angry and became very inclined towards the Eastern Bloc .[6] In the same year, it declared the sudden nationalization of the Suez Canal , which was owned by Britain, and eventually entered into a full-blown war with Britain, France, and Israel. This is the second Middle East war .[7]
In the Second Middle East War, Nasser's Egypt was tactically defeated, with more than 2,000 casualties and about 5,000 prisoners. However, the intervention of Britain and France was recognized by the international community as an outdated imperialist act. The Soviet Union, which was seeking support in the Third World, hinted at using nuclear weapons to help Egypt , and even its ally the United States warned Britain and France, so Britain, France, and Israel had to withdraw without gaining anything. Nasser, who succeeded in delivering a blow to Britain and France, which had previously interfered and humiliated the Arab world , including Egypt, emerged as the leader of Arab nationalism .
In 1954, Naguib was ousted and Nasser became prime minister. Nasser allowed the royal family to go into exile, and King Farouk I filled a wine box full of money and went into exile in Europe , where he lived a wealthy life until he died of a heart attack while having lunch in Rome in 1965.
Nasser began a large-scale purge of the military that was loyal to the king. However, except for putting some officers on trial, the purge was generally completed at the discharge line, and the country was stabilized by taking measures such as abolishing the nobility system for nobles and implementing land reform targeting mosques and noble lands , confiscating part of their property. Nasser promoted land reform in 1952 and reformed the political and economic systems under the old monarchy .[5]
Diplomatically, he emerged as a leader in the Arab world by advocating pan -Arabism, opposing the formation of the Baghdad Treaty Organization in solidarity with Arab countries such as Iraq and Syria, and calling for unity among Arab countries. Tito in 1955 Nehru visited Brioni Island (now part of Croatia ) at the invitation of the President of Yugoslavia . A three-party meeting was held with the Prime Minister of India . Since then, he has been considered one of the representative Third World leaders.
He was inaugurated as president in 1956. In January 1956, a top-secret meeting was held with Israel over the handling of Palestinian refugees in the Gaza Strip , and although he actively pursued a policy of reconciliation with Israel, he was said to have opposed moving Palestinian refugees to Egypt. Meanwhile, it simultaneously approached the West , including the United States, and the Eastern Bloc, including the Soviet Union, and received support from the West for the construction of the Aswan Dam, and the Eastern Bloc imported a lot of weapons from Czechoslovakia .
However, although the construction of the Aswan Dam cost an astronomical amount of money, the West, stimulated by the import of Eastern Bloc weapons, did not pay for the construction, which made Nasser angry and became very inclined towards the Eastern Bloc .[6] In the same year, it declared the sudden nationalization of the Suez Canal , which was owned by Britain, and eventually entered into a full-blown war with Britain, France, and Israel. This is the second Middle East war .[7]
In the Second Middle East War, Nasser's Egypt was tactically defeated, with more than 2,000 casualties and about 5,000 prisoners. However, the intervention of Britain and France was recognized by the international community as an outdated imperialist act. The Soviet Union, which was seeking support in the Third World, hinted at using nuclear weapons to help Egypt , and even its ally the United States warned Britain and France, so Britain, France, and Israel had to withdraw without gaining anything. Nasser, who succeeded in delivering a blow to Britain and France, which had previously interfered and humiliated the Arab world , including Egypt, emerged as the leader of Arab nationalism .
2.3. leader of pan-Arabism
In 1958, Egypt and Syria joined into a country to become the United Arab Union Republic , and Nasser himself became president. However, there were many problems when integrating and operating different countries, and the Egyptian side has a lot of population and area and recognition ahead.[8] Syria's dissatisfaction has increased due to the superiority of Syria.
Eventually, in 1961, Syria declared independence through a coup d'état and re-separated, and it was finally divided into three years . However, conscious of the possibility of further accession by other Arab states, the name of the United Arab Republic was retained for some time.
During his term as president, he led pan-Arab nationalism and Third World movements. In October 1962, when the Cuban Missile Crisis occurred, Nasser's actions were quite interesting. He sent personal letters to both Khrushchev and Kennedy , trying to calm them down and calmly resolve the situation. He also tried to somehow turn the United Nations, which had been reduced into a confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States, into a forum for resolving the situation by rallying Third World countries at the United Nations, saying that first and second world member countries could not be left to make their own decisions. Nasser's balanced appearance is also revealed in his diplomacy with the Korean Peninsula, where Nasser refused to establish diplomatic relations with both North Korea and South Korea . However, when North Korea took Nasser's side in the North Yemen civil war , it established diplomatic relations with North Korea. In order to maintain balance, it also proposed establishing diplomatic relations with South Korea, but South Korea went on a rampage, even withdrawing its consulate general from Cairo because it was time to uphold the Hallstein principle . However, he hit the ground hard for not establishing diplomatic relations with Egypt, which later became the leader of the Third World and Arab countries.
In Israel, Nasser was regarded as a very belligerent figure, and Israeli leaders at the time, including Moses Dayan and David Ben-Gurion, were concerned about Nasser's invasion and provoked him several times through preventive wars and provocations. However, Nasser, who tried to secure influence within the Arab world through Arab integration, did not pay much attention to Israel or the Gaza Strip. However, Israel fought a series of wars with Egypt in the Suez War and the Six-Day War, and Egypt was ultimately defeated. Because of this, Nasser's prestige fell to the ground, and voices came out from everywhere cursing Nasser as a traitor who pushed Arabs into disaster. In Algeria , the Egyptian embassy was attacked, and in Tunisia , the Egyptian Cultural Center was destroyed. Even Cairo was full of voices cursing Nasser as a monster.
The catastrophic defeat of the Third Middle East War left Nasser physically and mentally devastated. Muhammad Haykal, famous for having his cigar taken away by Khrushchev, was so shocked to see Nasser that he looked like he had aged by more than 10 years, and Nasser continued to blatantly imply suicide with a pistol . Commander -in-Chief Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer hinted at a coup.[9] He demanded that Defense Minister Shams Vardhan be appointed as his successor. Nasser then reached an agreement with Amer that Vice President Zakariya Muhieddin would become president. Finally, on June 9, Nasser announced that if he did not come down, the army would take him down anyway, and that he would stand proudly even at the firing squad if the Egyptian people wanted. At 6:30 p.m., he announced on the air that the defeat was due to a conspiracy by the United States and Britain, and that he would accept all defeat.
Eventually, in 1961, Syria declared independence through a coup d'état and re-separated, and it was finally divided into three years . However, conscious of the possibility of further accession by other Arab states, the name of the United Arab Republic was retained for some time.
During his term as president, he led pan-Arab nationalism and Third World movements. In October 1962, when the Cuban Missile Crisis occurred, Nasser's actions were quite interesting. He sent personal letters to both Khrushchev and Kennedy , trying to calm them down and calmly resolve the situation. He also tried to somehow turn the United Nations, which had been reduced into a confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States, into a forum for resolving the situation by rallying Third World countries at the United Nations, saying that first and second world member countries could not be left to make their own decisions. Nasser's balanced appearance is also revealed in his diplomacy with the Korean Peninsula, where Nasser refused to establish diplomatic relations with both North Korea and South Korea . However, when North Korea took Nasser's side in the North Yemen civil war , it established diplomatic relations with North Korea. In order to maintain balance, it also proposed establishing diplomatic relations with South Korea, but South Korea went on a rampage, even withdrawing its consulate general from Cairo because it was time to uphold the Hallstein principle . However, he hit the ground hard for not establishing diplomatic relations with Egypt, which later became the leader of the Third World and Arab countries.
In Israel, Nasser was regarded as a very belligerent figure, and Israeli leaders at the time, including Moses Dayan and David Ben-Gurion, were concerned about Nasser's invasion and provoked him several times through preventive wars and provocations. However, Nasser, who tried to secure influence within the Arab world through Arab integration, did not pay much attention to Israel or the Gaza Strip. However, Israel fought a series of wars with Egypt in the Suez War and the Six-Day War, and Egypt was ultimately defeated. Because of this, Nasser's prestige fell to the ground, and voices came out from everywhere cursing Nasser as a traitor who pushed Arabs into disaster. In Algeria , the Egyptian embassy was attacked, and in Tunisia , the Egyptian Cultural Center was destroyed. Even Cairo was full of voices cursing Nasser as a monster.
The catastrophic defeat of the Third Middle East War left Nasser physically and mentally devastated. Muhammad Haykal, famous for having his cigar taken away by Khrushchev, was so shocked to see Nasser that he looked like he had aged by more than 10 years, and Nasser continued to blatantly imply suicide with a pistol . Commander -in-Chief Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer hinted at a coup.[9] He demanded that Defense Minister Shams Vardhan be appointed as his successor. Nasser then reached an agreement with Amer that Vice President Zakariya Muhieddin would become president. Finally, on June 9, Nasser announced that if he did not come down, the army would take him down anyway, and that he would stand proudly even at the firing squad if the Egyptian people wanted. At 6:30 p.m., he announced on the air that the defeat was due to a conspiracy by the United States and Britain, and that he would accept all defeat.
The imperialist powers considered Abdel Nasser their enemy. I want to make it clear that all Arabs are their enemies, not Gamal Abdel Nasser. Hopes for Arab unity began before Gamal Abdel Nasser, and will continue even after Gamal Abdel Nasser is gone. What survives is the nation. Whatever Nasser contributed to his country's cause, he was an expression of the will of the people, never the creator.
Then, millions of Egyptians, including women, children, and college students, pour out into the streets and squeeze their heads and clothes . There was a collegation of the colostrum. Muheo Edin, who was named after his successor, refused to succeed the president, and lawmakers and intellectuals flocked to the presidential palace to swear the loyalty to Nasser. And all of the leaders of Arab countries, including Jordan , have issued a statement in which Haya in Nasser is in full swing. The state -owned Egyptian state broadcaster declared the support of Nasser, saying that the US sixth fleet would come and destroy Egypt, but he could not lose Nasser.
Evaluations of this incident are mixed. While most foreign media outlets at the time disparaged Nasser as using a trick to protect his throne,[10] Le Monde reporter Eric Roulloman countered this, saying it was impossible to mobilize millions of people in a few hours. It is clear that the Egyptian people supported Nasser, as the leaders of each country tried to stop him from resigning and the whole country mourned when he died. Before defeat in the war, there were achievements such as land reform , large-scale civil engineering projects, and construction of large-scale schools, so they continued to support it even in the face of defeat.
Even Nasser appears to have been very embarrassed by the sudden situation. According to Muhammad Haykal, Nasser was in shock for hours and refused to believe the suddenness of the situation. Heikal responded that the people do not know any other leader besides Nasser, and although Nasser is responsible for the defeat, what the people want is not Nasser's resignation, but to find an honorable way to overcome this crisis.
In the end, Nasser overturned his resignation on the grounds that he could not disregard the voice of the people, and sent out a statement that he would remain in place until the traces of Israel's aggression were eradicated. According to a New York Times report, once the statement was made, the whole of Egypt was once again filled with cheering crowds. Nasser, who retained his throne, immediately arrested Marshal Amer, who died in prison and was publicly announced as a suicide.
2.4. Late term
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1962 It intervened in the North Yemen civil war , supported the republican government, and sent many Egyptian troops to help the republicans. In 1967, a siege was established against Syria and Israel, but with many troops tied up in Yemen , the country was defeated by Israel 's preemptive attack and lost the Sinai Peninsula . This is the Third Middle East War .
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Yasser Arafat (left) and Gamal Abdel Nasser (right) meeting with Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). |
Afterwards, Nasser's Egypt took a hard line against Israel, advocating no recognition of Israel as a state, no negotiations with Israel, no peace with Israel, and no restoration of Palestinian rights . While supporting the Fedai in the outskirts of Palestine, Nasser also protected Nazi war criminals who were on the run, and most of his work is said to have been training the Egyptian military and political organizations, and writing anti-Semitic propaganda.[12] Therefore, in the 1960s, the Israeli government is said to have been very concerned about Egypt acquiring German military scientific technology to develop rockets , and even sent a Nazi scientist in charge of rocket development to Egypt as a spy . However, because Nasser had friendly relations with the Soviet Union, which was hostile to the Nazis , he did not provide much help to Nazi executives. The Aswan High Dam was built with the cooperation of Eastern Bloc and communist countries such as the Soviet Union , China , and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic , but in Korea, revenue from the Suez Canal decreased , causing severe inflation , leading to an economic recession .[13]
2.5. Dead
Meanwhile, Nasser died of myocardial infarction at the age of 52 on September 28, 1970. Since the defeat of the 6 -day war , Nasser has confirmed the reality of the unfounded superiority of Israel and has been in love with the United States to promote peaceful solutions with Israel.[14] The PLO leader Yaser Arafat , who resisted here, carried out massive terrorism in Jordan and Lebanon .[15] Nasser's blood pressure was raised by making the entire Middle East a mess, not Israel, and Nasser tried to reconcile the Middle East leaders in his late life. However, Nasser, who has suffered from heart disease since 1967, has not been able to work, but even if he is forced to meet the summit, he hurt his health to mediate the relationship between Arabs. And on September 27, after collecting the heads of Arab countries such as Jordan , Saudi Arabia , and PLO, they complained of reconciliation. Immediately after repatriation of Sabah Al-Salim Al-Saabah, he fell down and fell down the next day. The PLO was eventually driven out of the Jordanian government , which could not hold on to their pokes .
His death plunged Egypt and the entire Arab world into great sorrow.[16] At his funeral, leaders from various Arab countries flocked to his funeral, rolling around on the floor and wailing. Jordan's King Hussein I and Iraq's President Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr cried like children, Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, who regarded Nasser as his political teacher, fainted twice, and PLO Chairman Arafat, who was an important factor in Nasser's death, also continued to sob. However, Western countries, which were uncomfortable with the honeymoon between Nasser and the Soviet Union, ignored his death. On the other hand, the Soviet Union dispatched Alexei Kosygin to offer condolences, and other former communist countries in Eastern Europe, such as Yugoslavia , Bulgaria , Romania , Poland , and Czechoslovakia, also sent letters of condolence to the Egyptian government. Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir viewed him as a warmonger and left a sarcastic comment, but allowed Israel's Arab citizens to mourn. Anwar Sadat came to power as his successor, and Anwar Sadat led the well-honed Egyptian army and started the Fourth Middle East War to defeat Israel, which did quite well. Afterwards, when Sadat concluded peace negotiations with Israel through the Camp David Accords , recognized Israel as a formal state and returned the Sinai Peninsula , Sadat was assassinated by agitated Islamic extremists , and Hosni Mubarak succeeded him.
His death plunged Egypt and the entire Arab world into great sorrow.[16] At his funeral, leaders from various Arab countries flocked to his funeral, rolling around on the floor and wailing. Jordan's King Hussein I and Iraq's President Ahmad Hassan al-Bakr cried like children, Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, who regarded Nasser as his political teacher, fainted twice, and PLO Chairman Arafat, who was an important factor in Nasser's death, also continued to sob. However, Western countries, which were uncomfortable with the honeymoon between Nasser and the Soviet Union, ignored his death. On the other hand, the Soviet Union dispatched Alexei Kosygin to offer condolences, and other former communist countries in Eastern Europe, such as Yugoslavia , Bulgaria , Romania , Poland , and Czechoslovakia, also sent letters of condolence to the Egyptian government. Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir viewed him as a warmonger and left a sarcastic comment, but allowed Israel's Arab citizens to mourn. Anwar Sadat came to power as his successor, and Anwar Sadat led the well-honed Egyptian army and started the Fourth Middle East War to defeat Israel, which did quite well. Afterwards, when Sadat concluded peace negotiations with Israel through the Camp David Accords , recognized Israel as a formal state and returned the Sinai Peninsula , Sadat was assassinated by agitated Islamic extremists , and Hosni Mubarak succeeded him.
3. election history
year | election | ward | affiliated party | Number of Votes (Percentage of Votes) | Whether or not to win | note |
1956 | 1956 Egyptian presidential election | national union | 5,499,555 (99.9%) | Winner (1st place) | first line | |
1958 | 1958 Egyptian presidential election | 6,102,116 (100.0%) | re-election | |||
1965 | 1965 Egyptian presidential election | Arab Socialist Union | 6,950,098 (100.0%) | 3 lines |
4. evaluation
“ Nasser’s attitude and fighting spirit to destroy the thousands of years of feudal strongholds and build a vibrant modern era !”[17]Park Chung -hee, Page 1963, 195-196
"Nacellism, which is greatly promoting nationalism and socialism, is attracting a lot of attention from the innovative innovation forces. The enemy personality is requested to be avoided as soon as possible, but his temporary and excessive dictatorship For this reason, it would be wrong to try to deny the progressive nature of Nacellism, and we will be able to avoid his dictatorship soon and approach democratic socialism.[18]《Myeongin Ok Mid -term》 Lee Dong -hwa, Hope Publishing House, 1966
Nasser was a politician of the century as he actively promoted Arab socialism and Arab nationalism and promoted pan-Arabism, and his rule and ideology were based on this idea called Nasserism . During Nasser's reign, Egypt was elevated to the rank of a revolutionary exporter to neighboring countries.[19] After that, Egypt never had that role or status again until the 21st century. In other words, he is a person who made Egyptians re-experience to a certain extent the status and glory of Egypt, which was glorious during the ancient and medieval times. His ability to communicate with the public is also excellent, and in fact, due to the eradication of illiteracy through the spread of public education , raising the minimum wage , land reform , securing revenue from large-scale civil engineering projects and the Suez Canal , and fostering bureaucrats and state-run enterprises , Egypt's economic growth rate was so strong that it recorded an annual rate of 9% from the mid-1950s to before the Middle East War in 1967, which was a time when the standard of living for most Egyptians rose to some extent, so he is more highly regarded than previous kings and subsequent presidents. This is evidence that Nasser's personal diplomatic skills changed the international status of a country in an orderly turbulent era polarized into the first, second, and third worlds .[20]
In 1922, the Kingdom of Egypt gained legal independence, but was heavily dependent on Britain in many ways, including British ownership of the Suez Canal . Also, at that time, one of Nasser's relatives was arrested and imprisoned for political reasons. As such, there is no place like that in a region where the scars of imperialism and colonialism still remain, but among them, Nasser had a particularly negative view of Britain and was ostensibly recognized as the leader of anti-British people. The evaluation in the West is mixed, especially for logical reasons, such as the fact that the pro-Soviet policy and the Arab unification that were pursued were not successful due to the division of each Arab country, the fact that Egypt's economic development was stagnated after the death due to an inefficient public enterprise governance structure, and the history of suppressing the opposition party . However, this is not an evaluation made based on the messy situations in Africa , the Middle East , and West Asia , then and now .[21][22]
5. digression
- Gamal Abdel Nasser is Nectanebo II He is famous as the first native Egyptian leader to appear in 2,300 years since the Pharaoh (or Kabbash ). In fact, from the 31st Dynasty of Egypt ( the reconquest of Persia ), Egypt was ruled by leaders who had mixed foreign ancestry or had a strong identity from a foreign country rather than from within Egypt. So, if we were to draw up a genealogy of leaders only from native Egyptians, the next figure after Nectanebo II (Kabbash) would be former President Gamal Abdel Nasser.
- This character appeared in the Great Foreign Figures series published in Korea in the 1980s. At that time, the Park Chung-hee government had only been in office for a short time, and it was during the Chun Doo-hwan government that followed, so it may have been because a strong leader with a military background was highly regarded. However, Nasser is clearly anti-American. Close to left-wing tendencies. The reason why the Chun Doo-hwan government allowed Nasser's great man war at the time was partly because he was a military dictator, but it also appears to have been because the relationship with the United States was not very smooth and the fact that he was a leftist was simply hidden.
- Among the leaders of countries where the Arab Spring was successful, he was the only one who was not expelled. This is inevitable, as he has many supporters in Egypt and is the person who took back the Suez Canal and the Sinai Peninsula, which have the greatest influence on the Egyptian economy, from Israel and Western countries. In addition, most of the long-term powerful figures fall into disrepair toward the end of their lives, while it is difficult for them to receive a bad evaluation because they suddenly pass away at a time when their evaluations were good.
- Personally, I admired Napoleon Bonaparte , but considering the negative perception Egyptians have of Napoleon, this is a rather unusual case. In fact, since Napoleon is such a symbol of modern conquest , military- based dictators and people who shout "let's build a great ~" tend to like Napoleon. Furthermore, since Napoleon came to power through a coup d'état , it may have been natural for Nasser to use Napoleon as a role model .
- He advocated Arab socialism and diplomatically made friends with the Soviet Union , but opposed communism . In 1959, the Egyptian Communist Party was actually forced. Even if the comrades were in the revolution , they were arrested if they were judged to be a communist , and even when Nikita Khrushchev put pressure to release the Communist Party's ban in Egypt, it was an internal problem and not a foreign country. Although he first opposed the unification with Syria due to economic and sociocultural heterogeneity, the delegation of Syria turned to approval by convincing that civil wars could occur in Syria with the power of the communist regime. After unification, he immediately ordered a strict crackdown on communists in Syria . The Communist Party has not been eligible for all -out dictatorship in Egypt since 1960.[23]
- I was close to Muamar Gaddafi in my neighbor Libya . Gaddafi took a walk together since the Libyan army. Originally, Gaddafi respected Nasser, and after the revolution, Gaddafi imitated Nasser's Arab socialism and struck the Zamahiriya system. But after the death of Nasser, the two countries were completely divided and they were in line with the aptitude. Eventually, Egypt also supported Chad in the Libyan-Chad War , and later joined the Gaddafi regime with the rebels in the first Libyan Civil War .
- Yasuhiro Nakasone of Japan The Prime Minister is one of the politicians who evaluated Nasser very highly. When Nakasone was a young member of the National Assembly, he visited Egypt and had a meeting with Nasser at Nasser's private residence, and it is said that he was very surprised by Nasser's frugality.
- When this man died, Golda Meir , nicknamed the Iron Lady , asked, "What on earth has he given his people other than war?" She said and hit me hard. Of course, Golda Meir was the prime minister of Israel, which was hostile to Egypt at the time, so there is no way she would have a good opinion of Nasser, the leader of Arab nationalism .
- He was fluent in English , and even when meeting Western journalists, he spoke directly in English without an interpreter.
6. in the mass media
- Sharon , a clone girl born from Nasser's DNA , appears in the Korean science fiction mobile game < Ella's 2048 >. A poor girl who seems to be treated as a failure because her personality is the opposite of the real Nasser.
7. look around
[ Expand/Collapse ]
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[1] He announced his resignation on June 9, 1967, but his resignation was rejected by Congress and he returned to office two days later. Vice President Zakariya Mohieddin acted in charge for two days.[2] During the First Middle East War, he intercepted the Israeli military's communications and led a successful counterattack, making him famous as a war hero.[3] At this time , he collaborated a lot with the Muslim Brotherhood, which had a lot of support in the lower classes .[4] Lee In-tae, “Endless terrorist attacks! : Understanding Terrorism and Terrorist Attack Tactics in the Middle East》, Book and Tree, 2016, p.109[5] This was a fairly unconventional measure by Arab standards, as it was not an extremely violent mass movement-type land reform as in the case of the French Revolution , but a gradual and legally backed land reform. Although it did not distribute all farmland to farmers, it succeeded in clearly changing the social structure during the feudal dynasty and succeeded in incorporating farmers who were distributed farmland and became small farmers into a support base.[6] Nasser did not live to see the completion of the Aswan High Dam and died nearby. There were some negative aspects, such as about 120,000 Egyptian residents having to relocate and changes in sediment accumulation that changed the density of fertile organic matter. The United Arab Republic's Aswan Dam project led to the production of electricity from a hydroelectric power plant, significantly improving Egypt's energy problem, where power shortage was a major problem, and succeeded in increasing the area of cultivated land by about 30%. The Soviet Union not only sponsored construction but also dispatched engineers and management personnel to Egypt, and approximately tens of thousands of Egyptian workers and approximately 3,000 Soviet engineers participated in the construction of the dam. In Egypt , the Soviet Union also provided significant support for the training of engineers and bureaucrats, study abroad, and educational facilities, which opened the door to symbolic economic construction such as the Helwan Steel Plant and played a role in helping Egypt achieve the development of industry, bureaucracy, and military power, which were quite successful by Arab world standards. At the height of the Arab Cold War, 80% of Egypt's military consisted of Soviet-made weapons, including air defense missiles, fighter jets, tanks, and radars. # [7] Nasser, who was able to take advantage of the support of the Arab public, organized a large militia and planned asymmetric warfare.[8] Of course, from a historical perspective, Syria also has a long history comparable to that of Egypt, but it was not enough.[9] On the first day of the 3rd Middle East, Egyptian and Air Force's collapse was the most responsible for the enemy of Amer.[10] Hayasho like this is surprisingly common. It is carried out for the purpose of changing the situation and strengthening the regime when the position of the powerful is weakened. If this type of hayasho is successful, it can achieve a kind of re-confidence effect and gain more power than before.[11] Ali Sabri was Prime Minister of Nasser's regime at the time.[12] Such figures include Johann von Leers, a former Nazi Party propaganda activist who was in charge of anti-Israel propaganda in the Egyptian Intelligence Service , and Leopold Gleim, a former Gestapo official who worked in the Egyptian government . Otto-Ernst Remer , who suppressed the attempted assassination of Hitler, also briefly fled to Egypt when the German Socialist National Party received an order to disband the party and served as a military advisor to Gamal Abdel Nasser.[13] There is also a view of the cause of the industrial expenses of Nasser, nationalization of capital, and the massive expenditure caused by the Middle East War.[14] In Volume 3 of Lee Won-bok 's 《 World History Horizontally and Vertically 》, he is described as dying in bitterness that he could not defeat Israel in the end, but this is not historically accurate.[15] See Black September .[16] Said K. Aburish, a Palestinian journalist who wrote biographies of Nasser and Saddam Hussein, was in the United States at the time and upon hearing Nasser's death on the radio, he panicked, stopped his car on the street and cried. When police asked him what was happening, he replied, "My family just died."[17] At that time, Nasser was in power by military coup , a thorough one -person leader power, and the government -led economy influenced by socialist ideology, and the Suez Canal based on nationalism Several third worlds due to routes such as nationalization decision It was becoming a role model for military leaders in developing countries . An interesting point is that Park Chung -hee also doubted that Kim Jong -pil , his closest aide and nephew's son -in -law, would betray himself and cause a coup like Nasser. Kim Jong -pil replied every time, "Do you see me as Nasser? Why do you keep doubting me?" For more information, see Kim Jong Pil's life .[18] However, Nasserism inspired many military leaders around the world, leading to long-term one-man dictatorships and iron-fisted rule following coups, and even Egypt experienced the long-term dictatorship of Hosni Mubarak .[19] At his peak, he had a tremendous influence throughout the Arab world and the Third World, making a name for himself with his passionate speeches, to the point where he was called the best Arab radio star . Because of that, he went so far as to confiscate radios in Jordan and Yemen .[20] Anwar Sadat succeeded Nasser, but was assassinated after making a sharp reversal in his overall policy with radical radical measures. Hosni Mubarak achieved coordination well, and although he did not achieve a defeat like Nasser, he achieved practical benefits in state affairs and diplomacy and remained in power for a long time.[21] When an Arab socialist party was in power, as in Egypt at the time, the opposition party was often right-wing Islamic extremism . Arab revolutionary governments felt the political threat of reaction from Islamic religious leaders and pro -imperialists .[22] By the standards of the Arab world, significant achievements were achieved in economic construction, such as the increase in electricity production due to the construction of the Aswan High Dam with Soviet support, the establishment of a number of new state-owned enterprises through the acceptance of Soviet-style bureaucracy and the training of Soviet engineers, the import of research reactors, the establishment of a steel mill in Helwan, and the self-production of armored vehicles influenced by the BTR-40 called the Walid Armored Car at the Helwan Complex Industrial Complex during President Nasser's lifetime. Looking at the African continent as a whole, with the exception of South Africa, no country will exceed Egypt's figure in commercial industrial production, including steel, in the 2020s. Although the Helwan Steel Mill, which is mentioned as the first large-scale steel mill in the Arab world, is expected to be converted to a site due to debt problems, it is not a big stretch to say that the industry and the bureaucracy that supports it in Egypt, the top Arab country, were laid down during the Nasser era.[23] In fact, most of the Arab socialist regimes were united with the second world only when needed, and were extremely hostile to communism itself. Syria and Libya Arab Jama Hiriya were close to the Soviet Union , and communists in the country were strictly suppressed, and Saddam Hussein in Iraq, Baht, was accompanied by an anti -communist .
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