shor
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- English : Shors
1. outline
russia They are indigenous Turkic people living in Kemerovo, located in Siberia .
There are two groups of Shor people, the southern mountain taiga and the northern steppe. Due to their location, they are very close culturally and linguistically to the nearby Altaic , Khakas and Tulum.
As of 2010, there are 12,888 people, and more than 10,000 live in Kemerovo Oblast. Other small populations live in the nearby Republic of Khakassia and Krasnoyarsk .
More than 60% of the Shhor consider Russian as their first language .
The etymology of shor is unknown.
There are two groups of Shor people, the southern mountain taiga and the northern steppe. Due to their location, they are very close culturally and linguistically to the nearby Altaic , Khakas and Tulum.
As of 2010, there are 12,888 people, and more than 10,000 live in Kemerovo Oblast. Other small populations live in the nearby Republic of Khakassia and Krasnoyarsk .
More than 60% of the Shhor consider Russian as their first language .
The etymology of shor is unknown.
2. origins and history
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It is presumed that several Siberian tribes such as the Yenisei , the Turk , and the Samoyed were mixed for a long time, and it seems that they were later Turkicized under the influence of the Yenisei Kyrgyz.
In the early 17th century , as they first came into contact with Russians and Kazakhs who advanced into Siberia, they were subjugated as subjects of the Rus Tsar .[3]
In 1926, after the Russian Revolution, an ethnic autonomous region of the mountain Shores was created. In the following years, ethnic education was conducted in the region, culture developed, intellectuals emerged, and books and textbooks in the Shore language were published. However, it was known that the area had abundant deposits of coal , iron , and gold , and since the late 1930s, residents from other areas began to come in to mine.
Later, in 1939 , the Soviet authorities abolished the ethnic autonomous region on the grounds that it could impede local mining . Publication of books in the Shhor language and education in the Shor language were stopped, and representatives of the Shor language were caught up in the Great Purge or killed in battle during the Joseon Dynasty and the Soviet-Russian War . Afterwards, as other peoples came in large numbers to the places where the mountain Shores lived, the Shours assimilated with other peoples and lost their own language and traditions.
Currently, indifference to traditional culture, high mortality rate, low birth rate , drug and alcohol addiction, and racial discrimination are causing major problems for the survival of the Shore people.
In the early 17th century , as they first came into contact with Russians and Kazakhs who advanced into Siberia, they were subjugated as subjects of the Rus Tsar .[3]
In 1926, after the Russian Revolution, an ethnic autonomous region of the mountain Shores was created. In the following years, ethnic education was conducted in the region, culture developed, intellectuals emerged, and books and textbooks in the Shore language were published. However, it was known that the area had abundant deposits of coal , iron , and gold , and since the late 1930s, residents from other areas began to come in to mine.
Later, in 1939 , the Soviet authorities abolished the ethnic autonomous region on the grounds that it could impede local mining . Publication of books in the Shhor language and education in the Shor language were stopped, and representatives of the Shor language were caught up in the Great Purge or killed in battle during the Joseon Dynasty and the Soviet-Russian War . Afterwards, as other peoples came in large numbers to the places where the mountain Shores lived, the Shours assimilated with other peoples and lost their own language and traditions.
Currently, indifference to traditional culture, high mortality rate, low birth rate , drug and alcohol addiction, and racial discrimination are causing major problems for the survival of the Shore people.
3. religion
The Shors used to believe in animism and shamanism , but now believe in the Russian Orthodox Church . Shamanism plays an important part in the revival of modern Shore identity and traditional culture.
3.1. mythology
According to the Shor creation myth, the universe was empty until Ul'gen created the three heavens . Ulgen placed his son Paktan in the lowest sky, and placed a spirit named Keikush in the middle sky while he and his wife , Chaasin, lived in the upper sky .
Ulgen's younger brother, Erlik, created mountains and birds and other animals , and Ulgen created humans . However, Ulgen did not know how to create human souls, and the humans he created were mere shells. So he set out on a journey in search of his soul , One dog was left to protect humans.
Seeing an opportunity, Erlic tried to approach the human, but the dog prevented him from approaching. Erlik then tried to make a deal with the dog, that he would give him hair if he let him approach a human. The dog accepted the deal, and as soon as Eric passed by, the dog's body began to grow hair . Erlik approached the lifeless human, spat on him, rubbed it with dirt , and left.
Afterwards, Ulgen returned to check on the people and dogs, and the dog told them what had happened. Ulgen was curious about how his brother Erlik could create a soul, so he summoned him.
Erlik said he knew how to create souls. Ulgen had no other choice, so if Erlic created a human soul, Ulgen would take ownership of the soul, leaving Ulgen to own the body. Erlik put a hollow tube made from the stem of an angelica donkey into a person's mouth and breathed the soul through the tube.
Soon, Ulgen tried to banish Erlic from the land , but he begged his brother Ulgen to give him a piece of land where he could live. When Ulgen raised his staff , a hole opened where he was resting, and snakes , insects , and other creatures crawled out of it, and Erlik went down through the hole to the underworld.
Ulgen's younger brother, Erlik, created mountains and birds and other animals , and Ulgen created humans . However, Ulgen did not know how to create human souls, and the humans he created were mere shells. So he set out on a journey in search of his soul , One dog was left to protect humans.
Seeing an opportunity, Erlic tried to approach the human, but the dog prevented him from approaching. Erlik then tried to make a deal with the dog, that he would give him hair if he let him approach a human. The dog accepted the deal, and as soon as Eric passed by, the dog's body began to grow hair . Erlik approached the lifeless human, spat on him, rubbed it with dirt , and left.
Afterwards, Ulgen returned to check on the people and dogs, and the dog told them what had happened. Ulgen was curious about how his brother Erlik could create a soul, so he summoned him.
Erlik said he knew how to create souls. Ulgen had no other choice, so if Erlic created a human soul, Ulgen would take ownership of the soul, leaving Ulgen to own the body. Erlik put a hollow tube made from the stem of an angelica donkey into a person's mouth and breathed the soul through the tube.
Soon, Ulgen tried to banish Erlic from the land , but he begged his brother Ulgen to give him a piece of land where he could live. When Ulgen raised his staff , a hole opened where he was resting, and snakes , insects , and other creatures crawled out of it, and Erlik went down through the hole to the underworld.
3.2. world view
The Shirs believed that the world was traditionally divided into three, and all areas believed that they were filled with souls, humans, animals, and other creatures, and these three worlds were believed to be connected to the world of world or mountains. At the top of the world, there was heaven, the stem passed through the middle world, and the roots were believed to have led to the underworld, or famous world. These areas are as follows.
- Ul'gen Cheri : It is said that it is divided into nine sky in the area where Ulgen rule.
- Keshkan (Yellow Sky): The Realm of Lightning .
- Kok Kur (Blue Zone): The area of the blue part of the rainbow.
- Kizil Kur (Red Zone): The area of the red part of the rainbow.
- Kir Kur (Gray Zone): The area of the gray part of the rainbow.
- Kektamosh Kur (Indigo Zone): The region of the indigo part of the rainbow.
- Kizil Tengri (Red Sky): A realm inhabited by mysterious beings known as the "Red Women".
- area of the sun .
- Ulgen's Private Realm: This realm is always radiant, warm, and full of life. It never dies vegetation, and is always full of livestock and animals. It is also said that the corpse is an area that never decays.
- Ortinda/Pistin Cheri : An area inhabited by humans and animals.
- Aina Cheri : The realm of Ulgen's brother Erlic and his servants .
3.3. gods and spirits
Since Shor is basically Turkic, the gods and spirits of ancient Mongol-Turkic mythology naturally appear in these myths.
- Tengri : God of the Sky , Clan Shor It is said that the elders prayed towards the sky, but the shamans rarely did so.
- Paktan: Son of Ul'gen
- Erlik: God of the Underworld
- Aina: Evil spirits of the underworld who belong to Erlik's helpers. They say it can steal people's souls.
- Ak Pozat: Ulgen's white horse , the Shorites believed the lightning to be Ul'gen's whip as he rode Ak Pozat.
- Che Ezi: Spirits that live in specific areas such as mountains, rivers, and forests. Some even say they live in heaven.
- Samchi: Che Ezi who lives in Keshkan, one of the nine heavens. It is said that in the middle of Keshkan, they live with their families in houses resembling human dwellings .
- Cher-Sug: God who rules over the spirits of the earth and the guardians of mountains , forests , rocks , and rivers .
- Umay: Goddess of fertility and birth . To the Shor, she was the guardian deity of newborn babies , her children and her mother, and the guide of the spirits of the dead .
4. person from
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[1] In addition , they called themselves Tadar Kizhi (тадар-кижи), Tatar (татар), and Tadar (тадар) .[2] Due to the reputation of iron products made by Shore blacksmiths, official Russian documents of the 17th and 18th centuries refer to Kuznetsk They were also called Tatars (Кузнецкие татары). In addition, they were also called Mras Tatars (Мрасские татары) and Kondoma Tatars (Кондомские татары).[3] From the 14th to the 17th century, before the arrival of Russia , they offered iron products as tax / tribute or sold armor and weapons to Dzungar and Yenisei Kyrgyz belonging to the Oirats , but were banned due to Russia's hostile relationship with them. Since then, metallurgy and smithy work was impossible, and the Shore people, who lost their income, paid yasak (tax in kind) to the Russian Tsar through hunting .[4] Also known as Solton.
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