boeing 777

It is a large, mid-to-long-distance twin-engine wide-body airliner developed by American aircraft manufacturer Boeing and the largest single- engine wide-body airliner .[2]

In English, it is read as Boeing Triple-Seven.[3]

The Boeing 777 was developed by Boeing for the size of the Guangdong body airliner between Boeing 767 and Boeing 747. Based on high efficiency, long distance, and high transportation, it became the most successful Cantonese commercial aircraft . The Boeing 777 is the largest double -portrait airliner, with a small number of engines, with 747 transportation and range. It is a powerful engine that adds strong thrust to the area where the Boeing 747 was impossible to operate, allowing them to pioneer several routes, and it is a successful model that is hard to find a major airline that does not operate. In 2020, more than 2000 orders, more than 1600 Boeing 777 were delivered, and inherited the long -range passenger major flagship status of Boeing 747 as a model that overcomes the limitations of double -foot jet airliner.

The development of Boeing 777 began when Boeing envisioned a new airliner to fill the big difference between Boeing 767 and Boeing 747 . At the time, Boeing wanted to narrow the difference between the original 767 and 747 by creating a larger derivative of Boeing 767 when Boeing 767 became ETOPS certification and became the first double -foot passenger to cross the ocean.

However, airlines wanted an aircraft with a larger body, high passenger satisfaction, and long range rather than an enlarged version of the 767 , and Boeing, knowing that there were limits to achieving this with the Boeing 767, developed an entirely new passenger aircraft, and the resulting airliner was the Boeing 777.

Boeing designed the 777 solely on computers, making it the first commercial aircraft to be designed solely on computers. Boeing began selling the 777 to airlines on December 8, 1989, and it was officially launched on October 14, 1990, when United Airlines placed a firm order for 34 777s and an option for 34 more. The 777 was decided to be equipped with a number of improved features, including a much more advanced glass cockpit than the existing 747 and the use of fly-by-wire for the first time in a Boeing airliner . In addition, the goal was to lower the cost per seat by 10% compared to the A330 and MD-11, and airlines such as American Airlines , British Airways , Cathay Pacific , All Nippon Airways , Qantas , Delta Air Lines , Japan Airlines , and United Airlines directly participated in the development of the Boeing 777, resulting in the 777 being born as a form that encapsulates the styles pursued by each airline. Accordingly, there were many requests from various airlines. United Airlines wanted the aircraft to be able to cross multiple oceans and operate in hot environments, and due to Cathay Pacific's request, the 777 was widened to allow for a 3-4-3 configuration.[8]

The Boeing 777-200 was available with three engine options: General Electric's GE90 , Rolls-Royce's Trent 800 , and Pratt & Whitney's PW4000 . This engine option is 777-200, 777-200ER, 777-300[9] It was maintained until then, and it became an advantage for airlines to be able to choose the engine they wanted. This was one of the good features that allowed each airline to be satisfied with the routes they wanted to deploy the 777 on, and ultimately contributed greatly to the success of the 777.

Boeing decided to produce the 777 at the Everett plant , where wide-body airliners such as the Boeing 747 and 767 are produced . Accordingly, Boeing significantly expanded the Everett plant and began full-scale production of the first 777 on January 4, 1993 . On April 9, 1994 , the first Boeing 777, WA001, rolled out of the Everett plant. This aircraft was a 777-200 registered as N7771, and successfully completed its first flight on June 12, 1994. The first Boeing 777-200 was powered by Pratt & Whitney PW4000 engines, and nine Boeing 777-200s, including those to be delivered to airlines in the future, were used for test flights of the General Electric GE90 , Rolls-Royce Trent 800, and Boeing 777s powered by Pratt & Whitney PW4000 engines.

The Boeing 777 began commercial flights on May 15 , 1995, when 777-200, registered as a registration number called N777ua, which uses two Pratt & Whitney PW4077 engines, was delivered to United Airlines , and on November 12, 1995, British Airways used a general electrick GE90-77B engine for the UK Airlines. He led 777-200, and in March 1996, the first 777-200, which used the Rolls-Royce Trent 877 engine, was delivered to Thai Airlines .

The 777-200ER, a type that can load more fuel by increasing the maximum takeoff weight of the 777-200, made its first flight on October 7, 1996, and commercial operations began with the delivery of the 777-200ER to British Airways. The 777-300, an extended fuselage version of the 777-200ER, made its first flight on October 16, 1997. At that time, the 777-300 held the title of longest commercial aircraft until the Airbus A340-600 was introduced. The 777-300 entered commercial service on May 27, 1998, when it was delivered to Cathay Pacific.

In 1997, Boeing began developing and approving improved versions of the 777-200 and 777-300, and full-scale development began. At the time, Boeing planned the 777-200X and 777-300X, which increased maximum takeoff weight, increased fuel capacity, and improved efficiency by using new wings and engines. As for engines, General Electric proposed GE90-102B, an output-enhanced version of GE90, Pratt & Whitney proposed PW4098, and Rolls-Royce proposed Trent 8100. As Electric decided to develop the GE90-115B, which holds the title of the most powerful engine to date, the 777-200X and 777-300X came to use only General Electric's GE90 engine. This program, called 777X at the time, was launched with the 777-300ER for the first time when Air France ordered 10 aircraft, the 777-200LR, which extended the range of the 777-200ER, became the second type, and the 777F, a cargo plane based on the 777-200LR, was launched with Air France placing its first order.

The 777-300ER's first flight took place on February 24, 2003, and certification occurred in 2004. The first 777-300ER was delivered to Air France on April 29, 2004. Since then, the 777-300ER has become the best-selling Boeing 777 type, with sales exceeding 800 units.

The 777-200LR made its first flight on March 8, 2005, was certified on February 2, 2006, and began commercial operation on February 26, 2006, when the first 777-200LR was delivered to Pakistan International Airlines. The 777F, a cargo aircraft based on the 777-200LR, was launched on July 14, 2008, and the 777F was certified on February 6, 2009. The first 777F was delivered to launch customer Air France in the same year and began commercial operations.

The above 200LR, F, and 300ERs are classified as second -generation Boeing 777, accounting for the highest portion of Boeing 777's sales due to the outstanding efficiency of General Electric's GE90 engines and improved range and efficiency. In particular, the 777-300ER has been sold for more than 800 units, and 777F is Boeing 747-400 F and McDonnell Douglas The company recorded a high sales volume, absorbing a large portion of the MD-11 F replacement demand.

Most of the 777's strengths come from strong engine output based on decades of improved technology. For specifications of engines installed in the 777, refer to individual engine documents such as General Electric GE90 , Pratt & Whitney PW4000 , and Rolls-Royce Trent .

Engines with strong thrust allow the thrust achieved with a large number of engines in the past to be achieved with only a small number of engines, making it easy to apply a large fuselage to a twin-engine aircraft. This leads to improved transportation capacity, thanks to which the 777 is used by Emirates Airlines , Air France , Japan Airlines , American Airlines , Etihad Airways , Aeroflot , and Jin Air.[10] It has a fuselage wide enough to apply a 3-4-3 configuration like airlines such as , China Eastern Airlines , and United Airlines . Additionally, as the number of engines decreases, it becomes easier to control output, which leads to improved fuel efficiency. Additionally, as the number of engines is reduced, noise is reduced, allowing the aircraft to operate freely at many airports that restrict the use of four-engine aircraft.[11][12] As such, it is only natural that an aircraft that minimizes the disadvantages and maximizes the advantages compared to the 747 will replace the 747.

The main landing gear is simply composed of two main gears and a 3-axis wheel. This is because it was designed to reduce weight by eliminating the number of heavy landing gears and to slightly increase operational efficiency, such as fuel efficiency and maintenance. The weight of the landing gear itself is considerable, but in order to store two or more landing gears in the fuselage, a storage space for the landing gear must be created other than between the wings and the fuselage, and various costs such as additional design and operation are incurred. For this reason, compared to other large models with three or four or more landing gears, the landing gear was simplified to two. To support the heavy fuselage, each main landing gear has three wheels, and the last three-axle wheel moves in the opposite direction to the nose gear's rotation direction to help with steering in narrow spaces when taxiing on the ground.[14] Only one side of the main gear, which is the steering direction and moving central axis, moves in the opposite direction. If you look closely at the landing gear when a Boeing 777 is taxiing at the airport, you can see that the last three-axis wheel is slightly bent in the opposite direction to the steering direction.

In addition, there is a competitor's aircraft that has two pairs of main gears and three axle wheels, and that is the A350-1000 . It is an extension of the fuselage of the A350-900 , and it appears to have been designed with 3-axle wheels due to its considerable weight. The difference is that the main gear of the A350-1000 does not tilt, unlike the 777. The main landing gear of the A350-900 is a tilted two-axle wheel. In addition, although it is a narrow-body airliner, Tupolev 's Tu-154 also has a three-axle main gear.

In addition to the three-axle wheels, the flap shape is also quite unique, especially the flap on the inner wing of the engine has the same design as the flap of the 747. Thanks to this, the takeoff and landing distance is shorter than expected compared to the size of the aircraft.

In addition, the main gear is bent like the Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Airbus A330 , so it is optimized for a smooth butter landing when landing , so it is also called the three butter machines along with the A330 and Boeing 787.

It boasts a long range and transport capacity comparable to that of the 747.

Among the 777 lineup, the 777-200LR is Boeing 's longest-range passenger aircraft. Currently, the main 777 used on long-distance international routes is the 777-300ER.[15] The 777-200LR covers almost every corner of the globe from Tokyo . (When buffed by the jet stream) Of course, the passenger transport capacity is 80% of that of the 747, but considering that it is a single-level twin-engine aircraft, it is amazing. In the point-to-point system rather than the hub-and-spoke system, larger aircraft have a greater impact on air transport, so for routes where demand is not certain, aircraft such as the 747 or A380 are advantageous because they are easy to become poor. Additionally, because it is a twin-engine engine, fuel consumption is less than that of a four-engine engine, and the cruising speed is slightly faster than the A340 .

The secret to long-distance cruising is the engine, and it began to shine when the GE90-115B engine was first installed on the 777. Because a fuselage comparable in size to the 747 must be launched with a pair (two) engines rather than four like the 747, the size of each individual engine itself is extremely large. To some extent, the diameter of the GE90, the representative engine of the 777, is the diameter of the fuselage of the 737. It is equivalent to[16] Among the various versions of the 777, the GE90-115B engine used in the 777-200LR and 300ER has a thrust of 115,300 pounds, and as of 2018, it is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's highest thrust and largest civil aircraft engine.
However, the new GE9X, which will be installed at 777X, renewed the Guinness Book of 134.000LBF at the time of its initial test.[17]

Sometimes, some 777-200 models are equipped with Rolls-Royce Trent 800 engines rather than GE90 engines , but these are also high-output engines with a thrust of about 75,000 to 90,000 pounds, so they cannot be ignored.[18] Due to the characteristics of the RR engine, which is relatively difficult to maintain due to the adoption of a three-stage spool structure and requires high maintenance costs,[19] It is used less frequently than the General Electric engine.[20] In addition, General Electric announced that it would provide $500 million to Boeing in the name of research funds, so after the 777-200LR/-300ER is launched, only the GE90 engine will be designed.

In particular, Korean Air is mainly deploying the 777-300ER for high-demand long-distance international flights, high-demand mid-distance, and short-distance flights.

These advantages covered many of the shortcomings of twin-engine aircraft, and at the same time, the advantage of long range made it surpass the A340, a similar four-engine aircraft from a competitor .

It boasts excellent versatility for mass transportation, which is also a big attraction for airlines. Japanese airlines offer first class seats on the 777 , taking advantage of its outstanding transportation capabilities .[21] -There are about 500 economy seats combined and it is used as a replacement for the 747. In the case of the 777-300/300ER and Boeing 777-9, 550 seats or more than 570 seats can be installed without all economy.

Additionally, because it is a twin-engine aircraft, it can operate at airports that have restrictions on takeoff and landing due to the number of engines.[22] The 777 can now be operated at airports where four-engine aircraft cannot take off or land. Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airways retired all Boeing 747s and replaced them with 777s and 787s . After the 747 was discontinued, it inherited the status of a long-distance passenger aircraft.[23] As described above, Osaka After Itami Airport banned the takeoff and landing of aircraft with three or more engines, all aircraft were replaced with Boeing 767 , 777, and 787.

Middle Eastern airlines with a lot of money mainly use the 777-200LR on routes between the Middle East and South America. Demand for the 777-300ER or A380 is low.[24] Because the distance is quite far.[25] In addition, Delta Air Lines, which has a lot of greed for long-distance routes, also used the 200LR type .[26]

Although this model has many advantages, it is ambiguous if you ask whether it is good for passengers. This is due to the poor seating arrangement. Although Boeing originally designed the aircraft in a 2-5-2 or 3-3-3 configuration, many airlines are adopting the 3-4-3 configuration for economic reasons. However, some airlines, including Singapore Airlines and Asiana Airlines , still use the 3-3-3 configuration, so if you happen to take a 777, it is a good idea to go to the airline's website to find out the seat layout.

Most passenger airplane economy class seats do not deviate significantly from the layout intended by the manufacturer, and in particular, although there are cases where the front and rear pitches are adjusted, it is rare to reduce the width from side to side. For example, the standard layout is 3-3 for the 737, 757, and A320 series, 2-3-2 for the 767, 2-4-2 for the A300, A310, A330, A340, and A380 (second floor), and 3-4-3 for the 747 (lower deck) and A380 (first floor). Except for a very few low-cost airlines, this layout is standard. There is no major deviation. However, the 777 is almost the only model in which it has become a trend for even the world's major airlines to squeeze the first row further than the standard design.

In August 2025, Korean Air will launch this 777-300ER (currently[27] It was announced that the 3-4-3 configuration will be adopted for the 291-seat version and that 12 aircraft will be operated from September after seat modification. # # However, there has been considerable backlash from passengers regarding the reduction in economy class seat width, and there has also been criticism that it contradicts the fact that Korean Air has been promoting the 3-3-3 configuration as a strength. The width per seat is narrowed by 1 inch from 18.1 inches to 17.1 inches, and the latest prestige seats and premium economy seats are also installed.

Boeing may have noticed this trend as well, and its successor, the 777X , is said to slightly expand the cabin space by thinning the fuselage walls to provide acceptable seat spacing even in a 3-4-3 configuration.

After receiving 112 orders of 777 in 1990, 1,911 units were ordered by March 2017, and 1,481 were led. Airlines are focusing on the aircraft long distances and high -demand routes, and many airlines have replaced the existing Boeing 747 to 777. Most US airlines have already retired the Boeing 747 on the Pacific route and are replaced by 777. In the case of American Airlines , the Boeing 747 is excluded and only 777 or 787 is added to the long -distance route. Korean Air also has a long -range direct flight line (Incheon -Dallas, Incheon -San Francisco, Incheon -Washington, Incheon -Sydney, Incheon -Las Vegas, etc.), which is not demanding to fill the seats of Boeing 747 . Korean Air has not signed the A350 by 2024, so 777 and 787 are expected to increase in the future. japan The Japanese government's private aircraft , which is operated by the Aviation Corporation, also retired 747-400 and replaced it with 777. Korean Air also retired 747-400 in 2020 and is putting 777. In addition, in the 2010s, he retired 747 with the aging of 747[28] 777 is being put into more places. There are not many places that are overflowing with 747-8i .[29]

However, due to the pursuit of the A350 , which was launched by Airbus as a twin-engine aircraft of the same class, and the performance of the Boeing 787, which has entered stabilization, the number of orders in 2016 was only 17, and Korean Air and Aeromexico are trying to unify their wide-body fleets with the Boeing 787. With the advent of airlines, the decline of the 777 was expected for a while, but instead, the 777-300ER, which has a transport capacity similar to that of the Boeing 747 , became the best-seller in the large aircraft market, and the 777 is still on the rise . In addition, unlike the existing 777 series, which is classified as a semi-large aircraft, the 777X series, which clearly expands from the standard transport capacity to the 747 class, is expected to become Boeing 's new flagship by absorbing the large aircraft market that was popular before the 747 was discontinued. The outlook is very bright.

At the end of 2021, all passenger models were discontinued, and when the 777F, the cargo model, is dan -mountain in 2027, the production of the original 777 is completely terminated. After that, the vacancy will be 787 and 777X .

The standard seat configuration for economy class is 2-5-2, but a 3-3-3 configuration is also possible. Originally, the seat layout of 2-5-2 was the standard seat layout of American wide-body aircraft that had been inherited from the past DC-10 and L-1011.[30] When the Boeing 777 was developed, personal IFE was not widespread. Then, more and more airlines began installing personal IFE at each seat, and each IFE box under the seat can cover three seats. In other words, in a 3-3-3 arrangement, three IFE boxes are required, but in the case of a 2-5-2 arrangement, four IFE boxes are required. This was inefficient as it increased the weight of the aircraft.[31] Many airlines that previously operated the 2-5-2 layout changed to the 3-3-3 or 3-4-3 layout while upgrading their aircraft. Korean Air used a 2-5-2 seat layout, but starting in 2008, existing aircraft began to gradually change to a 3-3-3 layout.[32] Now it has completely changed to a 3-3-3 arrangement. However, when changing from a 2-5-2 layout to a 3-3-3, some galleys and toilets protrude to fit this length, perhaps because they were designed in a 2-5-2 layout. As a result, the aisles become chaotic and the seating arrangement becomes ambiguous. See columns 37-39

Unusual seat arrangements include Jin Air and All Nippon Airways of the past. Jin Air , which was the first domestic low-cost airline to introduce the 777-200ER (HL7743) as a wide-body aircraft, had a mixed configuration of 2-5-2 at the front of the cabin and 3-3-3 at the back. According to Jin Air's explanation, the 2-seat seats are for honeymooners and other couple travelers, the 5-seat seats are for family travelers, and some 3-3-3 configurations are also reserved for those who prefer the 3-3-3 configuration. However, all 777-200ERs currently belonging to Jin Air have been unified into a 3-4-3 arrangement for smooth livestock transportation .

All Nippon Airways unusually adopts the 2-4-3 asymmetric layout on some of its 777-300ERs.[33][34] Although narrow bodies such as the MD-80 , A220 , and Embraer E-Jet family still have 2-3 seats, installing seats asymmetrically in a wide body with two aisles has been very unusual since the 1970s .[35]

The width of the 777's fuselage is a bit wide to accommodate 9 rows. Thanks to this, the relatively wide seat width has been well received by economy class passengers, but airlines are not willing to ignore this. Airlines that are not satisfied with the 9-row layout often modify it to 10-row (3-4-3) to increase traffic. 3-4-3 is a seating arrangement suitable for a Boeing 747 .[36] It's almost as if they were forced to fit into the 777, which has a narrower fuselage than the 747. As of 2017 , Air France , Aeroflot , Emirates , KLM Royal Dutch Airlines , Air Canada are all airlines, American Airlines , China Southern Airlines , Japan Airlines ,[37] Korean Air[38] , All Nippon Airways , Qatar Airways , and United Airlines have adopted the 3-4-3 configuration for some aircraft, so if you want to travel comfortably, check the seat map first. Related articles



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As can be seen in the data above, most of the 777s currently being delivered are in a 3-4-3 high-density arrangement, which is becoming a trend. Fortunately, Korea's Korean Air and Asiana Airlines were still ignoring this global trend. In other words, 3-4-3 is intended to increase returns, while 3-3-3 prioritizes convenience. Considering the service provided by economy class seats, the 3-3-3 configuration is an exceptionally high-quality service that can be boasted about, and Korean Air is also advertising it. Delta Air Lines, which retired all of its 777s at the end of October 2020, also maintained a 3-3-3 seat arrangement. However, Korean Air eventually decided to change to a 3-4-3 layout and applied it to the 777-300ER, starting with HL8216, but the retrofit work was canceled due to strong public opposition, and except for HL8216, 3-3-3 will be maintained for the time being.]

In the next generation 777X series, the thickness of the fuselage wall is thinned while the diameter of the fuselage remains the same, and the width of the cabin is widened by about 10 cm. For reference, the cabin width of the 777 is 5.87m, and the 777X is 5.97m. Even so, it is much narrower than the 6.1m of the 747. As an aside, the A350, which has the most similar cabin width to the 777, has a fuselage width of 5.96m and a cabin width of 5.61m, which is much narrower than the 5.87m of the 777 as well as the 5.97m of the 777X, making it difficult to arrange a 3-4-3 arrangement. A 3-4-3 arrangement was realized with an atrocious seat measuring 16.8 inches in width.[39]

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BBJ stands for the Boeing Business J et ET , and Boeing also produces 777-200LR and 777-300ER as a plan. As with other places, it will customize the interior of the board according to the customer order, and it takes a long time to India. It is now discontinued.

In 2019, the Japanese government aircraft was replaced with the BBJ 777-300ER from the existing 747-400 . On March 24, a duty change ceremony was held at New Chitose Airport , and operation began on the 31st.

Refer to Boeing 777X document. The new 777 series currently under development by Boeing. It was originally planned to enter service in 2020, but FAA certification has been continuously delayed, and commercial operations have not yet begun until 2026. The first delivery to launch customer Lufthansa is scheduled for 2026, but further delays are possible.[40]

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In Korea , Korean Air , Asiana Airlines , Jin Air , and T'way Air operate the Boeing 777.

Korean Air operates 4 777-300s and 25 777-300ERs, Asiana Airlines operates 9 777-200ERs, Jin Air operates 4 777-200ERs, and T'way Air operates 2 777-300ERs.[41]

The routes on which Boeing 777s are deployed in Korea are as follows.

There are many airlines that do not operate a single Boeing 777.

At one time, it rolled 777, but as of 2025, there are airlines who retired 777.

By 2013, there were three high -jackings , four relatively light accidents, six accidents that had subsequently disposed of aircraft, and three large crashes. There are four accidents of deaths. In 2001, a fire broke out while landing at Denver International Airport , and a fire broke out, killing one ground worker after burning.[62] On July 7, 2013, three Chinese passengers were killed at San Francisco International Airport . It is also estimated that 239 passengers and crew members from the missing aircraft were killed due to the missing 370 Malaysian Airlines, and all 298 passengers and crew members who were on board were killed due to the 17 Malaysian airlines .

All accidents to date are listed here.

In addition, some accidents occurred, and from July 18, 2013, Houston (IAH) departed from the Netherlands. 58 United Airlines, heading to the Amsterdam Skipol Airport, returned to Houston after returning to Houston , and on July 21, 2013, Pakistan 's 777-300ER Giga Engine Failed Moscow due to a breakdown of Pakistan International Airlines. He landed an emergency at Sheremeti Forth International Airport . However, they were not in the aircraft accidents on the basis of the International Civil Aviation Convention, and despite these small accidents until the two accidents of Malaysian Airlines broke out, 777 was still a safe airplane that entered the axis of the least casualties of all civilians. On December 7, 2016 (Korea Time), Asiana Airlines OZ521 , 777-28E/ER[66] The engine fire alarm rang and landed at Hantiman Sisk Airport near the Ural Mountains in Russia .

Although it was 777, which was famous for no accidents , a large disaster occurred after the Asiana Airlines 214 landing accident . On March 8, Malaysia 's MH370, which was carried by 239 passengers and crew, was lost and missing and missing . Takeoff from Amsterdam , Malaysia It was said that the MH17 (777-200ER), which went to Kuala Lumpur , was attacked by missiles over Ukraine , causing the story of 298 passengers to die, and the story of the safest plane is not known.

However, if you search the document, you will see that the accident of Flight MH17 was hit by a missile, so it had nothing to do with the safety of the plane itself, and Asiana Airlines Flight 214 was concluded to be the negligence of the pilots, with only conspiracy theories circulating in Korea . Considering that the cause of the Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 accident was largely unknown, no accident was ultimately concluded to have resulted in a passenger casualty due to a problem that occurred in the plane itself.[67] Due to the Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, safety is also receiving a higher rating. The fuselage hit the ground, rose into the air, and was thrown down, but not only did it not lead to a secondary disaster such as the main fuselage being severed or collapsed, but most of the passengers survived in that situation.[68] Even in the United Airlines accident that occurred on February 20, 2021, even though the right engine was destroyed and burning, the wing and fuselage structure itself was maintained and the Boeing 777 succeeded in returning safely with one remaining engine, proving the safety of the Boeing 777.

However, when only one FD is turned on, the low speed protection function is disabled.[69] I had a problem with it not working.[70] After this accident, a software update was made so that the low-speed protection function does not turn off even when only one side of the FD is turned on.[71]

Although there was no accident, the aircraft involved in the Korean Air sexual harassment incident is the B777-3b5er. It was exactly the case after completing the operation with this aircraft. The name was Ke073.