Chendushu

Journalist, philosopher, and revolutionary in modern China. He was the founder and first general secretary of the Communist Party of China, but he took responsibility for the failure of the first national-communist cooperation, was criticized as a rightist opportunist , and was subsequently expelled .

Born in 1879 as the son of a wealthy family in Anhui Province, he passed the provincial civil service examination in 1896, but felt skeptical about traditional academics and went to study at Waseda University in Japan and France. Later, in 1915, he published ‘ The Year of the New Year ’ in Shanghai, influencing the new culture movement . After the success of the Russian Revolution in 1917 , there was a strong conversion to Marxism. Around this time, at the invitation of Peking University President Cai Yuanfei, he became the director of the Literature Center at Peking University . Afterwards, he discussed with Li Dazhao the creation of a communist party in China, and with the support of the Soviet Union, he founded the Chinese Communist Party in Shanghai in July 1921 and took office as general secretary .

From 1920 to 1922, he led the education reform movement in Guangdong in collaboration with Chen Zhongming , and formed a communist group in Guangdong with Lin Cao-ham, Dam Ping-san, and Chen Gong-bao . As for Sun Yat-sen 's second law protection movement, he considered it premature and opposed it. In 1921, he arranged a meeting between Sun Yat-sen and Comintern representative Ma Ling , and when Chen Zhongming caused the Yongfeng Incident in 1922 , he broke off with Chen Zhongming and announced a declaration of support for Sun Yat-sen. After the third Guangdong government was established in 1923 , he served as head of propaganda and assisted Sun Yat-sen.

It supported the Hong Kong sailors' strike in 1922 , and expressed opposition when the Comintern ordered intra-party cooperation with the Chinese National Party in 1922. However, in the end, he agreed to the collaboration on the condition of reforming the Kuomintang and abolishing the oath of loyalty to Sun Yat-sen, and obtained membership in the Chinese Kuomintang . After the first collaboration between the State and the Communist Party occurred in 1924 , he engaged in the national revolution. Afterwards, in 1927, Chiang Kai- shek 's April 12 Shanghai Coup brought about the virtual collapse of the first Sino-Communist collaboration, and even as anti-communist riots such as the Mile Incident continued to occur, he made efforts to continue Sino-Communist cooperation by adopting a policy of concessions to the Kuomintang.

However, in July 1927 , even the Wuhan government decided to split the communist party, and when the collapse of the Chinese Communist Party was confirmed, it was eventually criticized by the Comintern for "consistently taking an opportunistic line toward the revolution." Afterwards, when the Communist Party leadership was reorganized according to the instructions of the Central Executive Committee of the Comintern on July 12 , he disappeared on July 14 and announced his intention to resign as general secretary on July 15 . At the August 7 emergency meeting that took place immediately after the Nanchang riots , he was held responsible for the errors in the existing line, and was stripped of his position as general secretary six years after taking office. Later, in November 1929 , he was expelled from the party, taking responsibility for the serious weakening of the Chinese Communist Party's power.

Later, he was interested in Trotskyism and collaborated with Trotskyists and took office as a general secretary of the opposition to the left. Shortly shortly, however, the organization collapsed by being arrested by the National Party in 1932 . Since his opening in 1937, he abandoned and turned to communist ideas. However, political support for Chiang Kai -shek and the National Party refused to be shaman. In the late years, he worked hard to write near Chongqing . Zhou Enlai , who stayed as a representative of the Communist Party during the Sino -Japanese War, also came to Cheondusu, who was hospitalized. Zhou Enlai handed over a lot of money to spend on the cost of treatment, but he refused.

Cheondusu, who had been suffering from gastrointestinal diseases, hypertension, and heart disease for five years of prison life, tried to rule the hypertension by drinking tea made of silkworm soybean flowers according to the private therapy. Even at noon on May 12, 1942, Chundusu boiled tea with silkworm soybean flowers. But that day, a few of the silkworms he used were moldy,[3] Heavenly Dushu, who drank the car, was shortly poisoned. Two weeks later, at 9:40 pm on May 27, he died at the age of 63 in his home in Subchangyuan (currently Chongqing) in Hansan Ping -si, Jangjin -si, Sichuan.[4]

Although he was expelled from the Communist Party and abandoned communist ideology,[5] Currently, in China, he is still evaluated to some extent as the founder of the Tang Dynasty . A statue and even a memorial were erected in his hometown. However, apart from that, the expelled party membership has not yet been restored in the official history of the Communist Party of China. However, his achievements as the founder of the Communist Party are acknowledged to some extent, and in 2021 , he was defined as a right-wing opportunist from the original right-wing surrenderist, and there was a reevaluation rather than a reevaluation. I think it's there but[6] In any case, the intensity of criticism has been officially reduced.

He and his original wife had three children, one son and one daughter.

The eldest son, Chen Yannian (1898-1927), and the second son, Chen Chaonian (1902-1928), were Communist Party members who were arrested and executed by the Kuomintang after the April 12 Shanghai coup , and are currently commemorated as martyrs by the Communist Party.[7] The third son, Chen Songnian (1910-1990), worked as an employee at the Anhui Provincial Cultural History Museum.

Chen Duxiu's eldest grandson and Chen Songnian's eldest son is the director of the School of Mechanical Engineering at Hefei University of Technology.

The second wife is the half-sister of the main wife. She gave birth to one son and one daughter. The fourth son, Chen Henian (1913-2000), was in charge of communication and education in the anti-Japanese guerrilla unit.

The third wife is 29 years younger than Chen Duxiu. It is known that she has no biological children between them and adopted her daughter.

Through 《New Youth》 and 《Chen Duxiu Selections》, Chen Duxiu made new youth such as Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhou Enlai appear, and even Kim Il-sung was influenced by him.

When Chen Du-shu was imprisoned in 1933, he received very special treatment. They had met in Shanghai and had a good friendship. Upon hearing the report, Jeon Ok-jang, who was in charge of the prison, told the guards, "While Ms. Pan is with her, she must not go near Chen Du-shu's room."

There is a tomb in Anhui Province, and it has been designated as a key cultural relics protection unit and is managed by the local government. # It is also a class 4A recreational area, and there is a memorial hall nearby.

It appeared in the non-literary passage of the 2025 CSAT.