Dongnyeongguk

Chinese : 東寧國 (Dōngníng guó)
Taiwanese : 東寧國 (Tang-lîng-kok)

Jeongseong Gong was in 1661 It is a time when the Dutch drives out and rule Taiwan Island . It survived until 1683 . At the time of the founding, the population was 140,000 and the population was 200,000 at the time of the Qing Dynasty.

It is also known as Chung's Kingdom , Yeonpyeong Kingdom , and Myeongjeong. In Joseon , it was mentioned in the Annals of Hyunjong ( # ) and the Annals of Hyunjong ( # ). 'Daeban' is one of Taiwan's tubular cars and reads Tāi-Hoân in Taiwanese . Taiwan is not a Chinese name, so before the Qing Dynasty, there are several Chinese characters, one of them. Today, Taiwan is used to write Taiwan in Chinese characters.

Zheng Chenggong devoted his life to the Ming Dynasty revival movement and almost regained Nanjing , the old capital of the Ming Dynasty, but ultimately failed. In the mid-17th century, when the Ming Dynasty fell on the continent and the new Qing Dynasty founded by the Manchu people came into power, Jeong Seong-gong suffered from severe food shortages due to the Qing Dynasty's coastal blockade ( Cheongyeryeong ). Accordingly, in order to establish a long-term base for the revival of the Ming Dynasty, the island of Taiwan, which was ruled by the Netherlands , was targeted as a base.

Eventually, Zheng Chenggong attacked Tainan in Dutch Taiwan . He formed an alliance with anti-Dutch Taiwanese natives and Han Chinese in Dutch Taiwan, rose up, attacked the Dutch forces, and captured Fort Zealandia . They also defeated the Dutch East India Company 's reinforcements sent from Indonesia and took away the entire infrastructure. Afterwards, the Dutch attempted to recapture Fortress Zealandia, but this time the walls of Fortress Zealandia became a handicap for the Dutch attackers, so the attack was not successful and they had no choice but to retreat. As a result, Zheng Chenggong's forces drove out the Dutch forces, occupied southwestern Taiwan, established a base there, and established the Dongning Kingdom.

The Han Chinese were absorbed into the Jeong clan's power, and the Dongning government implemented a policy of conciliation and worked to improve relations with Taiwanese natives who were not within its sphere of influence. Through the Dadu Kingdom , they attempted to form a system of resistance against the Qing Dynasty by improving relations by trading with the indigenous people and teaching them farming, Chinese, hunting, and how to make traps and clothes. However, in the process of expanding its power in 1661, it invaded the territory of the indigenous people, resulting in conflict between the Jeong clan forces and the Pyeongpo tribe in the south.[5] Jeong Jeong-gong oppressed and massacred or exploited the rebellious natives, and in the process, the Battle of Saroksa occurred, which led to the abolition of the policy of reconciliation. See the article for more details.

Jung Sung -gong established Dongnyeong -guk and established an independent social system with the Qing Dynasty. Unlike Daewol , Goryeo , and Joseon , where the system of the emperor and the emperor was mixed , Dongnyeong -guk was the title of the Yeonpyeong -gun King from the Nammyeong regime . Through this, Taiwan's history of Confucian culture was imported to Taiwanese native people, and Taiwan's history was incorporated into East Asian history.

Even after Jeong Jeong-gong passed away in 1662 and his son Jeong Gyeong ascended the throne, the anti-Qing restoration policy was maintained. During the third rebellion, he sent an army to take over part of Fujian Province , which was Jing Zhengzhong's territory , but was eventually driven out. It continued until the 3rd Jeongguksang , but was eventually destroyed after a crushing defeat in the Battle of Penghu in 1683 due to the invasion of Emperor Kangxi , the founder of the Qing Dynasty, who completely conquered the Chinese mainland. Still, the Qing Dynasty recognized the honor of Jeong Jeong-gong and his descendants, and after the surrender, the Jeong royal family of Dongnyeong lived with moderate treatment in the Qing mainland. For the subsequent history of Taiwan Island, refer to documents from the Qing Dynasty in Taiwan .

The founding purpose itself was hostile all the time as it was anti -Cheongbok name.

However, when the eldest son's canon inherited after the death of the rebirth of the anti -Cheong -san, the Qing Dynasty dispatched a reaper and demanded obedience, the Ming dynasty, and the outbreak. Then, on that condition, the canon was rejected and rejected after requesting the status of a tribute (for example, international status such as Chosun, Vietnam, Myanmar, and Ryukyu) as a military relationship and wastes.

At that time, Joseon was a time when the 18th King Hyeonjong and the 19th King Sukjong were reigning, and the existence of Dongnyeong Kingdom on Taiwan Island was known, as it was called Daebeon Kingdom (大樊國). At the time of the Three Rebellions, there were voices calling for joining hands with Dongnyeong for the northern expedition, but the distance was too far and the Qing Dynasty eventually suppressed the Three Rebellions and solidified its foundation, so it was abandoned.

In the 11th year of Hyeonjong’s reign (1670), a group of about 90 people dressed in Chinese clothes, barbarian clothes, and Japanese clothes had drifted to Jeju Island , and they explained in detail the situation in Dongnyeongguk and southern China to Jeju pastor Nojeong at the time. When the Qing Dynasty conquered southern China, while fleeing to Nagasaki to escape the oppression of the Manchus , they encountered a storm and drifted to Jeju Island. It is said that the Jeju pastor sent them to Nagasaki .

Meanwhile, in the Joseon Dynasty's record, Jeongmi Jeon Sinnok, it is said that 95 people from the Ming Dynasty drifted to Jeju Island in 1667 and requested the Jeju Moksa of Joseon to send them to Nagasaki, Japan. In the Jeongmi Telegraph Records, it is recorded that they came from Fujian Province in mainland China , but some in China and Taiwan presume that they came from Dongning Province, not mainland China. In the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, it is written that 95 people, including Im In-gwan, escaped from Fujian Province and came to Dongnyeong. It is certain that these people were people from the Dongnyeong Kingdom , who mentioned Jeonggyeong and had the power of the Emperor of Rongrye. Joseon repatriated them to the Qing Dynasty, and it is said that they were ultimately murdered by the Qing Dynasty. It is said that when they were taken away, they cried and refused to go, and all the Korean people on the roadside who saw them were outraged. During the reign of King Jeongjo, he felt sorry for this and held a memorial service at Hyeonchungsa Temple in Uiju.

Meanwhile, a rumor spread in some parts of Joseon that Dongnyeong-guk would invade Joseon to punish Joseon for betraying the Ming Dynasty and subjugating it to the Qing Dynasty, and this rumor seems to have become the motif of Jeong Jin-in, who appears in the secret biography Jeonggamrok . In the article on the birthmark of Unbu and Jang Gil-san recorded in 《 Sukjong Annals of King Sukjong 》, Jeong Jin-in is referred to as 'a person with the surname Jeong of the Sea', implying that he belongs to the Jeong Jeong-gong family.

He actively developed trade with the Edo Shogunate . Exports of rice, deer skins, and sugar to Japan and imports of silver , copper , lead , and cotton cloth continued until the time of its collapse.

Society or the scene was also rejected by the shogunate.

The relationship was generally not smooth because Dongnyeong -guk itself drove and established Taiwan's European forces. The relationship was the worst as the Dutch Taiwan was taken away from the attack of the Dutch, and since then, he continued to confront the Netherlands to recapture Taiwan. The Netherlands then helps the Qing Dynasty to defeat the Chung's dynasty. I was loving nearby Philippines The constant relationship with Spain continued to consider the conquest of the Philippines several times, from Jeongseong to the political and pole.

Meanwhile , the British East India signed a treaty in 1675, but continued to see the deficit, and the Dutch East -in -law had withdrawn without overcoming the company's pressure.

This is an important era for modern Taiwanese to learn about , as it was the first independent state or the first Han Chinese regime established on the island of Taiwan after defeating a foreign power (the Netherlands) . The Dongning Kingdom established a more systematic government than the tribal states of Taiwan's indigenous people, such as the Dadu Kingdom , and established its position as an independent state by signing a trade treaty with Britain as a state-to-state relationship. During the Dongning Kingdom period, Han Chinese began to flow in in earnest, which became an important opportunity for Taiwan to be incorporated into the Chinese sphere in East Asia.

Meanwhile, they were being driven out of the continent by the powerful (and illegal) regimes of mainland China. Starting with the goal of recovering the mainland , it confronted the forces of the mainland, and somehow had deep relations with Japan. Just as Zheng Chenggong's Dongning State suppressed the Taiwanese aborigines who had previously lived there to establish its nation, Chiang Kai-shek's Kuomintang regime also suppressed the natives who had previously lived there to establish its nation. It was a regime that had many similarities with the Republic of China in Taiwan, whether positively or negatively , and Zheng Chenggong also had many similarities with Chiang Kai-shek.

China Airlines ' call sign, DYNASTY, is to commemorate this dynasty regime. It is one of the pieces of evidence that still declares to the world that Dongning Province is the foundation of Taiwan.

Dongnyeong put emphasis on land development and foreign trade, because the Qing Dynasty implemented the Heavenly Order. The Dongnyeong Kingdom engaged in land development to solve the food problem, and among these, military development was considered the most important. This was to adopt the “Soldiers to Become Farmers” method, with troops stationed in various parts of the island of Taiwan to pioneer the area and engage in farming. Military training was provided during the farming season, and during wars, soldiers were sent to the battlefield so that the army could plow its own fields and become self-sufficient.

Dongnyeong sought to survive as a nation through various trades abroad. Instead of exporting sugar cane and deer skins to other countries, military supplies were imported from Japan, the Spanish Philippines, and Britain.