Guan Yu

A general under Liu Bei during the late Han Dynasty . His pen name is Unjang (雲長), and his original pen name is Jangsaeng (長生). A person from Haehyeon, Hadong-gun.

He is a general representing the Three Kingdoms along with Lü Bu , and is still a figure who boasts extremely high popularity and reputation not only among past Chinese dynasties but also among the Chinese public. He is a Chinese general with unrivaled recognition not only in China but also in Korea, Japan, and Mongolia in East Asia.

 more detailsGwanwoo/life documentcastPlease note.

 more detailsGuan Yu/Romance of the Three Kingdoms documentcastPlease note.

It was estimated as the Qing Dynasty , and it was estimated by the Three -Gyesan Seaweed Festival Wonjin Cheonseong Principal Army (三界 魔 大帝 神 神 趁 趁 趁 君 君) and a commonly known initiative.

In 1902, the period of the Korean Empire, he became an emperor, and he became a non -sulfur -sized monarch.

The posthumous monarchs of the Joseon Dynasty are usually royalty or monarchs of previous dynasties such as Dangun and Gija , but Guan Yu is the only person who has never been a monarch and has no connection with Korean history to be posthumated as an emperor, which is quite unusual. Before King Gojong of the Korean Empire, no separate title was given to him, but King Sukjong and others established Gwanwangmyo (關王廟) and held ancestral rites.

 more detailsGwanwoo/Praise documentcastPlease note.

Gwan -woo's reputation was praised by many people beyond the times, which was widely known through the novel's Three Kingdoms Delay , and his funeral was given by Jojo and Son -kwon , the leaders of the Three Kingdoms, as an example of an enemy army. In addition, the Later Kings of the Later Dynasty, along with the Tomb of Confucius , set up his gods in his tomb, the tomb, and celebrated the sacrifice.[12] It was a deep worship target that was the subject of private faith.

As much as any other country, China also has nationalism based on various classical histories including the Romance of the Three Kingdoms , and there were many people in it. From that point of view, Guan Yu is a famous great man who has been respected and loved by the people for a long time enough to be deified. Of course , it is correct to view that the concept of nation here is closer to the concept of Chinese people or the concept of the Han people, which began in the Qin Dynasty and was established in the former Han Dynasty, and continues today, rather than the Western-style national concept invented and used since modern times .

The Chinese highly respect Guan Yu, calling him 'Guan Gong'. Even today, about 2,000 years after his death, Guan Yu still has many fans, and based on this popularity, he appears in various games, movies, dramas, and comics, regardless of the country. In particular, the Chinese people respect and admire Guan Yu so much that they worship him religiously. In addition, characters based on Guan Yu appear in works not only in China but also in East Asia.[13]

If Kwan -woo maintained an alliance with Onara and completely restored his brothers from the country, the Ubi of Korea and China would have a crowd in Jangan, and the construction of the construction industry was reigned towards the Hapbi, and the drooling and six hands of the hands were in the middle of Namyang. It would have been possible to promote the world. This plan is the Yonghae Squadron , known as the Cheonhasam Branch in Korea .

The reverence of Guan Yu has increased, and later, it was estimated that the emperor, which was equivalent to the Lord Ubi, beyond the king to the king, and even enshrined as a god. Normally , Mugan was mostly a monarch of his immediate ancestors, and it was very exception to the later upgrade even though the family was not a royal family.[14]

In the beginning, Guan Yu was not a completely flawless hero. He was defeated on the battlefield and surrendered to the enemy. Due to the arrogant character, it was not harmonious with the people around him and made an unnecessary problem, and it was finally defeated.

But he had the qualities of a hero to overcome all those flaws. Guan Yu's endless loyalty to his lord Liu Bei and the image of Guan Yu returning to Liu Bi, his rival in power, leaving a strong impression indeed, throwing away the wealth and fortune he had already acquired as if it were nothing. Even after Liu Bei pulled out all the talented people and troops, the appearance of defending Jingzhou with all his might with only a few remaining troops was truly pitiful. He was a man who would give his all for what he believed in, and he was willing to lay down his life for what he believed in.

Gwan -woo was never the perfect master of the hundreds of times. Sometimes he was defeated, sometimes committed a mistake, and at the last moment he was named in the world. However, he kept the attitude of life that ordinary public and small citizens thought as ideals. Even if it failed, it did not yield. It was died to the strong, but was generous to the weak. The moment his tragic life finally said, paradoxically, Gwan -woo became an eternal immortality.

Gwan -woo 's Shihojangmu is a simple order, and there is no problem in that the intestines are generally good .

However, because the meaning of the Chinese character for radish (繆) in the latter part is not clear, there is controversy over how to interpret it. Because radish is ryu (謬)[15] This is because it has a negative connotation of ' reputation and reality do not match '.

If this is reflected in the interpretation, 11 of the 12 people who received posthumous titles in the Shu Han Dynasty were all good posthumous titles, but Guan Yu was the only one who received posthumous titles with complex meanings. Therefore, this posthumous title of Jangmu (壯繆), whose first letters are Seonshi but whose last letters are ambiguous, became controversial after the rise of Shuhan orthodoxy.

However, on the other hand, the Chinese character for mu (繆) has a positive meaning.[16] It is similar to poetry, but Ryu (謬) and Mok (穆) are not in common and their meanings are enormously different. Unlike Ryu (謬), which means 'something different in name and reality', Mok (穆) has the good meaning of practicing virtue and maintaining righteousness.[17]

However, there was no clear answer from the past, for example, the Ming scholar Jung Min -jung interpreted it as a mu -mu (穆), and the shelter was interpreted as Ryu.

Considering these controversies, Guan Yu's posthumous name Zhang Wu (壯繆) can be seen as a medium or flat poem with a mixture of praise and criticism.

Those who interpret the Chinese character Mu (繆) in Guan Yu's posthumous title as having a negative meaning cite the fact that, traditionally, when one wanted to use Mok (穆) as a posthumous title, it was mainly written as Mok (穆), and Mu (繆) was also often used, but when one wanted to use Ryu (謬) as a posthumous title, the Chinese character Mu (繆), which was commonly used, was often used rather than the original Chinese character Ryu (謬). It is argued that Guan Yu's posthumous name should be read as Jangryu (壯繆), not Jangmu (壯繆), and that this is an evil poem.

In other words, Mu (繆) is often confused in interpretation because it is also related to Mok (穆), which is an ordinary poem, but it is nevertheless appropriate to interpret it as Ryu (謬) in that case. This interpretation of the poetic law is the interpretation presented by Jin Su, a Shu dynasty figure in the next generation of Guan Yu , while discussing the posthumous name of Xia Zheng , and is consistent with the usage examples in the Book of Han , the usage examples in the Western Jin Dynasty , and the interpretation by Cai Yong during the Later Han Dynasty . # While there are quite a few cases in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms where Mu (繆) was used in the meaning of Ryu (謬), there are no cases of receiving Mu (繆) as a posthumous title in the meaning of Mo (穆) (except for the controversial case of Guan Yu).

On the other hand, due to the fact that other letters that share 翏 on the right are letters with negative meanings, including ryu (謬) in the case of the above-mentioned error and ryuk (戮) to kill, it can be seen that weight is placed on the fact that the character 繆 was used with a bad meaning rather than a good meaning.

On the other hand, there are some who say that Mu (繆) should be interpreted as Mok (穆), but No Pil, the author of the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, said that Jeong Min-jeong's theory is extremely reasonable. Jeong Min-jeong’s theory is as follows.

In other words, according to Jeong Min-jeong's claim, Jangmu (壯繆) is a Tongan character, and Jang (壯) was written as the Tongan character for Jang (莊) in actual poetry, so it is Jangmok (莊穆) and was used as a micro-poetry or Zen poem with a good meaning. Looking at the edition of Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Hwayang Gukji, Jangmok (壯繆) has been written as Jangmok (莊穆) for a long time. When this posthumous title was given, Jinsu recorded that the people at the time considered it an honor, making it clear that it was not an evil poem.

In fact, this posthumous name ‘莊穆’ appears as a Zen poem in the Book of Wei . Looking at the biography of Wen Yuan in the above book, Wen Wen Yong was mourned in Zhaoya (朝野) after his death after being defeated in battle, and was given the posthumous title of '莊穆'. This is consistent with Guan Yu’s example.[18]

In summary, it is as follows.

The posthumous ruler Yoo Seon gave a ‘hwan’ to Jang Ki, who died unexpectedly at the hands of Bugok, in honor of his contribution.[19] He was given a posthumous title, and in the Shu Han Dynasty, there were only a handful of examples of posthumous posthumous titles, and there were no examples of posthumous posthumous titles. In this situation, a particularly bad poem was given only to Guan Yu, but it is unlikely that the public opinion at the time would have considered it honorable, and it is also against etiquette to give a posthumous title with a mixture of good and bad poems. Therefore, Guan Yu's posthumous name should be read as 'Jangmokhu' and can also be seen as a sage poet.

 more detailsGuan Yu/Deification documentcastPlease note.

 more detailsGuan Yu/Other Creations documentcastPlease note.