Molotov cocktail

According to the police terminology dictionary and social conventions, 'a thing equipped with an ignition device or ignition device to burn gasoline, kerosene, or other inflammable substances in a glass bottle or other container and burn them when the substance spills or scatters.'

The expression for each language is as follows.

Because it is an improvised weapon, the required technology may seem low, but the oil to create the flame, the burning additives to increase the effect, and the glass bottle as the container are all things that are difficult or expensive for civilians to obtain in large quantities due to pre-modern technology. Therefore, Molotov cocktails began to appear in historical records in earnest in the 20th century, and although the identity of the developer is unknown, there is a record that they were used as anti-tank weapons during World War I.

Although there is no fixed origin, there is a view that Greek fire , used in the 8th century, is the origin.

As with automobiles , he was the one who changed the propulsion engine of tanks that used gasoline fuel to focus on diesel engines that use fuel with a high flash point, so the Molotov cocktail , which was an idiomatic name in European culture , has completely become a common noun. However, in the UK , it is officially called “Petrol Bomb”. Bomb )". Here, Molotov refers to Vyacheslav Molotov (Вячеслав Молотов, 1890-1986), Soviet Foreign Minister during the Winter War of 1939.

The Soviet Union started the Winter War by bombing Finland , and Molotov himself used media play to claim that the Soviets were not bombing Finland, but were airdropping bread to the starving Finns . The Finns, astonished by this absurd statement, began to sarcastically refer to the Soviet bombers as "Uncle Molotov" and the large bombs dropped by the Soviets as "Molotov's Breadbaskets."

The Finns reacted to this by saying , "The Soviet Union gave us bread , so in return we should drink a glass of Finnish liquor , right?" He made a Molotov cocktail and shouted at the advancing Soviet tanks , "Hey Molotov! That's the price of bread!" He said and threw a Molotov cocktail. At first it referred only to the contents of the flammable mixture in the bottle, but later it changed to refer to the finished product. It was quite a problem for the Soviet military, so one of their top bombing targets was a glass bottle factory, an essential material for Molotov cocktails.

During the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising , a Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw Nazi Ghetto made Molotov cocktails and used them against the German Wehrmacht and the Schutzstaffel, who were attacking to subdue the ghetto. According to what a survivor said at the time, on the first day of the uprising, when he saw German soldiers fleeing in a fireball after being hit by a Molotov cocktail, he was moved by the thought, “We can defeat even the invincible German army!” However, from the next day, the angry German army began using ruthless tactics of bombarding the building and destroying it entirely, making Molotov cocktails no longer able to fight back.

It has a simple shape with a flammable substance placed in a bottle and a wick inserted, but it is not as easy to make as its simple appearance suggests. This is because when using a poorly made Molotov cocktail, it is easy to end up in a terrible situation where the thrower's hand is leaking flammable material or the wick is falling out and covering the thrower's body with flammable material, causing the user's body to burn violently.[3] If you simply add flammable substances, the flame will not last long and will be extinguished quickly, or the burning oil will flow out and not damage the target. Therefore, to make the fire power stronger and last longer, you must add substances such as thinner , rubber , Styrofoam , paint , sugar , magnesium , aluminum , acetone , and potassium .[4] In the past, protesters mixed a certain proportion of cooking oil, kerosene, diesel oil, thinner, etc. into gasoline because if they put only highly volatile substances like gasoline, it would burn and go out in an instant.

Perhaps that is why, although there are unique methods of making Molotov cocktails for each place of use around the world, the technology itself is surprisingly not widespread, to the point where it is said to be passed down only as a vision of daily life . This is because high-performance Molotov cocktails must take time to be carefully made, but most of the people who make Molotov cocktails, activists and protesters, are chased by the police or even if they do not have a criminal record, the production of Molotov cocktails itself is illegal and they are arrested even if the manufacturing site is discovered. Therefore, Molotov cocktails were usually manufactured by a small number of people in hiding places. In that way, you add this and that to the organic solvent in an experimental manner. As a close example, in Japan , manufacturing techniques are said to have been spread through underground publications with strange titles such as "Nutritional Analysis Table," "Book of Bulb Cultivation," and "Bokbok Clock ." Likewise in Korea, each university is said to have a vision.[5] The most famous book in this category is the Anarchist Cookbook, but it was published several decades ago, so the content already written there cannot be copied. For example, the fertilizer bomb is made by adding various nutrients to nitrogen fertilizer and coating it, making it very difficult to make a fertilizer bomb, and the Molotov cocktail changes the shape of the glass bottle, so it does not produce proper fire power. The purchase of drugs that were raw materials for LSD was restricted, and cold medicines could not be synthesized into LSD by mixing other nutrients.[6]

What's surprising is that even without any special preparation, it has quite strong firepower even if you just plant it in oil and use it. The government did not outlaw the production of Molotov cocktails for nothing. In addition to this, if you mix something with the oil, even more crazy fire power is released. In particular, the secrets of what to mix with oil to make are the Molotov cocktail manufacturing visions of each university.[7] It is said that if it is made well, if it hits the floor, the fire will burn longer than expected without any additional measures, and if it hits a person, you can see the amazing sight of the fire not rising up but flowing down instead. A person who saw it said, “The fire burns with a sticky feeling.” In the end , the reason it was called a Molotov cocktail came from the fact that it catches fire well, has good firepower, and lasts a long time when mixed together. Just because something falls on the asphalt floor and breaks doesn't mean it catches fire, and just because it catches fire doesn't mean it burns brightly. It is not just possible to make it sticky according to the manufacturing method, and although it requires simple chemical knowledge and the ability to supply chemicals, it can be made by mixing oxidizing agents such as chloric acid/perchlorate, nitrate, and nitroglycerin so that the flame burns quickly and violently instantaneously.

During the Battle of Kursk , the Soviet Union rarely used Molotov cocktails with wicks as described above. Instead, they put sulfuric acid in a bottle filled with oil, mixed it with the oil, and then attached paper with flammable substances on the surface and threw it to ignite through a chemical reaction. Therefore, it ignites later than a wick-type Molotov cocktail, but thanks to this, the enemy does not even know it is a Molotov cocktail, and since you can put the bottle cap or cap back in place and cover it with paper or cloth to prevent leaks, you can hold it upside down and throw it like a stick grenade , making it much easier to throw. In addition, the material attached to the surface of the bottle is not attached to the spout of the bottle, but to the body of the bottle with a large diameter, so it is safe as long as you do not touch it foolishly. However, if there is a problem in the manufacturing process and even the slightest leak occurs, you may be exposed to sulfuric acid, lose the bottle, and burn to death on the spot. So, when making these firebombs, they had to be careful to prevent them from leaking. It is not a difficult upgrade if you have a little chemical and engineering knowledge. Even in Nazi-occupied France , the French Resistance , which rose up after the Allied forces withered the Pearl of Paris, used self-igniting Molotov cocktails using sulfuric acid called Joliot-Curie cocktails made by none other than Marie Curie 's son-in -law, Frédéric Joliot-Curie .

It was also a representative toy of student activists in the 1980s and 1990s , and their recipe for making Molotov cocktails included sugar. When sugar is added, it melts and caramelizes due to the heat of the firebomb. The melted sugar is sticky, so it is said that if a fire catches on clothes or other objects, it cannot be easily extinguished. This is the napalm I just mentioned .

Do it if you want! Even in a slightly dangerous broadcast, a Molotov cocktail demonstration was shown. In particular, the power of the Molotov cocktail made from the second beer bottle showed considerable power as the flame spread longer thanks to it being broken slightly in front.

As mentioned above, if you make it roughly, the firepower will be somewhat lower and the throat will be counterproductive, so it is surprising to be relatively safe for the thrower. Therefore, if you saw Molotov cocktails at the protest site, it means that the protesters were preparing for violent demonstrations from the beginning . For reference, when a Molotov cocktail is expected, protests are rejected.[9] Still, the protests that come out are just ignoring or[10] It is a surprise demonstration. Thanks to this, it is also evidence of responsibility when violence occurs at the protests. In other words, making a Molotov cocktail is evidence of planning illegal violence demonstrations that are not protected under the Gypsy Law.

In Korea, Molotov cocktails were used as anti-tank weapons during the Korean War in 1950 , and Molotov cocktails were not used in protests until the 1960s. It is said that the first use of Molotov cocktails for protests in Korea was at Seoul National University in the second semester of 1971 for street protests in response to the university's school closure order and the imposition of a quarantine order . Afterwards, as the attempted assassination of President Park Chung-hee occurred, anti-Japanese Even far-right groups used it intermittently, and as Chun Doo-hwan 's suppression of protests continued in the 1980s, students began using it. This is where the existence of the protest squad comes into play.

The Protest Squad is an armed group organized for street struggles at the forefront of student protests in the 1980s. First of all, the purpose of the protest was to inform many people on the street, and to do so, they had to march in the street, but since outdoor gatherings were restricted under the revised Assembly and Demonstration Act of 1980, there was no way the police authorities and Chun Doo-hwan would allow this to happen. So, the task was to somehow break through the school gates and go out into the streets. To overcome this, students formed a dedicated protest organization and broke through the police's defense line. This is the gunnery station . Their main duties were maintaining order at protest sites, hunting down fraudsters, and protecting general students. They were said to have always trained their bodies with military-like discipline and lived a thoroughly disciplined life. In fact, in the case of Nokdudae and Owoldae, the most famous shooting squads in the Jeonnam region in the early 1980s, it is said that the police were unable to catch them even after tracking down their whereabouts. The reason is that the leader of the organization is always accompanied by 40 to 50 SS guards...

In any case, the protesters threw a Molotov cocktail to the police to get time to run away when the police vehicle was assaulted and to get the timing of their lines. In the 80's, the uncles, who were in the middle of the student movement, claimed that the Molotov cocktails thoroughly thoroughly thoroughly thoroughly thoroughly throwed in front of the foreground, but did not throw them to match the foreground. When using a Molotov cocktail to stop the assault and shoot the current position, it tended to be thrown in front, but there was no such thing when using a Molotov cocktail to penetrate the mobile line defense. Due to the nature of the Molotov cocktail, which is put into the fire, the flames are often thrown in front of the police, and the flames have been overwhelming about 10 years before and after this .

At that time, the protesters' street struggle tactics were as follows.

It takes time to properly make the Molotov cocktails used in general violent protests as described above, so they stayed up all night the night before to make them to be used on the day of the protests, resulting in disasters such as people falling asleep while making them and igniting them on a stove, burning to death. Since it was made with an organic solvent, there were many cases of people getting drunk during production. As organic solvents evaporate little by little in the air, people had no choice but to unintentionally inhale the evaporated organic solvents while breathing. In the process, they manufactured defective products and suffered disasters from Molotov cocktails at manufacturing sites.

If the police accept this, it cannot be blocked by a shield.[13] Police maneuvering suits are contrasting, but it's often not eaten because it's just coating.[14] If the skeleton is annoying, the protesters are also thrown to the former riders who are in a densely formed manner, and they are relatively recent. Thanks to this, the number of police officers who suffered a Molotov cocktail is huge. Of course, if you get a Molot disease, it's not just a burn, but it's a serious burn of 2 or 3 degrees . A large number of full -time views have been around for this. Perhaps because of this, the police hospital is still the most experience of burn -related symptoms . When throwing a molar disease, the police who were burned by the Molotoveter were carried out so much that they were treated with the know -how to cope with the burn. At that time, the police and students were fighting bleeding each other, and there were no dialogue and peace. Literally, the bloody fight continued, and each other fought as if they were killed each other because they answered each other with violence. If you gather from Eui -kyung and from athletic rights and tell them to tell the damage, the soil contest will be held.

The injury that can be caused by Molotov cocktails is not only burns. The glass fragments that are blown in all directions as the illness are not as much as the debris of grenades, but it is very dangerous, but because of the fire that is stuck, it is often heated or a high viscosity flammable liquid. In addition, if you touch the mucosal tissue like the eye, it will have terrible results such as blindness. If you are wearing bulletproof hair, at least you will be able to hit the real name, and the suppression clothes will be prevented. In order for ordinary citizens to get there, they must be seen in a place next to the violent demonstration (!), And this is abandoned.

Occasionally, the cluttered people were hungry far away, not the target point, but this was wrong and burned into the building. The main places that fall mainly are asphalt floors or police, so they tend not to think of it. If you talk easily and pick it up without thinking, it is a special illusion for citizens around you .

In fact, there were quite a few cases where the molot disease that was wrongly flew into the building or car was often falling in the old days of protests. In 1997, a Molotov cocktails thrown by the college student protesters in Busan were hit by a junior high school student's face through the village bus glass window, and the students were in a big burn. In fact, in the 80's and early 1990s, the shooting training was held in vacation, and there was also a training in Molotov cocktails, physical training, iron pipe training, and plain and gathering training in the mountains. In this way, in the case of frequent protests, the building was used once or twice, and it was difficult to see a car parked for some reason. Even if it fits the Molotov cocktail, the car is rarely exploded. However, it was not said that it could not be junk. In 1988, a grandmother, who passed by the front of the foreground in the Molotov cocktails that Dankook University students threw during the demonstration, occurred in this fire. Fortunately, the news of the news at that time did not have a big injury thanks to the evolution. Later, in 1990, middle school students were hit by Molotov cocktails during the demonstration in Gwangju. At the time news

At that time, the Molotov cocktails were not thrown at the university protests. Throwing a Molotoveter was that the illegal violent demonstration was prepared in advance as mentioned above, and there is a so -called 'debt team' that photographs demonstrators in addition to the police who defend the protests. Threaders.[15]

Therefore, most of the mothers who were just dragged into the hands of their seniors or lack of power could not touch the Molotov cocktail, and most of them had the right to throw the molotov cocktails . Among the third graders, they are relatively deep sympathetic in the sports zone.[16] A video of the Associated Press that shows a fire illness from a mistake of a colleague in the streets of Seoul in May 1997. Audience

In fact, at that time, firebomb throwing and extinguishing teams were carried out together. There were cases where the number of firefighting teams was reduced if there were not enough people, but there were firefighting teams that carried water buckets or wet bath towels in case of an emergency.

In many universities, seniors teach juniors that "Molotov cocktails are not thrown directly at the riot police, but in front of the riot police. They are for the purpose of intimidation and demonstration rather than attack," but this is not very common at protest sites where large crowds and riot police gather, bleed, and fight. It was not observed. Activist figures rationalize the fact that they manufactured and threw Molotov cocktails, saying that their use was merely a tool for self-defense or to create a dramatic protest effect using fire .[17]

Busan , May 1989 After the May 3 Incident that occurred at Dongeui University and the enactment of the Molotov Cocktail Punishment Act in July 1989, the image of Molotov cocktails began to deteriorate. From the mid-1990s, when they were operated by those with limited protest culture, tragic results often occurred, and protests related to livelihoods rather than social issues were literally eye-rolling. Because they can be used for murder, the perception of Molotov cocktails has worsened since the late 1990s.

In fact, it can be said that in the late 1980s and early 1990s, when the use of Molotov cocktails was at its peak, the general public's reaction to Molotov cocktails was not one of hatred like in the 21st century. There was a tendency for it to be recognized as an exercise of the right to resist the Chun Doo-hwan government established through a coup , and as self-defense against the police who suppressed riotous protests , but since the late 1990s, it seems to have been recognized as one of the two main means of violent protests, along with gas cans. Since the 1990s, freedom of assembly and demonstration, citizens' political participation, and democracy have become established, and the police have given up the use of tear gas, so there is no longer any reason or justification for violent protests beyond Molotov cocktails.

In 2001, the government decided to restrict the recruitment of civil servants and private companies to the Molotoveter of the Molotoveter at the Ministerial Meeting. # #

In Korea, around the time of the launch of the People's Government in 1998, the government announced the principle of guaranteeing freedom of assembly and demonstration and no tear gas during suppression, and the activists responded with peaceful demonstrations, but it is rarely used. The use of Molotov cocktails ceased after being thrown at the 2003 workers' rally, the 2004 anti-Buan nuclear waste site rally, the 2006 Hysco worker protest, and the 2009 Yongsan disaster and Ssangyong Motors incident .

Nevertheless, it still appears occasionally today, as seen in the incident on November 27, 2018, where a man in his 70s threw a Molotov cocktail made of a plastic bottle at the official car of Supreme Court Chief Justice Kim Myeong -soo, and on November 26, 2020, when he attempted to forcefully execute Sarang Jeil Church. do.

In Korea, soju bottles are highly preferred for manufacturing purposes, and small bottles like soju bottles are especially preferred. Beer bottles were not used because they did not break easily when thrown, so riot police sometimes picked them up and threw them at students. As you can see from the exhibits at the War Memorial of Korea, large beer bottles are actually preferred for anti-tank use, and Molotov cocktails of numerous calibers ranging from Bacchus bottles to Molotov bottles were made at protest sites .

Somehow, it is often forbidden in chat rooms. However, ' XX ' is prohibited , not 'Molotovascular' itself, so it is hit by a side leg .

In the great route of Somalia, Chinese fishermen and North Korean crews were out of crisis by fighting with a molar disease against the threat of pirates with machine guns . However, it was more like a molot disease. Pirates who have been hit by Molotov cocktails from far away, so you might have avoided it. It takes a long time to make a Molotov cocktail from above, but simply put oil and planted it, but if you plug it in, it is weak.

In World War II, it was used in large quantities due to a shortage of firearms, and was used by any force that lacked weapons, such as the Soviet Army, Finnish Army, and rebels from various places. Among them, an unusual example is the British army, which deployed 'white phosphorus' Molotov cocktails called Type 76 Molotov cocktails for mainland defense. It is said that they did not break easily even when thrown because they used thick glass for safety. They even used this as a shell (...) for the Home Guard standard pipe cannon (...) that uses black powder, and it is said that although it did not break when thrown, it broke in the gun barrel and caught the operator in many cases. Fortunately, as Operation Sea Lion was aborted, these weapons were never put into service, but as time went by, they were forgotten, and their existence was forgotten, so it is said that there were occasional accidents before and after the war in which they were buried in warehouses and exploded...

It is rarely used for military purposes anymore because for anti-personnel purposes, smoke/incendiary dual-purpose white phosphorus grenades are mainly used, and for counter-intelligence purposes, thermite grenades, which can generate extremely high heat locally, are mainly used. Either way, its performance is much more powerful than that of gasoline firebombs.

Among the objects used in real life, the Zippo lighter, which was originally developed for military use, is most similar.

A video showing the power of a firebomb. The protest in the BTR.avi video of the burning Ukrainian protest site was the Euromaidan Revolution , and was a case in which the police at the time first suppressed it with force and became radical. The armored vehicle in the video eventually succeeded in crashing into the barricade, but failed to break through and collapsed . Afterwards, it was hit by an additional firebomb attack, and in the video taken the next morning, it was completely burned down and abandoned.

When Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense urged citizens to resist and officially taught them how to make Molotov cocktails. And for 24 hours, it became the most searched term on Google in Ukraine. However, thanks to the Ukrainian army 's unexpected propaganda and the rapid support of large amounts of anti-tank weapons from the West, civilians rarely had to throw Molotov cocktails at Russian tanks. Separately, protests against conscription in Russia intensified, reaching the point where Molotov cocktails were thrown at recruiting stations.

It is a weapon that often appears in works set in modern civilization. It mainly appears as an improvised explosive, which is classified as the lowest tier of grenade-type weapons at the beginning of the game , and often appears similar to an incendiary grenade that blocks the approach of enemies along with wide-area attacks with a flame blanket. Although it is not easy to make in reality, anyone can make it if you learn it, and it is not difficult to obtain materials. In works that feature item production, you can make a lot of them with simple recipes and common ingredients such as bottles and oil that drop as field objects or miscellaneous items. Unlike grenades that can be obtained, they have the advantage of being able to be made directly by collecting materials, so they are differentiated from grenades, which are full-fledged upper-tier throwing weapons, in terms of quantity rather than quality of throwing a bunch of firebombs that you have already stocked up on.[18] In particular, it is often seen in media set in situations where the social system has collapsed, such as post-apocalyptic or zombie apocalyptic , or when the main characters are gangsters, mercenaries, or terrorists rather than professional regular soldiers, and even regular soldiers often carry Molotov cocktails instead of incendiary grenades.

In FPS or TPS, 'Molotov skill or item' has become a game term referring to weapons that cause tick damage for a certain period of time around the point of impact. It has the same meaning as incendiary bomb, but perhaps because it is a word with a somewhat technical feel, it is not used often, but the term "Molotov cocktail" is widely used.

It is used a lot of Korean dramas and movies in the 1980s, and it is often used in the demonstration scenes. It has become a kind of cliché since it first appeared in the night of living bodies called the first modern zombies . In particular, there are many zombies that have been picked up just by touching the flame of Molotov cocktails. Left 4 Dead or Land of Dead . It seems that the general public can effectively use the fire as a weapon, and the effect of burning and burning in the burst of the fire. Of course, this is only a story in the game, and in the film, the main character is making it. However, this is not normal when it is made in a few minutes, unlike its own preparation.

A bomb type item added from Metal Slug 2 .

The name in the setting is 'Flame Bottle', but the sound effect is " Firebomb! " In Korea, it was translated as a Molotov cocktail . If you fall to the ground, you will get 5 times in multiple hits. Unlike grenades, the Y -axis is short and the X -axis is long, so it is good to sweep the mobs that are united.

When thrown at a living enemy, a direct hit is impossible and it simply falls to the ground and explodes. On the other hand, it can be directly hit by a machine-type enemy, in which case it explodes with the explosion graphic of a rocket launcher . The damage from a direct hit is 8, which is 2 lower than the damage from a grenade. When used in fat player mode , it turns into an alcohol lamp and throws the entire lamp. The graphics of the fire on the floor become very flashy, and a flame zone is temporarily created.

After Part 2 , it can be seen in all works except Parts 3 and 5 . Although the item does not appear in Part 3, the data remains intact, so it can be used as an emulator cheat like Stone and the Demon King's Gun .

The data mining of the Metal Slug XX PSP version has been revealed one unusual thing, which is significantly larger than seeing the explosion that comes out when the bottle is directly attacked by the mechanical enemy. It is the same as that you stacked two spaces vertically as a footprint when you fight Kraken . Thanks to this feature, in theory, when you remove the Kraken tentacles, you can hit 32 ~ 40 damage at once, and you can add 40 to 48 damage at a time in the Elder Centipede pattern.

The original mechanism is estimated to be a " wool missile " from R-TYPE II . The difference is that Molotov cocktails are widely spread from side to side from the adhesive point, but the amido missiles spread in one direction, and the explosion pours into the ground like a waterfall, not a big burst even if the enemy is directly attacked.

Consumed when using Merchant 2nd Job Alchemist's Demonstration and Merchant 2nd Succession Job Creator's Skill Acid Demonstration. The word pestilence gets caught in the swear filtering, so you can't call a Molotov cocktail a Molotov cocktail.

Demonstration is a floor-type technique that spreads over a cross-level area centered on the location where the picture was taken. After setting fire to the place where it was taken, if the enemy passes there, they are beaten. It is dangerous because the equipment can be destroyed with a certain probability when hit. It's obviously a bizarre skill that throws a Molotov cocktail but deals damage based on the user's physical attack power. Acid Terror, a skill that throws an acid bottle used by the same class, is also based on physical attack power.

Acid de Monsters is a technology that throws Molotov cocktails and hydrochloric acids together. It consumes hydrochloric acid and Molotov cocktails one by one. Unlike Demon Strate and Acid Terror, the user's physical damage is not worrying at all, and it causes a certain amount of damage depending on the level of intelligence. However, the higher the opponent's defense, the more damage it is, so it is a technique that causes the damage to the high -oriented enemies with high and high VITs. It is a horror target for high vit high steel equipment tankers on siege.

However, it was a factor in encouraging bot activity because of the need for collecting and making materials and making it.