order
Last Modified:
Redirected from 수도원
Category
Orthodox Church built in the foot of Mosesan (spontaneous warrior), which was considered Sinai around the 6th century St. Caterina Monastery
1. outline
Therefore, we must establish an academy to serve the Lord (Constituenda est ergo nobis dominici scola servitii) . We never wish to enact anything rough and laborious in establishing this. But do not at once be taken by surprise and flee from the path of salvation, which is bound to begin narrowly, even if there is some strictness in fair reason, either to correct a defect or to preserve charity. Then, as you advance into monastic life and faith, your heart will be enlarged, and with the sweetness of unspeakable love you will run the way of God's commandments. Let us partake with patience in the Passion of Christ and become inmates in His kingdom. Amen .- Benedict . 『The Capital Rule』 Preface verses 45-50. Benedictine Hyungwoo Lee Translated by Simon Peter Abba .
[1] These are the rules we have set for you who live in monasteries to observe.
[2] The first purpose for which you are gathered together is to live in harmony in one household and be of one heart and one mind in God.
...[8] Therefore, all of you will live in harmony with one heart, and you will honor one another the God who dwells in you, for you are the temple of God.
Order[1] Society[2] , Brotherhood (or Sisterhood)[3] , Institution[4]
Religious Order (修道會) is a group formed by religious leaders , and there are male religious orders and female religious orders.[5] Male monks are called monks, and female monks are called nuns. Among the monks, there are priestly monks who have been ordained and lay monks who have not been ordained. On the other hand, women's ordination is not allowed in the Catholic and Orthodox churches , but it is allowed in the Anglican Church , and some Anglican nuns have been ordained.
Knights , such as the Knights and the Knights of the Temple , are originally a kind of conference. It's not completely the same, but it 's a similar concept to Buddhism .
In a similar word, there is a 'monastery', where a religious order is a concept of a group and a monastery is a concept of a place. For example, when an organization called 'Wikihoe' has chain stores in Namu Metropolitan City and Libre Metropolitan City, both monasteries are the same but different monasteries.
In addition, when you see that there is a group called Seonwon in Buddhism as well as Christianity , it is a word used regardless of religion.
Orders are largely divided into closed orders and active orders . The monks of the Blockade Monastery stay only in the monastery for the rest of their lives and lead a religious life through prayer and labor.[6] The Order of Action engages in a variety of apostolic activities in the world. parish Apostolate,[7] Some religious orders make hospital wood, education, social welfare, medical care, publishing, and costumes worn by priests , while others make sacred objects used in churches . The type of activity varies from congregation to congregation. For example, religious congregation A mainly conducts educational work, religious congregation B mainly conducts social welfare work, and religious congregation C mainly conducts medical services.
The Society of Apostolic Life, as it is often referred to , is similar to a religious order, but according to church law it is not included in a religious order. To put it simply, a monastery or an apostolic life group is a group that adheres to strict internal rules, periodically renews the monastic vows of the three gospel virtues, and lives together. However, since it is difficult to make a strict distinction based on this alone, visit the website of each community to find out whether the constitution of the religious order has been approved or not.[8] , it is a good idea to check whether the Vatican’s approval has been revealed. In the introduction section of each meeting, it is stated that it is an apostolic life group, but in some places it is not disclosed separately.[9]
Societies of Apostolic Life belong to a category different from the traditional religious orders.[10] Secular priests, who are not members of religious orders, are dispatched to new mission fields, and various foreign mission organizations in which their duties are directly supervised are representative apostolic life groups.[11] To put it simply, it is a form that has been created because it is difficult to follow the traditional monastic life from A to Z as overseas missions are the main apostolate. The Women's Apostolic Life Group was also created due to various situations in which they had to break away from the traditional convent of blockades, and it is ambiguous to use the title "nun" because they do not belong to the order.[12] A distinction is made between Societies of Apostolic Life, which break away from the traditional form of religious orders, and Apostolic Orders (category of active Orders), which are more focused on the apostolate of existing religious orders.
Just as each school has a different uniform , each religious order has slightly different habitual clothing . Also, just as there are schools that do not have uniforms but wear plain clothing , there are religious orders that do not have habitual clothing but wear plain clothing. Representative examples include the Sisters of the Sacred Heart and the Society of Jesus .[13]
2. type
- Abbey: The monastery lives with monk and nuns and presided over by Dads.
- Convent: A typical monastery. In modern American English, it is translated as a convent, but within Catholicism, it is simply a monastery. Originally, in contrast to a monastery, it referred to a monastery where mendicant orders, such as the Franciscans or Dominicans, lived without the obligation to settle down.
- Priory: A monastery presided over by an abbot (Prior).
- House: A small monastery. It usually refers to a branch.
3. Catholic
[ Expand/Collapse ]
| ||||||||||||||||||||
In the Catholic Church , you can form a religious order with permission from the Vatican or a diocese . The following religious orders are only those that have entered the country so far, and those that have organized themselves in Korea. If you include those that have not yet entered the country, the actual number is really large.
There was a rule that 'women subjected to the Inquisition must be imprisoned in a convent'. If female inmates were imprisoned in general prisons guarded by male guards, there was a risk of sexual violence or molestation .
In Western Europe from the medieval to early modern times , monasteries were not simply religious facilities but also served as powerful, high-value industrial bases. Monasteries tend to aim for self-sufficiency, and monks must not only pray but also work. Therefore, the monastery basically had a foundation for self-sufficiency, ranging from farmland, orchards, and livestock to even mills, fish farms, and craft workshops, and accumulated agricultural technology through direct farming . Also, in the Middle Ages, when most people were illiterate, the majority of monks were intellectuals who could decipher letters .[15] Therefore, even in a situation where various technologies and knowledge were being put into practice in many regions as the Western Roman Empire collapsed and the entire Western European civilization became fragmented, monasteries were able to preserve and decipher Western Roman knowledge and technology through documents.
In addition, in the chaotic situation of the early Middle Ages , most monasteries were fortified to prevent plunder by bandits.[16] Not only did the outflow of personnel not easily occur in the closed monastery environment, but also a steady influx of young manpower in the form of new monks in a society where Christianity exerts a strong influence, so they learned how to make cheese , ham , wine , jam , weave lace , By the standards of the time, such as pharmacy using medicinal herbs , health hygiene, and medicine, cutting-edge and advanced technologies were stably handed down and developed. Prior to the late modern era and early modern era when industrialization took place based on these technological foundations, monasteries in Western Europe served as a kind of industrial-educational complex production base that created high added value.
In addition, due to the nature of monks who are not allowed to marry or own private property , unlike secular businesses where, if a mistake is made, property and technology base can be divided among descendants, resulting in a reduction in size, loss of power, technology leakage, or even a failure due to lack of successors, monasteries had a strong advantage in that it was easy for property or technology to flow in and out. Thanks to this foundation, it had a strong status until the early modern era when one of the symbols of luxurious clothing was clothes decorated with lace woven in monasteries. Even in modern times, where industrialization has almost eliminated its status as a high value-added industrial base, light industrial products such as food where long-term know-how has been accumulated, especially in areas where handmade production has an advantage over factory mass production, often have a reputation for excellent quality.
It was also used as a place of exile . There were quite a few cases where people who could not be left alive but who were difficult to kill were compromised by having them take a vow of celibacy and then confining them to a monastery. It is well depicted in the Crusader Kings series .
In Korea, the monastery and convent are also sold and sold for jam , ham , sausage , and cheese . The most representative is the German sausage made by the monks of St. Benedict . Recently, many non -believers have become easy to buy on the Internet. In general, the price is a bit more expensive than secular products, but it is better than that or more. Food processing industries such as wine , beer , liqueur , etc. However, it was a high -end technology on the heyday of the monastery , so it continues the technical know -how accumulated from the Middle Ages. In addition, the price is a bit expensive, compared to the mass production of factories, but it is not so expensive considering that it is a handmade by craftsmen. Unlike private companies that cannot exist without the pursuit of profit, the monastery is a structure that can prioritize quality rather than efficiency and profit if only the monastery operations can be obtained without any loss.
There are not many large monasteries in East Asia . The largest monastery in Korea is Chilgok-gun, near Daegu Metropolitan City. It is a Benedictine monastery ( Catholic Deokwon Autonomous Monastery ) located in Waegwan-eup . The largest monastery in East Asia is the Trappist monastery on Lantau Island in Hong Kong (location of Hong Kong International Airport ). It was originally located in Beijing , but when mainland China became communist in 1949, it was moved to Hong Kong, then a British territory.
For reference, in Korean Catholicism , compared to European countries, the authority of the diocese is much stronger than that of the monastic order, and the monasteries operate under nearby dioceses.[17] In addition, diocesan seminarians are mainly fresh graduates who have just graduated from high school, while religious seminarians are mostly bachelors in their late 20s with some social experience. On the other hand , in Europe , there is a trend in which monastic priests are treated as slightly more elite than parish priests.
The first Korean Catholic religious order was the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres . In 1888, two French nuns and two Chinese novice nuns entered the country and established a convent. The first male religious order in Korea was the Benedictine Order , and in 1909, German monks and lay monks entered the country and established a monastery. Afterwards, religious orders were established in Korea by foreign missionaries , and religious orders were also established in Korea by Koreans .
Typically, the Benedict Society , Cartusio , and Trapist Society calls men the monk and a woman. In the case of other activities, it is just called an investigation and a nun.
Since there are so many Catholic religious orders, they are divided into male religious orders (monastic associations) and female religious orders (nuns).
For more details, refer to the ebook , Statistics of the Catholic Church in Korea 2020 . (It is updated with new statistics every year or every other year.)
There was a rule that 'women subjected to the Inquisition must be imprisoned in a convent'. If female inmates were imprisoned in general prisons guarded by male guards, there was a risk of sexual violence or molestation .
In Western Europe from the medieval to early modern times , monasteries were not simply religious facilities but also served as powerful, high-value industrial bases. Monasteries tend to aim for self-sufficiency, and monks must not only pray but also work. Therefore, the monastery basically had a foundation for self-sufficiency, ranging from farmland, orchards, and livestock to even mills, fish farms, and craft workshops, and accumulated agricultural technology through direct farming . Also, in the Middle Ages, when most people were illiterate, the majority of monks were intellectuals who could decipher letters .[15] Therefore, even in a situation where various technologies and knowledge were being put into practice in many regions as the Western Roman Empire collapsed and the entire Western European civilization became fragmented, monasteries were able to preserve and decipher Western Roman knowledge and technology through documents.
In addition, in the chaotic situation of the early Middle Ages , most monasteries were fortified to prevent plunder by bandits.[16] Not only did the outflow of personnel not easily occur in the closed monastery environment, but also a steady influx of young manpower in the form of new monks in a society where Christianity exerts a strong influence, so they learned how to make cheese , ham , wine , jam , weave lace , By the standards of the time, such as pharmacy using medicinal herbs , health hygiene, and medicine, cutting-edge and advanced technologies were stably handed down and developed. Prior to the late modern era and early modern era when industrialization took place based on these technological foundations, monasteries in Western Europe served as a kind of industrial-educational complex production base that created high added value.
In addition, due to the nature of monks who are not allowed to marry or own private property , unlike secular businesses where, if a mistake is made, property and technology base can be divided among descendants, resulting in a reduction in size, loss of power, technology leakage, or even a failure due to lack of successors, monasteries had a strong advantage in that it was easy for property or technology to flow in and out. Thanks to this foundation, it had a strong status until the early modern era when one of the symbols of luxurious clothing was clothes decorated with lace woven in monasteries. Even in modern times, where industrialization has almost eliminated its status as a high value-added industrial base, light industrial products such as food where long-term know-how has been accumulated, especially in areas where handmade production has an advantage over factory mass production, often have a reputation for excellent quality.
It was also used as a place of exile . There were quite a few cases where people who could not be left alive but who were difficult to kill were compromised by having them take a vow of celibacy and then confining them to a monastery. It is well depicted in the Crusader Kings series .
In Korea, the monastery and convent are also sold and sold for jam , ham , sausage , and cheese . The most representative is the German sausage made by the monks of St. Benedict . Recently, many non -believers have become easy to buy on the Internet. In general, the price is a bit more expensive than secular products, but it is better than that or more. Food processing industries such as wine , beer , liqueur , etc. However, it was a high -end technology on the heyday of the monastery , so it continues the technical know -how accumulated from the Middle Ages. In addition, the price is a bit expensive, compared to the mass production of factories, but it is not so expensive considering that it is a handmade by craftsmen. Unlike private companies that cannot exist without the pursuit of profit, the monastery is a structure that can prioritize quality rather than efficiency and profit if only the monastery operations can be obtained without any loss.
There are not many large monasteries in East Asia . The largest monastery in Korea is Chilgok-gun, near Daegu Metropolitan City. It is a Benedictine monastery ( Catholic Deokwon Autonomous Monastery ) located in Waegwan-eup . The largest monastery in East Asia is the Trappist monastery on Lantau Island in Hong Kong (location of Hong Kong International Airport ). It was originally located in Beijing , but when mainland China became communist in 1949, it was moved to Hong Kong, then a British territory.
For reference, in Korean Catholicism , compared to European countries, the authority of the diocese is much stronger than that of the monastic order, and the monasteries operate under nearby dioceses.[17] In addition, diocesan seminarians are mainly fresh graduates who have just graduated from high school, while religious seminarians are mostly bachelors in their late 20s with some social experience. On the other hand , in Europe , there is a trend in which monastic priests are treated as slightly more elite than parish priests.
The first Korean Catholic religious order was the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres . In 1888, two French nuns and two Chinese novice nuns entered the country and established a convent. The first male religious order in Korea was the Benedictine Order , and in 1909, German monks and lay monks entered the country and established a monastery. Afterwards, religious orders were established in Korea by foreign missionaries , and religious orders were also established in Korea by Koreans .
Typically, the Benedict Society , Cartusio , and Trapist Society calls men the monk and a woman. In the case of other activities, it is just called an investigation and a nun.
Since there are so many Catholic religious orders, they are divided into male religious orders (monastic associations) and female religious orders (nuns).
For more details, refer to the ebook , Statistics of the Catholic Church in Korea 2020 . (It is updated with new statistics every year or every other year.)
3.1. Men's Religious Orders and Societies of Apostolic Life
- Congregation of Christ - Aloisio So, an American missionary[18] A religious order founded by a priest. home page
- Glaret Missionary Society - Seoul Seongbuk-gu This religious congregation belongs to Father Lee Mun-soo Gabriel, who runs and pastors the 'Youth Babsangmungan', an inexpensive restaurant for the poor in Jeongneung-dong .
- Conventual Franciscan Order ( Franciscan Order ) - The religious order affiliated with Fathers Saint Maximilian Maria Kolbe and Father Joseph of Copertino .
- Marianist (Marianist)
- The Mission Professor of the Word -In Hong Kong and Taiwan , they are the name of the Society and in Japan under the name of the New Year . The Hong Kong Society is Singin Middle School and the Japanese New Association is Aichi Prefecture He runs a Nanzan University in Nagoya City .
- The Salesian Order - A male religious order founded by St. John Bosco , a religious order that conducts the apostolate for youth and young adults. In Korea, Salesian Middle School and Salesian High School are operated. It is also the religious order to which Father John the Baptist Lee Tae-seok belonged.
- Dominicans (preachers) #
- The Order of Saint Paul - A religious order founded by Blessed Father James Alberione. We do the ministry of spreading the gospel through media such as books, videos, and recordings. He runs the St. Paul's Conservatory .
- Cistercian Order - A cloistered monastic order founded by Saint Robert of Mollem, Saint Alberico of Cistercian, Saint Stephen Harding, and Saint Bernard of Clairvaux .
- St. Benedicted Odirs Association -It is the oldest of the Korean men's council. We are doing various activities such as operating a publisher , and Gyeongsangbuk -do Handmade sausages produced by the Benedict Monastery of Chilgok -gun Waegwan are handed down by German investigators.
- St. Benedict, Olibetano Association -Yu Deok -hyun, a monk with James Maria Dads, and the second largest in Korea. Except for selling olive oil or wine in the monastery, the contemplative circuit, there is no special external apostolate.
- Augustino Association -Awarded by Augustine . It is also the capital of Martin Luther and Gregor Mendel . The current Pope Leo XIII belonged to the Augustine Association.
- Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus : The Congregation of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus is a religious order founded in Isedin , France by Father Jules Chevalier on December 8, 1854 . Additionally, over 2,000 members from over 50 countries are working to become monks of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in this world.
- Kkottongnae Brotherhood of Jesus - Kkottongnae Men's Order.
- Little Brothers of Jesus
- Society of Jesus - A religious order founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola . It operates Georgetown University , Sogang University , and Jochi University . Pope Francis originally belonged to the Jesuits, and Bishop Lee Han- taek Joseph also came from the Jesuits.
- Oblati Missionary Society : Gyeonggi-do It is a religious order to which Father Kim Ha-jong Vincentio, who runs the soup kitchen 'Anna's House' in Seongnam-si , belongs.
- Pentecostal Order of Peace
- Catholic Teachers' Association (Palotti Association)
- Seoul Catholic International Missionary Society - A missionary society founded in 2005 by Father Ludovico Kim Taek-gu, a senior pastor of the Archdiocese of Seoul , together with Cardinal Nicolao Jeong Jin-seok . It conducts missionary activities only for Spanish-speaking countries in Central and South America .
- Capuchin Friars Minor ( Franciscan Order ) - This is the place where we commonly know cappuccino ( coffee ) as the etymology.
- The Monastery of St. John of God - It is the oldest regular society, the Medical Service Monastery. He runs St. John's Hospital in Cheonju in Gwangju Metropolitan City .
- Paris Foreign Missions Society - It has contributed to the establishment of Catholicism in Korea, and currently only a few members are staying in Korea.
- Priests Society of Prado - Among the secular priests dispatched to the parish or serving pastoral care, priests who want to base themselves on a more affluent life, and their vows include "poverty." Bishop Job Yobi was active here, and even served as a Korean representative.
3.2. convent
- Christ the King Missionary Sisters
- Sisters of Camaldoli - Catholic Archdiocese of Seoul bishop He opened a traditional medicine shop on the second floor of the Catholic Hall in front of Myeongdong Cathedral . #
- The Society of Jesus - Sisters who mainly conduct women's education projects. In the past, it was called the 'Sympathy Society'. Daejeon Metropolitan City operates Daejeon Seongmo Elementary School and Daejeon Seongmo Girls' High School . In the past, Sungmo Girls' Middle School was also operated, but Sungmo Girls' Middle School was closed.
- Sisters of Maria -Sisters founded in Busan by Father Aloisio, an American missionary . The child and youth childcare projects are doing and became famous for KBS's documentary 'Heavenly Mother'. However, this controversy occurred in early 2021-2022 , which officially announced the end of the child welfare project in a place of apology press conference after the PD notebook broadcast. #
- Order of the Daughters of Mary (Marianists)
- Resonances of Mary - A lay women's community in the Catholic Diocese of Andong . Like a religious order, they practice common life, vows, and apostolic activities.
- Mary's small sister society -Gangwon -do He is focusing on pastoral activities to take care of the death of the death of Galvari Hospital, a hospice hospital located in Gangneung -si . It became famous for "Blue Bale Time" aired through KBS.
- Sisters of Seton of Love - This is a group of nuns that runs a bakery in Gwangju, which is famous as a rehabilitation company for the disabled.
- Salesian Sisters (Daughters of Mary Help of Christians) - A women's religious order founded by Father St. John Bosco , which carries out apostolate work for adolescents and young adults. In Korea, we operate Salesian Elementary School , Salesian Girls' Middle School , and Salesian Girls' High School . In addition, Sohwa Elementary School, which belongs to Gwangam Academy, a school corporation of the Suwon Diocese of the Catholic Church, is also operated by consignment.
- Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres - The first Catholic religious order in Korea.
- Blockade Sisters of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary (Visiting Society)
- Congregation of the Daughters of St. Paul - Congregation founded jointly by Blessed Father James Alberione and Sister Tekla Merlot. We carry out the ministry of preaching the gospel through various media such as books, publications, and recordings. He also participates in the production of Catholic Peace Broadcasting . She runs the St. Paul's Daughter's Confucian Academy .
- St. Vincensio A Paul's Daughter of Love -A community where Katarina La Burre , who witnessed the expression of Virgin in Paris , belonged to the women's apostolic group.
- Sisters of the Sacred Heart - operates Sacred Heart Schools around the world. In Korea, it also operates Sungsim Girls' Middle School and Sungsim Girls' High School .[20] There were also Seongsim Elementary School (girls' school) and Seongsim Women's University , but Seongsim Elementary School was closed, and Sacred Heart Women's University was absorbed into the Catholic University and became the Catholic University/Sungsim Campus . For your reference, since it is a congregation of nuns who wear plain clothes, not a monk's uniform , it is difficult to distinguish them from ordinary women by looking at their appearance.
- Franciscan Sisters of the Sacred Heart
- Congregation of the Sisters of St John the Baptist
- Sisters of the Disciples of Jesus the Master - A congregation of nuns founded by Blessed Father James Alberione. It is mainly used to make ceremonies and sacred objects. It is a congregation of nuns that produced the vestments and staves used during Pope Francis’ visit to Korea in 2014 .
- St. Clara Monastery -It is a blockade convent.
- The Sisters of Our Lady of Perpetual Help - The Sisters who created the Youth Bible Group . He also runs a school for the disabled founded by Mrs. Lee Bang-ja .
- Sisters of Jesus Christ
- Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and Mary
- Jesus Sung Economic Faculty Women's Association -The Family Affairs Association of the EPC.
- Kkottongnae Sisters of Jesus - Kkottongnae Women's Order.
- Jesus' Sisters of Jesus -Father Chul -hyun Cho and Lay -do Kim Joon -ho, a sister meeting.
- Mary Immaculate Conception Sisters of Educational Mission
- Sisters of Saint Francis, Knights of the Immaculate Conception (Knights of Our Lady)
- Sisters of Little Jesus
- Congregation of Carmelite Sisters - This is not a Congregation of Containment Sisters, but an active Congregation that ministers in parishes and elsewhere.
- Trappist Sisters (Strict Cistercians) - Makes and sells fruit jam. Internet purchases are also available.
- Sisters of Prado - Belongs to the Women's Apostolic Life Society.
- Sisters of the Blessed Martyrs of Korea[A]
3.3. famous rulebook
Ancient to medieval monastic orders were organized primarily through “ rules .” (* In monastic orders established after modern times , that role has been replaced by documents such as the ‘Constitutions’) There are many rules handed down in the Catholic Church as written documents, and the following four rules are mainly cited as having had a great influence on later generations.
- 『 Rules of Basil 』
- This is a rule book written by Saint Basil in the 4th century , and is the largest in length among the ancient rules handed down to this day. However, befitting the name “Rule Book,” the main content is answers to various questions that arise in monastic life. As proof of this, the official name of the rulebook is 'Asketikon ' , a Koine Greek word meaning 'precepts' . Currently, no Western Church monastic order uses this rule, and only Eastern Church monastic orders, such as the Eastern Catholic Church, have adopted it as a rule.
- 『 Rules of Augustine 』
- It is a book of rules written by Saint Augustine in the 5th century . It is very short and emphasizes communal life. The ' Canonici Regulares', a monastic system that appeared in the 11th century , is based on the Augustinian Rule, and is still adopted as a rule by the Augustinian Order , the Dominican Order , and the Order of Holy Singers .
- 『 Rules of Benedict 』
- It is a rule written by St. Benedict in the 6th century , recommending a 'settled' life, staying in a specific monastery . It is the most famous and widely used rule book, and is adopted as a rule by several settled religious orders, including the Benedictines , as well as the Cistercians and Trappists .
- 『 Francis Rule Book』
- It is a rule written by Saint Francis in the 13th century , emphasizing poverty, humility, obedience, and evangelical life. Unlike previous rule books that emphasized life within the monastery, the 『Francis Rule』 is characterized by its assumption of a missionary and missionary life outside the monastery.
※ The Carthusian Order is a famous medieval religious order with no rules . The religious order only has constitutions.
4. orthodox church
The Orthodox Church is not divided into separate religious orders like the Catholic Church, and Orthodox monasteries are independent of each other. In other words, there is no concept of a religious order at all. However, there may be organic differences in the way of monastic life by individual or community. In the Western Church, the Benedictine order is similar to the religious life of the Orthodox Church . The Benedictine order is not a closed order like the Carthusians, but it is not a completely active order like the Franciscans . It is just living the life of a monk (vita monastica). At the same time, according to the direction of the abbot or spiritual father, monks who need to go out and work on their feet go outside, and monks who need a single life lead a single life.
In the Orthodox Church, monasteries are generally under the jurisdictional supervision of a local bishop, especially those with the privilege of falling not under the jurisdiction of a local bishop but directly under the direct supervision of a higher ecclesiastical authority (the Patriarch or Episcopal Conference). called 'monastery'. The term comes from the practice of erecting a cross , a symbol of ecclesiastical authority overseeing the establishment of a monastery .
In the Orthodox Church, monasteries are generally under the jurisdictional supervision of a local bishop, especially those with the privilege of falling not under the jurisdiction of a local bishop but directly under the direct supervision of a higher ecclesiastical authority (the Patriarch or Episcopal Conference). called 'monastery'. The term comes from the practice of erecting a cross , a symbol of ecclesiastical authority overseeing the establishment of a monastery .
The Orthodox Church tends to think of monasteries more important than Catholics. Historically, Orthodox missions are often by monks, not priests or missionaries. The Orthodox Church calls the monastery as "pillars of the church," and even thinks that the monks are "those who live according to the gospel."
Unlike Catholics, even a married man can be a priest[23] In the Orthodox Church, it is not as good as a priest who is not married as much as the bishop . Thus, in general, the majority of Orthodox Bishops are from the priests.
Unlike Catholics, which emphasize common life, the Orthodox Church Lives tend to be higher in silver life.
Unlike Catholics, which emphasize common life, the Orthodox Church Lives tend to be higher in silver life.
- Savior Transformation Convergence -Gyeonggi -do Gapyeong -gun material -One Korean nuns are resident.
- St. Andrew's Monastery - Gangwon Special Self-Governing Province Yanggu-gun location - Originally a cathedral, it was changed to a monastery. There are currently no resident male monks. In the past, Athos monks came to Korea and resided here, and one Japanese and one Korean hoped to live a monastic life here, but the monks and the Japanese left for the Athos Monastery, and the Korean gave up monastic life and lives as a layman by translating for the archdiocese.
5. Protestantism
Through the Reformation, Protestantism, regardless of denomination, saw that the Catholic monastic system was wrong, so it got rid of the religious order. So, during the Reformation, monasteries were subject to plunder and conversion. However, the Anglican Church was reorganized as the high church tradition was revived through the Oxford Movement in the 19th century. In the 20th century, the Lutheran Church also formed religious communities such as the Sisters of Darmstadt Maria.[24]
Other Protestant denominations other than the Anglican Church and Lutheran Society have recently been interested in the 'monastery movement' as part of the 'restoration of spirituality'. Those who are in favor of this analyze that Protestantism is now pointed out by the fall of ethics, which is due to the secularization of Protestantism. The monastery spirituality, which is “in the world and live outside the world,” argues that the church is necessary for the church, and the 'community community' may be an alternative. For this reason, it is not a monastery, but there is some space for experiencing water life through silence and living alone. On the other hand, "The monastery pursues Catholic spirituality in many parts. It is not necessary for Protestantism.", "The isolation and mysticism originated from the monastery's unique culture contributed directly and indirectly to the birth of many cults in Protestantism, and the moral corruption of the church is separate from the secularization of the church and rather secular tools in Protestant missions The use of theater, etc.) has helped the church. ” There are some opponents claiming.
Protestant communities in Korea that pursue monastic life include Jesus Abbey, Donggwangwon, Diakonia Sisters of Korea, and Gnara Community. Other countries include the Taizé community in France[25] , Christian Mary Sisters of Germany , etc.
Other Protestant denominations other than the Anglican Church and Lutheran Society have recently been interested in the 'monastery movement' as part of the 'restoration of spirituality'. Those who are in favor of this analyze that Protestantism is now pointed out by the fall of ethics, which is due to the secularization of Protestantism. The monastery spirituality, which is “in the world and live outside the world,” argues that the church is necessary for the church, and the 'community community' may be an alternative. For this reason, it is not a monastery, but there is some space for experiencing water life through silence and living alone. On the other hand, "The monastery pursues Catholic spirituality in many parts. It is not necessary for Protestantism.", "The isolation and mysticism originated from the monastery's unique culture contributed directly and indirectly to the birth of many cults in Protestantism, and the moral corruption of the church is separate from the secularization of the church and rather secular tools in Protestant missions The use of theater, etc.) has helped the church. ” There are some opponents claiming.
Protestant communities in Korea that pursue monastic life include Jesus Abbey, Donggwangwon, Diakonia Sisters of Korea, and Gnara Community. Other countries include the Taizé community in France[25] , Christian Mary Sisters of Germany , etc.
- choir[26] (Anglican Church) - Korean Anglican Church located next to the Seoul Bishop's Cathedral . It is rooted in the medical missionary activities of the nuns of St. Peter's Convent in the Anglican Church in England in 1892 , and was established in 1925 when Sister Lee Bubi joined. In 2007, the Anglican Church of Korea produced the first female priest (Sister Katharina Oh In-sook).[27] In 2009, the second female priest (Sister Yangran Lee Elizabeth) was also produced. See item for details .
- Sisters of Seongbundo (Anglican) - Gyeongsangnam-do material in mass production . 'Bundo' is a transliteration of St. Benedict in Chinese.
- Oju Votive Sisters (Anglican Church) - Chungcheongbuk-do Cheongju City. 'Oju Bonghun' means the dedication of the temple of Jesus.
- Jesus Abbey (Anglican Church) - Gangwon-do Taebaek city material. American It is a non-denominational Christian monastic life community founded by Father Dae Cheon-deok (Reuben Archer Torrey III, Reuben Archer Torrey III), an Anglican priest. Although it belongs to the Daejeon Parish of the Episcopal Church , it does not bother to adopt the color of the Anglican Church in order to operate in an interdenominational way.[28] Therefore, if only one's heart is open, Catholics , Presbyterians , and Methodists can all experience a quiet and reverent retreat . See item for details .
- Korea Diakonia Sisterhood
- Chungju Enclosed Monastery - It is the first enclosed monastery of Korean Protestantism. It was founded by Methodist pastor Kang Moon- ho. From here, monks are sent to Protestant monasteries around the world . Wear blue monastic robes. See entry
However, for Protestant denominations that do not introduce monasteries, there are prayer houses as a response to monasteries. It is mainly used by believers to stay and eat while praying to God when they encounter problems related to their faith and spirituality until they are resolved. Most of the locations are in the mountains or remote areas, so it is no different from the monastery in terms of location. Therefore, some people hesitate to reintroduce monasteries because of the existence of prayer houses.
6. oriental orthodox church
Among the ascetics of the Oriental Orthodox Church , the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Ethiopian Orthodox Church can be considered as descendants of the Desert Fathers . Among these, there is a class of hermits called Bahitawi in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church . The Ethiopian Orthodox Church has a very developed monastic system among all Christian denominations.
7. Other Christian denominations
In the Assyrian Eastern Church, monks and monasteries existed in the past, but currently they do not exist . Today's Assyrian monks of the Eastern Church Culture is almost extinct. However, this does not mean that these churches did not have a monastic tradition, and they also historically had a very important and core monastic tradition throughout the Middle East and Asia . It can be said to be similar to other Christian sects in that monastic traditions and culture were very active and occupied an important position in the Assyrian Eastern Church, which dates back to the Nestorians . approximately AD From around the 4th century to around the 7th century , it could be said to have been a period when the monastic culture of the Assyrian Eastern Church flourished and blossomed. At this time , the Nestorian monastic culture was very important, and its influence is said to have extended beyond Mesopotamia and Persia , to Central Asia , and even to India and China .
However, the situation worsened after the Middle Ages. The Middle East , Near East, and Mesopotamia , areas where the Orthodox Church and Nestorians had traditionally settled, faced simultaneous crises with the rise of Islam . Even now, with the exception of Russia and Greece , the vast majority of areas where the Eastern Church is located are places where Islam is much stronger than Christianity . For this reason , unlike the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church is relatively under pressure from the power of Islam and is not recognized in Korea or in world history . In addition, a significant number of monasteries were destroyed during this period due to various political problems and wars within the Assyrian Eastern Church . In the early 20th century , the Simonov Massacre was committed by the Ottoman Empire, causing a great blow to the Eastern Church . Because of this, the monastic system also suffered a great shock, making recovery difficult.
In conclusion, it is true that the current monastic system has virtually disappeared in the Assyrian Eastern Church , and spirituality through parish priests is emphasized rather than monastic spirituality. It is known that the monastic system still exists in the Eastern Ancient Church , which is a member of the same branch of Christianity and the same Nestorian sect , but the Eastern Ancient Church is relatively small in scale, so it does not seem likely to have much influence.
However, the situation worsened after the Middle Ages. The Middle East , Near East, and Mesopotamia , areas where the Orthodox Church and Nestorians had traditionally settled, faced simultaneous crises with the rise of Islam . Even now, with the exception of Russia and Greece , the vast majority of areas where the Eastern Church is located are places where Islam is much stronger than Christianity . For this reason , unlike the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church is relatively under pressure from the power of Islam and is not recognized in Korea or in world history . In addition, a significant number of monasteries were destroyed during this period due to various political problems and wars within the Assyrian Eastern Church . In the early 20th century , the Simonov Massacre was committed by the Ottoman Empire, causing a great blow to the Eastern Church . Because of this, the monastic system also suffered a great shock, making recovery difficult.
In conclusion, it is true that the current monastic system has virtually disappeared in the Assyrian Eastern Church , and spirituality through parish priests is emphasized rather than monastic spirituality. It is known that the monastic system still exists in the Eastern Ancient Church , which is a member of the same branch of Christianity and the same Nestorian sect , but the Eastern Ancient Church is relatively small in scale, so it does not seem likely to have much influence.
8. creations
It often appears in works with Catholics . In particular, many works depicting the medieval monastery. In the RPG, it is used as a background of various dungeons thanks to its unique atmosphere and closed space composition. Palades are also actually a kind of water meeting.
A convent is also mentioned in the background of the characters. For example, in Billy Flynn and Roxy Heart's number We both reached for the gun in Chicago (the musical), there is a line in which Roxy Hark says that she went to the convent (The Convent of The Sacred Heart). In Six the Musical, Catherine of Aragon (in yellow) was furious that Henry VIII tried to send her to a monastery.
A convent is also mentioned in the background of the characters. For example, in Billy Flynn and Roxy Heart's number We both reached for the gun in Chicago (the musical), there is a line in which Roxy Hark says that she went to the convent (The Convent of The Sacred Heart). In Six the Musical, Catherine of Aragon (in yellow) was furious that Henry VIII tried to send her to a monastery.
8.1. game
- Sassau Monastery in Kingdom Come: Deliverance
- In the Civilization series, monasteries for each religion appear from Civilization 4 , when the religious system first appeared , and in Civilization 5 , they are integrated into one building . In Civilization 6 , the unique district of Russian civilization is the Lavra, an Eastern Orthodox monastery.
- In the Crusader King's series, the player can directly build a monastery by building a temple in the territory of Nam -Ryeong, and pay taxes. In addition, in order to stabilize the succession composition and prevent the division of territory, only one successor can be suggested or forced to propose or force the descendant to the descendants. In this case, the descendants cannot be married because they become a clergyman, they cannot get the power of the world, and if their descendants are interested in faith, they can reduce the guilt of the player.
8.2. novel
- The first episode of the third day of the Decameron is an episode in which a young man enters a convent pretending to be mute and commits fornication.
- Hymn to Liebowitz, Liebowitz Monastery
- Melk Abbey in the name of the rose .
- Grendel Monastery in The Girl Sleeps in the Sea of Bookshelf .[30]
- Silent Sisters of A Song of Ice and Fire , Silent Island Monastery
8.3. movie
- The Great Silence of the Grande Chartreuse Abbey.
- Augsburg Monastery of Gara with God.
- Sister Act of Saint Katherine's
8.4. cartoon / anime
- Klauström Monastery of Schwester in the Old Sanctuary.
[1] A religious order founded before the Fourth Lateran Council and directly authorized by the Pope.[2] A name that became common after the founding of the Society of Jesus in the 16th century.[3] A relatively modern, universal designation.[4] A word that classifies all categories of organizations covered in this section in church law, etc. Since it is a legal classification word, it is not used as the name of an organization.[5] In a narrow sense, the religious order also means only the male religious order. The women's order is also called the nun order.[6] If you want to know more, you can look at the Carthusian Monastery in KBS <House at the End of the World>.[7] The nuns who are active in front-line parishes are a representative example.[8] Adults, saints, priests, nuns, etc. who established an organization[9] The Sisters of Prado, for example, are groups of apostolic life that voluntarily broke away from traditional convents with the approval of the Holy See . The Society of Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul was officially founded by Saint Vincent de Paul (Vincent de Paul) and is an association of apostolic life approved by the Pope.[10] When looking for a religious order on the homepage of the Catholic Church in Korea, it is ambiguous because there is no distinction between the religious order and the apostolic life group.[11] Among the associations of superiors, where the highest officers of each religious order gather, the male religious order, including the Apostolic Life Group composed of priests of the Foreign Missions Society, is called the "Council of Superiors of the Apostolic Life Group of the Korean Catholic Men's Religious Association", and the female religious order is called the "Superior Association of the Korean Catholic Women's Religious Order" are marked separately. It seems that the Apostolic Life Group is not included in the council of superiors of women's religious associations, and it is not confirmed whether they attend the council of superiors.[12] For the convenience of her activities, she is sometimes referred to as "nun." Therefore, no distinction is made.[13] The Jesuits wear mainly cassocks, not plain clothes.[14] In principle, unlike the Frier and Sister Sister, the principle does not come out of the monastery.[15] If you look at Chaucer's Canterbury Tales , you can see that he ridicules 'mendicant monks who do not know how to read and go around reciting prayers', calling them ' no better than quacks and fake monks.' In other words, the society at the time also believed that “ a priest or monk must be able to read and write.” In a time when printing was not developed, monks directly copied or translated the Bible or ancient Greek books, and some ordained monks and other learned nuns even converted to Christianity. He also walked the path of a theologian or scientist . Representative examples of the latter include Thomas Aquinas and Hildegard von Bingen .[16] Of course , after the Christianization of Western Europe , attacking and plundering monasteries was also an act of carrying a huge social burden. However, this is not unconditionally contraindicated, such as the monastery of the Greek monk community , the Mount at the Greek monks , was plundered by the Latin Empire army, or the Sako Di Roman incident in which the churches and monasteries in the city of Rome were plundered in the early 16th century .[17] The Jesuits and the mendicant orders, such as the Benedictine Order , Dominican Order , Augustinian Order , Carmelite Order , and Franciscan Order , are active dioceses because they are directly under the Vatican . The bishop 's magisterium cannot have much influence. For example, if a monk belonging to the above religious order commits an accident within the relevant diocese, only the Pope and the superior of the religious order have the authority to discipline the religious. However, what should not be misunderstood is that it is the bishop of the relevant diocese who decides on the activities of Catholic organizations, regardless of their type. Therefore, the bishop of the diocese can, with a single word, expel the religious orders listed above from his diocese, or It is also possible to transfer the pastoral facilities and apostolate to the jurisdiction of the diocese. Additionally, even seminarians belonging to a religious order must ultimately be ordained in the diocese where they are active.[18] He is also a person who greatly influenced Father John the Baptist Lee Tae- seok.[A] 19.1 19.2 19.3 A Buddhist monk's religious order founded by Father Leo Bang Yoo-ryong, a Korean from the Catholic Archdiocese of Seoul .[20] Jeonju Sacred Heart Girls' Middle School and Jeonju Sacred Heart Girls' High School are not operated by the Sisters of the Sacred Heart , but by the Catholic Diocese of Jeonju .[23] In the Orthodox Church , it is possible for a man who is already married to receive Holy Orders , but it is impossible to marry after receiving the Sacrament of Holy Orders. You cannot remarry even after your wife has died.[24] There are no Lutheran monasteries in Korea yet .[25] Dan Taizé is not only a Protestant religious community, but an ecumenical community. Protestant and Catholic monks live together.[26] The Holy Family means the Holy Cross .[27] As explained in the outline, it has become quite an issue because it is impossible in the Catholic / Orthodox Church .[28] Of course, the minimum colors such as the Angelus Prayer and the Divine Office stand out.[29] It is a prestigious religious order in Demacia. The priests and paladins who join this order do not marry throughout their lives and instead help commoners or fight against enemies.[30] Although the genre is fantasy, the author borrowed many parts from the Middle Ages, so it is safe to view it as a medieval monastery.
This document is available under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 KR. (except for some documents and illustrations where licenses are specified)
The copyright of the contributed document belongs to each contributor, and each contributor owns the copyright of the part they contribute.