Ceara

A state located in northeastern Brazil , its capital is Fortaleza .

It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the north , Rio Grande do Norte and Paraiba to the east, Pernambuco to the south, and Piaui to the west . The average temperature ranges from 22 to 36 degrees, with coastal areas affected by the trade winds being hot and humid, and semi-arid areas at high altitudes very hot and dry. The season is largely divided into a rainy season and a dry season, and the rainy season begins between January and March and lasts until June. The dry season is from July to December.

In 1534, the Portuguese attempted to settle for the first time, but in 1603, the Portuguese settled the settlement of the Portuguese in 1603, constructing a fortress near the Seara River Estuary and a settlement called Nova Lis Boa. But drought failed in a year. In 1590, France occupied the northern coast of Brazil and formed a cooperative relationship with the Aboriginal people. In 1612, the French army withdrew and changed its name to a fortress for the Fortza .

The region was invaded by the Dutch twice, in 1637 and 1649 . In 1637, the Dutch, allied with the natives, occupied the fortress of Sao Bastiano and controlled Ceara. The Dutch expanded their presence in Ceara and made alliances with other native tribes. However, in 1644 the Portuguese-native allies captured the fortress of Sao Sebastiao and drove the Europeans out. Later, when silver mines were discovered in Ceara, the Dutch returned in 1649 and built a new fortress on the bank of the Pajeu River, but in 1654 the Portuguese reoccupied it and renamed it Fortalza de Nusa Senura de Asunju.[1] In 1661, the Dutch formally ceded the territory of Brazil to the Kingdom of Portugal, ending disputes in the region. In 1680, Ceara was incorporated into the state of Pernambuco. The current state of Ceará was divided in 1799.

In the 19th century, the cotton industry flourished in the northeastern region, and Seara was the center of it. In 1812, a customs house was established in Fortaleza, and voyages to Europe increased. In 1954, the state's first university, the Federal University of Ceara, was established.