girl preferences

As a child, he tends to prefer girls more than boys .

Until the 1990s, the preference for boys was prevalent in Korea, but since the 2000s, the perception that one must have children has been greatly diluted and the preference for boys has also decreased. In the case of Korea, in a survey conducted in 44 countries in 2025, when asked which gender they would like if they could only have one child, 28% of people answered "I want a daughter," ranking first among the 44 countries in preferring a daughter, followed by Japan, the Philippines, and Spain (26%), and Bangladesh (24%).

On the surface, human society pursues equality, but in reality, it imposes more social responsibilities on men. This can be inferred from the fact that around the world, the conscription system is effectively used as a 'male conscription system' and that even in Israel , which implements a female conscription system, women are more likely to be exempted from military service than men, are easier to switch to alternative service, or are often deployed to the rear rather than serving in combat units.[1] In addition, the burden on men is relatively greater, such as requiring men to have higher economic power than women. Especially if you are the eldest son . Some people want to have daughters because they do not want to pass on this responsibility only to their sons.

Expectations for specific gender roles for girls, such as supporting and caring for them in old age, may lead to a preference for girls. Naturally, feminist circles that criticize these gender roles also criticize this preference for girls, saying that it acts as oppression that forces certain gender roles. According to a study by Hanyang University's Graduate School of Clinical Nursing, 82.4% of family members caring for elderly people with dementia were women, of which 42.4% were daughters, while only 15.2% were sons. #

This applies only to countries with male-only conscription, not to countries with a conscription system , countries with a female conscription system , or countries without a military .

The slow advancement into society due to military service is a particular problem, but especially in the 2010s, an increasing number of young people claim that they are anxious about raising boys due to the impact of various incidents and accidents within the military . Refer to the JoongAng Ilbo article . In particular, the number of such people increased after the murder of a medic in the 28th Infantry Division (April 7, 2014), in which unfair treatment occurred in all aspects, including management and post-mortem sentencing . The abuse of power incident between Captain Park Chan-ju and his wife gave wings to this atmosphere, and the atmosphere of not wanting to leave my son in the hands of such people became widespread, making the preference for female children even stronger. Because they do not want their children to experience military service/post-discharge trauma, they have developed a phenomenon in which they no longer prefer to have or raise sons because they feel that only their sons will continue to suffer. There is a possibility that women will be conscripted as the birth rate is decreasing , but in order to send women to the military, the institutional problem must be changed or another solution must be used. No one knows how long it will take for such a solution to be found, and the institutional problem is that changing only one or two systems does not make conscription of women possible.

There are many institutional structures and facilities that need to be introduced or overhauled in the existing military, so it is clear that it is impossible right now. As of now, it is reasonable to assume that only men will be conscripted. Of course, if military resources become truly scarce and there are no other measures, the conscription of women will no longer be able to be postponed. In fact, starting in the 2020s, the political world is clearly considering female conscription . However, even if women are conscripted, the men and women will naturally live separately, a large number of existing female military officers and non-commissioned officers will be deployed, and male contact will be largely limited except when high-ranking executives come directly to manage/supervise the female military units. It is impossible to know what kind of incident will occur in the female military. The public opinion for and against this is also strong.

It is said that in Russia, too, due to the notoriously harsh conscription system, many women were reluctant to give birth or gave birth abroad.

In addition to the difficulty of raising children , there are also stories that it is more difficult to give birth to a boy during pregnancy , and this also has a significant impact on the preference for female children. This is because female babies are better when it comes to choosing a gender to give birth, which is less burdensome and safer for the pregnant mother. In fact, research shows that women prefer daughters more than men . However, this is an issue that is only discussed because of the risks to the mother during childbirth, and in reality, men's preference for daughters plays a greater role.

In terms of the difficulty of parenting, it is also similar to the prejudice of the son and the daughter, but because the speed and aspect of the growth of boys and girls is different, the parenting method of boys and girls is different. However, in general, there are many evaluations that girls' difficulty in parenting is easier than remaining, and more and more people prefer to be able to grow relatively easy and easy because they will be weaker than those in their 20s.

Boys are born with a more pronounced athletic tendency than girls, and by playing with them, disciplining them, or engaging in any other activity, they become physically stronger . Some parents, who feel burdened , find it difficult to have boys . There are cases where a young son damages property while playing in a small commercial facility such as a convenience store or pharmacy , and the parents have to compensate . In particular, during adolescence , there is a possibility that very bad cases of physically deviant behavior (so-called physical fights) or threats to parents may occur.[2] However, in many cases, it is a case-by-case basis , and as previously mentioned, the parents' behavior rather than the gender often determines the child's behavior, so do not conclude that the difficulty of raising a girl child is better simply because the son is unable to control his excessive physical strength and is active, and the daughter quietly plays with dolls and only has emotional conversations. In fact, one study found that adults approach girls verbally and approach boys behaviorally.

In relation to this, among parents who have given birth to children, there are those who significantly deny the values ​​related to social gender roles in the modern era. Since men and women have different tendencies from birth, it is said that in most cases, boys will like aggressive things, and girls will like emotional things, even if you do not force them to give it social meaning.

To put it simply, no matter how much you raise your son like your daughter, it is absolutely useless and there are limits, and vice versa, and he argues that “there are differences between men and women that are present from birth.” Overseas, there is the David Reimer case. This happened in the early days when gender reassignment surgery was being studied , and unfortunately, the person involved committed suicide due to the vicious actions of John Money, who was the doctor in charge at the time. Even at that time, no matter how much a person was raised to look like a woman, they were unable to provide a fundamental answer, and although gender reassignment surgery has improved day by day, it is not possible to completely change all the hormones in the body to those of the opposite sex, as it is noticeable in the innate physical skeleton, and even if they are changed, the brain structure that has been determined since birth does not change. Even after the development of hormones and gender reassignment surgery, no clear answer or principle has been revealed despite efforts to teach sons as daughters and daughters as sons based on social gender role values. Related video

Whether it is a double or a single earnings, it is socially required by men, so the time to handle parenting is relatively many, and women are especially different in ways and values.[3] It is often difficult to raise a son or complain.

However, the actual difficulty of parenting is usually difficult for boys at first but easy later, and easy for girls at first but difficult later, but this is also a case-by-case basis .

According to the 2020 Judicial Yearbook published by the Supreme Court , the Constitutional institution of the Republic of Korea,[4] Eight out of 10 are men.

If a child who is a minor commits a crime even once, the damage to the parents is great, so the possibility that the child commits a crime is even slightly higher is not a problem that can be overlooked from the parent's point of view. In particular, as the awareness of juvenile delinquents has recently become more severe in society and the punishment for juvenile delinquents has been strengthened day by day, this is a factor that avoids boys who are more likely to commit juvenile crimes or delinquents and prefers girls. becoming one of[5]

Accordingly, boys are overlaid with negative images from the beginning of their growth, and girls' relatively cute, likable, and soft images are emphasized, creating a structure that naturally leads to a preference for girls in people's minds.

Strictly speaking, it is safe to say that there are no countries that have traditionally prefered girls. Whether it was a clan society, a tribe society, or a monarchy, power was held by men, and the men handed over to the son. Of course, sometimes my daughter inherited, but it was because there was no immediate son, and the daughter who inherited the power inherited the power to his son.[6]

Thailand, a country with a constitutional monarchy and a male-dominated religion with Buddhism as its state religion , is clearly a traditionally patriarchal society and a self-evidently male-centered society. It can never be considered a country with a strong passport. As Thailand was at war with Cambodia for a long time and many of the men were taken to the military and killed, women took on almost all of the domestic affairs, and the ruling party became relatively stronger. It became a tradition for men to dress as women to avoid being taken to the battlefield, and there is a widespread perception that cross-dressers and transgender people are emotionally tolerated in Thailand.

Of course, there are other reasons that are uncomfortable to talk about openly. Thailand is a country that relies heavily on tourism among Southeast Asian countries, and as a result, entertainment businesses targeting male tourists from developed countries have also developed. Because of this, women sometimes make a lot of money by following tourists for a short period of time and engaging in prostitution . There are many cases where such daughters are responsible for supporting their families, and the fact that there are many transgender people in Thailand is also a major factor in this situation. In fact, in rural areas, when a girl is born, there are cases where people are happy and say, “I made money.” Depending on the person, this may be very unpleasant, but it is also a reality that is difficult to refute. On the other hand, lower-class men's ability to earn money is limited compared to women.[7]

What should not be misunderstood is that no one is proud of turning his daughter into a prostitute . Thailand is a world-renowned Buddhist country.[8] Since it is a fairly conservative country, there are naturally many Thais who value the value of labor, which they can confidently say to others even if their income is a little low. It is said that ordinary working-class and middle-class women have a rather high sense of chastity.

In Southeast Asian countries, there is a preference for female children, especially among low-income groups. This is a serious problem in that the preference for female children among low-income groups in Southeast Asia is due to the demand for women in the international marriage market. A preference for female children has begun to appear in families that have already married off their daughters through international marriages, hoping for financial support from foreign sons-in-law.[9] As the demand for international marriages in countries such as China is likely to continue for a long time, the preference for female children is also expected to continue to grow.

In Singapore , an ethnic Chinese country where Chinese immigrant families make up 70-80% of the population, in 1989, in the black market for illegal newborn sales, poor women sold their newborns and middle-aged couples who could not legally adopt babies bought them. At that time, boys were sold for 15,000 to 20,000 Singapore dollars, and girls were sold for 10,000 Singapore dollars. #

In Malaysia , where about 20% of the population is Chinese and 80% are indigenous Malays, the rate of wanting a female child in Malaysia was surprisingly high, at 13%, compared to 1% in Korea in 1978, despite being an Islamic country. # Currently, it appears to be clearly lower than in Korea.

In the Philippines , in 1978, 30% preferred boys. # However, in the Philippines, in big cities like Manila, boys were preferred. #[10] Even in the Philippines, daughters are considered the source of livelihood. article

Since ancient times , "I tried to try all night, but my daughter," and "A woman with an experienced woman is a fallen woman" (including Portugal ) .

Still, there is a saying , “If you educate a man, you will cause a coup,” and it is said that the preference for boys has decreased compared to the past.

In the past, there were many cases where parents were reluctant to give property to even the eldest son if he did not have a son , and there were also cases where people around him looked down on him as a eunuch .[11] However, in modern times, that social atmosphere is largely disappearing.

Parents who are postwar generations (born in the 1930s) spent their teenage daughters as guides , mothers , and women to reduce their mouths.

In Korea until the 1990s,[12] Due to the male-centered social structure, it was a country with a strong preference for boys, to the point of aborting female babies.[13][14] As women became wealthier around the 2000s, women's education expanded and cultural awareness improved, and as time went by starting in the late 2000s, the preference for boys began to weaken.

As a result of a survey of 2078 married couples in 2008 , 38% of parents wanted a daughter, about 10% more than parents who wanted a son.[15]

As a result of a 2013 nationwide survey of 1,000 married men and women over the age of 19 with children , more respondents said they would like to have a daughter (43.1%) than a son (18.9%) if they were to give birth in the future. Ultimately, the sex ratio at birth in 2020 was calculated to be 104.8, which is at the low end of the normal range. In the same year as the article, a survey on the gender of the most ideal child in the Cheongju area showed that 39.9% were girls and 0.5% were boys.

In 2021, a survey of Korea's preferences for girls' preferences shows that there must be one daughter. "54%of men and 59%for women[16] It has been greatly changed from remaining preferences to girls' preferences.

There are far more girls than boys adopted from orphanages , about 7 to 3. article Article However, this is because the daughter is married, so there is no need to worry about disturbing the family lineage, and it is easy to raise. # In fact, even when the preference for boys was at its peak, girls were preferred as adopted children. The reason is that it is more difficult to raise a son.

Since the 1980s , a couple who have two daughters with a joke in a gold medal, a son and daughter evenly have silver medals , and two sons have been wandering .[17] At this time, the remaining preference was severe, and the medal talk was related to parenting difficulty, and even this was a word that was only at home with only a daughter. However, in the late 2000s, this humor became again as the preference was faded in the late 2000s. Of course, because it is a humorous article, it is very rude to actually play this mischief for a couple with two sons, and that it seems to be turning the mother -in -law who has two sons, and it seems to have made this humor due to the damage . As described, not all sons are invalid , and not all daughters are filial piety .

There are many reasons why preference for female children is increasing in Korea. For example, while men's economic capabilities have declined since the 1997 foreign exchange crisis, the reason is that parents still have to provide more financial support when their sons get married than when their daughters get married. (Reference) In other words, the reason men pay more economic costs is because real estate prices have skyrocketed without any change, so the burden on men and their parents is bound to increase.

Experts also presented an analysis showing that the preference for female children has spread as society with a low birth rate is rapidly approaching.

Although Korean society's preference for female children is clearly evident in surveys, It does not lead to artificial sexual selection such as abortion . And this applies not only to Korea but also to other countries. However, interpreting this situation as saying that people are lying in surveys and that their true intentions are different has no basis in reality. Perceptions of abortion are gradually becoming more negative, but few people will even bother to have an abortion just because a boy is born. This is largely due to the fact that information about abortion can be obtained more easily and accurately than in the past due to the influence of the Internet.

According to the National Data Agency's population trend survey , the sex ratio at birth in 2024 is 105.0, which is almost the same as the natural sex ratio. However, the sex ratio for third or higher children is 102.5, which shows a slight preference for female children. This is not because of aborting boys to give birth to female children, but is just a phenomenon in which the number of third or higher children appears at the right time.

Traditionally, the country had a strong preference for boys, but after the defeat in World War II, it went through a period of rapid growth and entered the developed world in the 1960s. From 1982, the perception that daughters were better than sons gradually began to increase, and the situation reversed in 1987. As previously mentioned, the reason is that girls are easier to raise, and daughters are more trustworthy than sons in old age. Article : For this reason, a Japanese feminist scholar believed that this was not because of the rising status of women, but because of the low birth rate and aging population , and pointed out that although there is a culture in which failure in the education of boys is not tolerated, it is easy to have a feeling of "what's wrong" with girls, and in fact, they view them as consumer goods to enjoy irresponsible childcare.

In China , a country that prefers boys and is at the top of the male-dominant countries on the planet, the preference for girls is understandable, but in the 2010s, due to the imbalance in gender ratio caused by the preference for boys, the younger generation, unable to see sons having to suffer from a higher difficulty in getting married than in any other country and having to bear a greater burden (buying a house and a car) than women when getting married, has developed a sentiment that they should have daughters instead. However, married men actually prefer boys. Also, the fact that women find it easier to get married than men only applies to those in their early 20s; from then on, women are under much greater pressure to get married. In China, old maids in their mid-20s or older are called ‘surplus women (seongnyi)’. This is not just a slang term, but is also an official term used by Chinese women’s groups when criticizing old maids.[18]

In 2004, China was born in 2004, more than 119 children in 100 girls, 124 children in 100 girls in the early 2000s , 130 children in 100 girls, and 116 in 100 girls in 2014.

Since the 2010s, romance and romance fantasy genres are mainly consumed by women, so even if the daughter is born, the characters often like it. Of course, there may be a description of a son. The historical drama romance and the medieval romance fantasy genre have been the motif of the past, so there may be a description of preferences, but if you have a detailed description like a medium dealing with other genres in the mid -2000s, people may swear at the time with comments, and some people who are not able to express their expressions and fall off indirectly. there is.

Contrary to the romance or romantic fantasy genre, in the boys love genre, the gender of the baby is often set as male even though the works are mainly written by women. As is true in reality, it is not inconvenient to raise a child of the same gender, and there are few problems when a girl is young, but when a girl reaches puberty , her relationship with her two fathers may not be good, and even in modern times overseas, men have an advantage in society, and there are concerns about sexual crimes . This is because even when the child grows up, it is easy to meet another partner and create a second or third generation. However, since the works are mainly written by women, this is not because of the previously mentioned ideology of preferring boys, so many of the children are daughters, and even if they are found to be daughters, they do not have abortions or infanticides as in the past in Korea, and they like them and are even described as being fools for daughters .

The higher the level of academic background , the weaker the idea of preference and the higher the preference for girls. However, it is difficult to generalize due to the same trend, and it is 'weak' to the last. source

In 1990, a commercial medical service microsort was created that allowed chromosomes to give birth to a specific gender baby.[19] The theory is applied to the gender choice due to the weight difference between sperm . Use that the Y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome. Parents with these daughters under these medical services are more interested in the convenience of parenting than their children's social advancement. The above service is criticized for its lack of scientific evidence and producing humans like a product, and this service is also discussed.

Unlike the idea of ​​preferring boys , it does not actually cause the problem of gender-selective abortion. The reason is that the idea of ​​preferring girls is a custom that arose in modern times when awareness that abortion causes moral problems has increased. The idea of ​​preferring boys is a custom that has a strong influence on the tradition of having a son to pass on the family, which ultimately led to the abortion of female children. However, the idea of ​​preferring girls is also an idea that arose because it values ​​the bond between parents and children.