shark

A collective name for fish belonging to the Superorder Selachimorpha.

In pure Korean, it is called duruchi, and the old word for 'shark' is the Chinese character 鯊魚, which is the same as the current Chinese character notation. As the sound value of ' ㆁ ' , which was the initial consonant of 魚, was lost, 'sa' was changed to 'sang'. Crucian carp (←Bullfish), Carp (←Ninger←Lilyfish), Squid (←Squid ←Sweet ←Squid ←Sweet fish)[1] ) also underwent the same phonetic change. In English, there is a record that it was called 'Sea dog' among sailors until the 17th century.[2] , the origin of the modern name 'Shark' is unclear.

The first sharks are believed to have appeared in the early Jurassic period of the Mesozoic Era about 200 million years ago, but they are believed to have appeared in the Paleozoic Era. There is also a possibility that it appeared in the early Permian period. Cladocelaceae , Stetacanthus , and Helicoprion from the Paleozoic Era have similar appearances to sharks, but they are classified as subclasses and are separate fish from sharks.

As it has existed for a long time, there are many different shapes and types. There are also very small sharks, such as the dwarf transparent shark, which can reach only 20cm in adult size, and the sawfish, which has a wide and long mouth in front of its snout that looks like a saw.[3] , hammerhead sharks with both sides of their heads protruding like hammers (or hammerhead sharks, as they appear), and devil sharks with long protruding noses are famous for their unique appearance. There is also a species called the whale shark . Unlike ordinary sharks, its body length is usually about 12m, making it the largest species of modern fish, including cartilaginous fish. As a bonus, if you include extinct species, Megalodon is the largest, measuring up to 20m. However, despite its large size, it lives on small animals such as crustaceans , squid , plankton , small fish , and algae , and as its name suggests, it is a gentle species similar to a baleen whale. Basking sharks and broad-snout sharks are also docile species with a similar appetite to whale sharks.

It is very difficult to define 'sharks like this!' There are eight sharks alone, and each neck is very different. The neck of the hoe is a small shark who lives with hard food such as crustaceans and shellfish living in the shallow sea[4] The bearded sharks such as whale sharks have a horizontal pupil, a mustache in front of the snout, and the nose and mouth are connected to the groove. Small species are mainly sharks living at the bottom of the sea and can be easily seen in the aquarium. The bust tree is often the sharks of the images that we think of sharks, which occupy the largest number of sharks. Some species of bust fish systems attack people[5] Even though it is a fish with the eyelids with the pupil pupils in the streamlined body shape, the cubs of a plurality of bust fish are embedded in the uterus to create a complete birth of the placenta and umbilical cord.

The lamniformes are generally large in size, and some species attack humans. They have no eyelids, have round pupils, and are often warm-blooded, although they are livebearers . They are similar in body size to the requiem sharks, but the shad sharks are slender, deep-sea sharks that do not have the dorsal fin that is characteristic of sharks, and the dome sharks are the second most numerous among sharks, do not have anal fins, and are deep-sea sharks that mostly live in the deep sea .[6] The Elephant sharks look like rays or anglers, and the saw sharks have long snouts similar to saw rays. Sharks such as whale sharks belong to the order of the baleen sharks, and most of the baleen sharks have gentle personalities, and most of the baleen sharks have whiskers in the front of their mouths. However, the image that the general public has of sharks is usually of the order of requiem sharks and lemurs.

Because no systematic research has been conducted so far, little has been revealed about the ecology of sharks, except for a few sharks that are widely known to the general public. Fortunately, full-scale research began in the 1990s, and the results are bearing little fruit in the 2000s, but there is still a long way to go. Starting in 2024, the National Institute of Fisheries Research is conducting research on sharks that have appeared on the East Coast. Related video link There are 400 species of sharks known around the world. Among these, only about 10 species have ever attacked humans. One of the reasons why the novel/movie Jaws was successful was because there was not much research on sharks in the 1970s, so even scholars did not know much about sharks. Due to the USS Indianapolis incident, there was a strong perception that sharks were man-eating fish, so the work became a huge success due to the fear of unfamiliar animals, and even to this day, there is a strong perception that sharks are man-eating monsters. Of course, now that technology has developed and more research has been conducted on sharks, some have come to view sharks not as monsters but as wild animals that need protection and attention.

It is one of the animals that are considered to be a living fossil because of the perception that the unique body structure has not changed significantly for a long time . However, the shark fossils, which are considered to be prove, only remain extremely limited, because the fossils of the shark's body are only chin and shark teeth .[7]

In the beginning, most evolutionists do not dismiss sharks as live fossils because the word 'living fossil' itself is ambiguous. And with the discovery of the extinct paleozoic fish, Ozarcus Mapesae, discovered in 2014, sharks are not living fossils. Related links[8]

In fact, if you look closely, you can find a lot of evidence to disprove the theory that sharks , not just Ozarkus, are living fossils. In particular, just looking at hammerhead sharks or sawfishes, we can see that the shark group has actively evolved from the Mesozoic Era to the present. Additionally, in the Carboniferous strata of Bear Gulch, located in Montana, a large number of ancient pansae fish, which had differentiated into various forms different from modern sharks, were discovered. Therefore, it is more accurate to say that sharks do not retain their old appearance, but rather that a group of sharks evolved over a long period of time.

Among sharks, many of the gnathostomes are thermophiles . In particular, all sharks of the order Sharks, such as great whites and mako sharks, are homeothermic animals, and it has been revealed through dissection and fossils that some sharks of the order Sharks, such as thresher sharks and megalodons, are also homeothermic animals .

There are usually 8 fins. 2 pectoral fins, 2 dorsal fins[9] , one anal fin, two pelvic fins, and one caudal fin. Depending on the species, some species have the upper and lower caudal fins of approximately the same length, while others have longer upper prongs.[10] Additionally, there are five gill holes vertically on the side.

The skin of the shark is a dermal denticle, such as teeth .[11] , Marine life cannot be attached[12] Reduce the friction over water to make speed faster.[13] Currently, humans are using a similar surface to make a swimsuit or a pear by imitating this structure.

Many people think that ' shark is a very dangerous aquatic creature ', but this is limited to some, and many sharks do not exceed a body length of about 1m and a weight of 20kg, so they are not even a threat to an adult male due to their small size. Even if it is large, it will avoid people unless provoked.[14] , it is not surprising to see other fish lazing nearby. Even among large species, there are species that are completely non-aggressive, such as whale sharks , basking sharks , and broad-snout sharks .[15]

White sharks , one of the large sharks that the general public often think of by sharks by various media such as Jaws, are actually a rare species and are in danger of endangered.[16] In the movie, the white shark may be large as a monster, but in fact, the big white sharks are actually about 6m, which does not grow into a monster of more than 10m from Jaws . Movies and various media have grown too much prejudice. If you are aggressive, it is a species that must be more careful for the rash suit known as a triggerfish in English. In addition, in terms of frequency, such as sea urchin and jellyfish can be said to be a bigger threat to people. They live in the shallow sea and have a lot of populations.

Since the sensory organs called Lorrenchi organs feel even the flow of fine current ( biosics ), the shark is surprised by the discharge when the shark throws the battery when the shark is approached . After the actual experiment on the sponge, it turned out to be the right word . However, there is an article that the battery is not effective . However, it is questionable whether it works in a very excited situation to eat. Mythbushers used a strong neodymium magnet instead of batteries , but failed to affect shark behavior. It is also a very sensitive institution, so it is paralyzed if you are shocked here. example

In fact, divers who touch the shark calm it down by stroking this area. Related Documentary Of course, you should not rush to touch a shark without thorough prior knowledge and safety equipment.[17]

It is also said that even if you get a wound, it heals without becoming infected. Therefore, research is being conducted on this, and the most likely hypothesis is that it is because small fish eat parasites and infected parts of wounds, or that it is because their immunity is very strong, and because they do not get sick most of the time, the immunity of sharks is a subject of research. It's happening. There was talk that you don't get cancer , but you do get cancer. However, some say that it takes relatively little. In relation to this, research has been conducted to show that sharks do not develop cancer because they have no bones and are mostly composed of cartilage, and efforts have been made to find anticancer drugs in shark cartilage. There are about three related papers. But in the end, it ended up being a perfect show. First, it was revealed that just because sharks are made of cartilage does not mean they do not get cancer, and finally, the results showed that the previous experiment was wrong and had no effect on cancer . Since then, it has been concluded that glucosamine, which was sold as a main ingredient of shark cartilage , is in fact ineffective. In modern times, it is said that the incidence of cancer in sharks has increased due to environmental pollution. link

An Australian doctor who studied shark cancer explained that shark meat is not effective in preventing cancer, saying, "Does eating Michael Jordan make me a good basketball player?"

However, it seems clear that sharks have a highly developed immune system. Sharks have an excellent ability to resist not only cancer but also aging (i.e., not growing old) because this is also a function of the immune system. The average lifespan of sharks is usually about 30 to 50 years, but this is because they are eaten or starve to death while competing in the ecosystem, and their biological lifespan is much longer. For example, the Greenland shark is an incredibly long-lived species, with some individuals living up to 400 years.

Most sharks have good eyesight, so they can see clearly even underwater. Instead, because there are no cone cells in the eye, it is total color blindness . Therefore, sharks can only see all images in black and white .

Among the fish is unusually eyelids. Like a crocodile, it is possible to close your eyes because it exists. However, unlike other sharks, unlike other sharks, there are no eyelids. Turning the eyes

Sharks do not mate through the cloaca like other fish, but through the genitals like other vertebrates, and undergo internal fertilization like reptiles and higher vertebrates . Male sharks have two penises (left and right), and female sharks also have two uteruses. The courting method is for the male shark to bite the female shark's fin and hang on until she accepts the courtship. The female shark is larger and stronger than the male shark, and the female shark's fin skin is twice as thick as the male shark, so it does not cause any significant damage.[18]



There are some species that only lay eggs , but most lay egg cases containing eggs, like the neck of a black-black shark . When the shark emerges from the eggshell, it is fully formed and has grown to the point where it can survive on its own. This egg case is a tough material with a leather-like texture that protects the baby shark hatched from the egg and also provides nutrition from the inside, so it is closer to an actual eggshell. It is also characterized by its unusual shape so that it can be easily fixed to places such as seaweed or reefs. It is often called a mermaid's wallet or devil's wallet due to its dark-colored, almost square shape and small size that fits in one hand . It is said to be quite light, so it often washes up on the shore.

Additionally, the majority of sharks are ovoviviparous, and some sharks of the order Ovoviviparous are not ovoviviparous but are completely viviparous.[19] Contrary to popular belief, giving birth to babies rather than eggs applies not only to mammals but also to some reptiles and fish. The reason it is called viviparous is because the placenta is created between the liver and the uterus and there is also an umbilical cord . Of course, there is also a part corresponding to the belly button .[20] Unlike the mammalian placenta, which does not play a significant role after birth and falls off, the shark's umbilical cord attaches to the baby for a short time like egg yolk and serves to supply nutrients.

Ovoviviparous sharks are also different from the ovoviviparous species observed in other animals. When the pups hatch from the uterus, sharks of the order Sharks , which are representative ovoviviparous sharks , lay unfertilized eggs and feed the pups. The more unusual ovoviviparous sharks among the sharks of this order include the great white shark and the sand snake shark . Great white sharks promote the growth of their young by giving them fatty milk in addition to unfertilized eggs . Sand tiger sharks only lay fertilized eggs, not unfertilized eggs, in their uteruses. The hatched pups are cannibalistic , so the strongest pup survives and can only give birth to one pup from each of the two uteruses.


Great white shark sleeping with mouth open while swimming

Sometimes, to emphasize their diligence, it is said that sharks can only breathe when they swim, but this only applies to some of the 400 or so species, and there are many species that breathe well and live well without moving in one place. Swimming is an auxiliary means of moving more water through the mouth and gills. Although the gill muscles are lacking compared to other bony fish, they can breathe by inflating their cheeks using their jaw muscles, so you can see their mouths twitching when they breathe while sitting on the ground.


Even great white sharks can breathe comfortably when they are juveniles.

An extreme example is the baleen shark , which can lie in one spot for days,[21] When prey comes right next to it, it hardly moves except to attack.[22]

There is a spiral plate inside the small intestine , and the shape that passes through it is like a spring, so the intestine is in a straight line, so even though it is short, it takes longer than expected to digest food. This intestine structure is also found in its relative, the stingray . In addition, sharks have a unique digestive system. When they vomit , they take out their stomach, and when they defecate, they take out their rectum and small intestine.

Most shark species are saltwater fish that live only in the ocean , but some species can also live in rivers . For example, there are sharks that can come and go between saltwater and freshwater , such as bull sharks, and sharks in the genus river sharks are among the sharks that live in freshwater. In particular, the Ganges shark has completely adapted to freshwater, so it has become a perfect freshwater fish among cartilaginous fishes, and therefore, unlike bull sharks, it is a true freshwater shark that lives its entire life in the Ganges River without going down to the sea.

There is a common perception that sharks are the strongest of the sea among strong animals , but in fact, sharks are a very large taxonomic group and include species of various sizes, so except for large medium to large species, there are not as many scary species as people think.

Most species are carnivorous and have sharp, strong teeth , making a bite dangerous.[26] Even if teeth are extracted, they can be regenerated at any time. Some sharks have rows of numerous teeth followed by rows of other teeth. The teeth are so sharp that even a dead stuffed shark can easily cut your hand if you're not careful.[27]

Despite being a predator, there are a lot of fish around the shark. Because I try to shake off the parasites using sandpaper scales. Of course, medium and large fish species that are not afraid of sharks use sharks to remove parasites. In particular, the sucker shark often shows this behavior.

Sharks have a variety of natural enemies. Small sharks are mainly natural enemies of many large fish and marine mammals, while medium- and large-sized sharks are mainly natural enemies of some cetaceans and humans .

Since the Jersey man-eating shark gained notoriety in the New Jersey shark attack in 1916, the image of sharks has been stigmatized as a 'man-eating beast', and this image has become more severe due to Jaws . Of course it's dangerous, but it's actually not as dangerous as people think. First of all, the biggest thing is that encountering a shark that could pose a threat is a rare event. Since most species mainly live in deep water of about 200m, contact between sharks and humans is very rare. Therefore, the very premise of encountering a shark on the coast of land or at sea level is already strange, and even if you encounter a shark while diving, there is no need to think that the shark will attack you at random. This is because, among the entire shark population, there are absolutely not many species large enough to attack an adult. In other words, when a human is attacked by a shark, most of the scenarios are 'a small species of giant shark accidentally attacked a human when it encountered it (the shark escaped from its usual habitat or the human dived in a dangerous sea area) and I don't know why, but of course, the probability of this happening is very low.' In other words, the 1916 Jersey man-eating shark that openly attacked a person is a very unusual case.

Even if you happen to encounter a giant shark, the probability of being attacked is much lower than you think. The reason is that, from the shark's point of view, humans are unsuitable creatures to be food. Compared to the large fat and muscle mass of seals and seals, which are the shark's main prey, humans are creatures with only a lot of useless bones and nothing to eat. A shark that has never encountered humans will not even bother to look at them, and one that has encountered humans will not even care.[28] When a shark attacks a human, most of the time it just takes a bite to see if it's okay to eat while it has some energy left.[29] Of course, from a human's perspective, the problem is that a limb can be severed with just one bite(...). Even if a school of sharks and a diver encounter one, unless they are extremely hungry, they will just ignore it and pass by. Anyway, in the movie, you can just say that there is no such thing as a ‘giant shark that follows you wherever you go and tries to eat you.’ This is because there is absolutely no reason for sharks to react to the smell of human blood.[30]

Unlike the film, it is extremely unlikely to be attacked by a shark near a calm sleeping surface close to the land. In addition, there are various theories as a way of responding to sharks, but there is no certain way. This is because there are so many different types of sharks. Since the body, the diet, and the behavior are all different, how to deal with it is different. Besides, even sharks of the same species are different.[31] In the same situation, there are many different reactions, so there is no way to deal with the right answer. Naturally, the best way is not to encounter sharks.

To avoid sharks when going to the sea, it is best to play quietly and not wander around in strange places. For a while, they were difficult to find due to environmental pollution and overfishing, but as countries around the world took action, such as managing the marine ecosystem and banning poaching, their numbers were increasing again, compounded by global warming. In particular , in Korea, there were many sharks traveling north from the South China Sea and East China Sea to the Yellow Sea to spawn, and due to warming and ecosystem restoration, there are frequent cases of sharks coming up to the northern West Sea and the East Sea, including the five islands of the West Sea , and attacking them. In particular, white sharks that have begun to flock to the waters off Incheon are on Baengnyeong Island. The number of seals has increased to the point that it has been designated as the number one cause of extinction. Originally, along the coast of Korea, the west and south coasts had high water temperatures, so there were many sharks, and the deep and cold East Sea had many whales and dolphins. However, in the 21st century, as the climate changed due to global warming, mako sharks are also making inroads into the East Sea, so people who go there to play have stopped going. Be careful. Originally, shark attacks on humans were limited to female divers and fishermen who could easily be mistaken for seals , but sharks sometimes come ashore at beaches, so be careful.[32]


A video showing a woman who was actually swimming while being bitten by a great white shark. As you can see from the video, this woman fortunately survived her life. It was also aired on Curiosity Heaven . All beaches in shark-infested areas, such as Australia , South Africa , and Hong Kong , have shark nets or controlled bathing.

On July 19, 2015, the J-Bay Open was held at JEFREYS BAY, South Africa's beach . That's what happened during the game! Fortunately, sharks were broken, but people didn't touch them. Eventually, the economy was stopped and Mick Panning and Julien Wilson (both Australia) were co -winning.

In February 2022, a diving instructor in Sydney was attacked by a great white shark and died instantly.[33] Judging by the fact that it jumped to the surface and confirmed kills several times, it is highly likely that it recognized humans as prey and attacked them.

There are very few dangerous species, but it is certain that most large species are carnivorous fish with strong jaws. You don't know what will happen if you touch it, so it's best to avoid approaching it for nothing.

If you are stranded in a sea with sharks, you must get on top of a boat or raft. Even if it is not a stable object, if there is something that floats, you can increase your chances of survival by grabbing something and climbing on it. Sharks are sensitive to the movement of objects around them, so a lot of movement will attract the shark's attention and increase the likelihood of being attacked.

Many people don't know well, and some sharks can live in freshwater like dolphins . Although the bullfish is the most famous, the Magpie Shark, a small shark, is also found in the Han River.

The shark is sensitive because the nerves are concentrated in the pointed part of the snout, so if you are attacked by the shark, you can be stunned temporarily due to the shock if you hit the end of the snout with a fist or tool. KBS's entertainment broadcast has introduced this. However, the end of the snout may be a disaster that the hand may enter the Holazang, so if you are mindful (…), it would be better to aim for the fish, which is a fishing place rather than flying the punch in front of you. Shark worst when surfing ... "I will hit my eyes and nose hard"

The Navy teaches how to deal with sharks. Sharks say that they do not attack animals that are larger than themselves, saying that they use a boat or an inflated life jacket. The US Navy is holding an event called SWIM CALL, which is like a reward for diving and swimming on the ship in order to relieve stress and rest for long -term sailing. At this time, troops armed with machine guns stand guard. It is to prepare for a sudden shark raid, and when a shark appears, it fires a machine gun to protect the crew members who are swimming to prevent sharks from accessing. At this time, they do not kill sharks to protect the ecosystem, but they are just driven out of warning shooting.

 more detailsshark attack documentcastPlease note.

Considering that sharks and human areas and habitats rarely overlap, there are very few people in the world.

The reason is simple. There is usually no reason for people to go to the ocean, especially to a shark habitat .

Among the animals that can kill people through pure physical ability rather than through poison or disease, dogs are one of the animals that harm humans the most. The number of people killed by dogs in a year around the world is 25,000 , which is so high that comparison with the number of people harmed by sharks during the same period is meaningless. The number of people killed by dogs in one day is seven times greater than the number of people killed by sharks in one year.[34] Of course, it is nonsense to compare the number of accidents with dogs, which we encounter tens of thousands of in our lifetime, and sharks, which we encounter only once in an aquarium. However, with the exception of a very small number of species, the numbers are relatively safe.

As can be seen from the figures above, among the numerous sharks in the world, only a handful have harmed humans, and only a handful have attacked humans.[35] Even those with experience are very few. Regardless of whether they are alive or dead, the number of people killed by coconuts or struck by lightning is much higher than that of people who have been attacked by sharks.

In addition, among the representative vulnerable/endangered species that are mainly hunted because of their large fins, thresher sharks and whale sharks are species that do not pose a threat to humans due to their nature/body structure, but to the general public, they are simply lumped into the category of 'shark'. Hunting is sometimes justified.

However, it is a bit different if a large number of people are isolated in the habitat. This includes cases where people are in the sea area for military purposes, such as the Indianapolis sinking incident . At that time, the maximum damage occurs within a single period. Since civilian damage is usually used as the standard, there is a high tendency to ignore damage to naval forces, which spend more time at sea than civilians.

See the Shark Attack article for details .

If you think about it, sharks also have a vicious personality depending on the species, while there are sharks like whale sharks that have a gentle personality.[36][37]

Sharks are being developed to supply sharkspin , and sharks that die by humans reach 100 million annually . In the cancer market, Sharkpin is illegally traded at an expensive price of about $ 600 to $ 1,000 per kg. Because of this, the number of sharks is seriously decreasing. In addition, it is also a popular fish species for sea fishing or hunting. Shark fishing and hunting have been often in the resort in North America or the Pacific, and nowadays, it is sometimes in Korea. Especially in Korea, fishing visitors are on shark fishing in Jeju Island , a turbulent sea , and offshore in Busan . Of course, small sharks are focused on small sharks, and large species are banned by the Korea Maritime Police Agency . In countries that adopt English -American laws such as North America , Hong Kong , and Australia , there is a hunting license to fishing for small sharks and illegal without licenses.

If so many sharks die from overfishing, I think they should recognize humans as scary and avoid them, but realistically, this is almost impossible for sharks. First of all, marine creatures can develop an instinct to avoid natural predators they commonly encounter, but it is very difficult for them to recognize and learn to recognize humans on land, which they have never heard of, as a general threat. It also comes from the shark's unique cognitive ability and the characteristics of the fishing method that uses it. According to existing evidence, sharks are specialized in the sense of smell or wave rather than intelligence, which is called predatory behavior. In this situation, sharks do not judge the fishing activities of fishing boats as a threat, but mistake them for the presence of food.[38] Since 100% of sharks caught once caught in a fishing boat's bait die immediately, there is no opportunity for the experience to be passed on to the next generation or for avoidance behavior to spread within the population. As a result, the reality is that over 100 million sharks have no choice but to be slaughtered every year without any knowledge of how to avoid humans.

As the ecosystem is being destroyed due to indiscriminate overfishing and hunting, ichthyologists and environmental groups are campaigning to protect sharks. However, the biggest problem is that people's perception of sharks is not good. Unlike whale conservation campaigns and seal conservation campaigns, which are well-received by people, the public image of sharks is not good. Of course, few people say they want to exterminate sharks because they hate sharks, but the image of sharks deteriorated for a while after the New Jersey shark attack in 1916 , and as the movie Jaws, which was made under the influence of this incident, became a global hit, the image of sharks = villains became even stronger. What the man-eating shark did in the first Jaws was a bit of an adaptation of what the Jersey man-eating shark did in 1916, so it can't help but be true. This is why not many people respond to shark protection campaigns. Therefore, shark protection only came about in the late 20th century, relatively late compared to other animals. Experts say that images of man-eating sharks exaggerated by mass media, such as the Jaws series , have played a role in this phenomenon. To put it mildly, even Jaws film director Steven Spielberg expressed regret over shark overfishing .

Shark catching is much more cruel than ordinary fishing that the general public thinks. In order to supply shark fins , shark fishing boats form a fleet to catch sharks. When a shark comes up on the coast, a photo is taken first, then only the fins to be used as shark fins are cut off, and the body, which has no commercial value, is thrown back into the sea as it only takes up weight. These sharks die painfully because they bleed excessively or cannot hunt because they cannot swim. Some large sharks do not have gill muscles and have to pass seawater through their mouths to breathe, but without fins they cannot swim and die of suffocation. In human terms, just cutting off the limbs and throwing them into the water. Shark capture is always strongly criticized because it is no different from being painfully buried alive with one's fins cut off.

It is true that sharks' dangerous unexpected behavior is difficult to predict, and it is impossible to ignore the fact that sharks have harmed people. In the above -described cases, people who have lost their lives or injured by sharks are written. This means that eradication of sharks is not a good solution at all. Large sharks, which can harm people, act as the top predators of the ecosystem, so they can indiscriminately hunt the top predator sharks, but as you can see, the marine ecosystem may be destroyed.

The amount of marine life consumed by large sharks is enormous. The food consumed by the white shark adults for one day is about 30kg, or 11 tons per year.[39] If you hunt indiscriminate sharks, such a large predator, the number of lower predators you eat will increase rapidly. As the number of sub -predators increases, the population of the organisms of the marine ecosystem pyramid ends may be drastically decreased or even producers may be extinct, which leads to the collapse of the marine ecosystem.

In addition to the depletion of fish resources, death accidents caused by the collapse of ecosystems can also occur. Many experts expect that the number of jellyfish that the sharks consumed will increase when large sharks are extinct .[40] The number of people who die from the article jellyfish poison is overwhelmingly more overwhelming than those who lose their lives on sharks . Through this, we can see how shortsighted and foolish the idea of ​​" cleaning sharks to save lives ."

Some large sharks are already in endangered species or conservation status because of their overfishing[41] There are already signs of destruction of ecosystems. It is very wrong to claim large sharks that are not enough due to overfishing, " to hunt and get rid of people! "

Great white sharks are a globally studied and protected species, and their population is increasing.[42] In the case of tiger sharks and bull sharks, their populations were once greatly reduced due to the culling policy, but the species itself is highly adaptable and their population in protected areas is large.[43] Tiger sharks have long been removed from the endangered species list, and the population of bull sharks has also recovered locally. In other words, among the large sharks that are virtually the top predators , the conservation status of mako sharks and great hammerhead sharks , which are overfished for food or leisure, is considered to be the most serious.

Hong Kong and Taiwan as of 2016[44] Shark hunting is illegal in major consumption areas such as Hong Kong has banned shark fishing , and the Coast Guard is cracking down . Beaches are damaged even with anti-shark nets installed, and gelatin substitutes for pork or tuna oil are sold. And in Singapore and Australia , there are no problems with shark populations. In China , which is the largest shark fin consumer , many sharks are still being caught for shark fin, but the Chinese government's anti-corruption campaign and widespread information about mercury contamination in shark meat have reduced demand for shark fin. See the Sharkspin documentation for more details .

However, in terms of worldwide, a variety of sharks are in danger of extinction, and the total number of sharks has been rapidly decreasing since the 1970s, which is known to have decreased by 70% to 90%. The reason for the overfishing of the reference shark is to take the liver oil widely used as a raw material for shark fins, cosmetics and medicines, but it is also because there are so many unintentional numbers when catching other fish. See there's a lot of things that have been sacrificed for a few sharks to catch one tuna .

On July 31, 2017, the Malaysian Daily News Times reported that the shark capture in Southeast Asia has decreased to half in 2012 due to the pirate acts of Abu Sayyaf, an Islamic militant group in southern Philippines. Daily Indonesia

In August 2018, in the United States , Donald Trump 's donation to sharks has soared after the US President Donald Trump hated sharks. BBC News

Also, like all marine creatures, sharks are not free from damage caused by marine pollution. There are many cases of people starving to death due to a blockage in their stomachs after mistaking garbage thrown away in the ocean (intentionally or not) for food, dying from injuries to their digestive organs by swallowing sharp objects, or dying from poisoning by toxic substances. There are many cases of injuries to the body due to plastic or nets covering their bodies, and there are many sharks that suffocate because they are prevented from swimming or because their gills are blocked. This is why they are hunted to death. More sharks are dying from ocean pollution than sharks.

 more detailsList of Cartilaginous Organisms documentof4.8.3 number of paragraphsPlease note.

Sharks have been feared since the past, and at the same time, they have been essential food ingredients. Shark's fin is a high-end dish well-known overseas , and Dombaegi is a well-known dish in Korea that is served on ancestral ceremonies in Gyeongsang-do .

Of course, if you look at the meat itself, it is plain and has no special taste. In addition, the big disadvantage is the smell of ammonia and the unique fishy smell , but on the other hand, ammonia is the best advantage in maximizing preservation, so it was a fish that could be delivered fresh even to mountain villages where distribution networks were difficult in the past, and even in Japan, there are shark restaurants in mountain villages. The smell of ammonia is due to the presence of a large amount of the element in the body of cartilaginous fish, and the smell becomes worse as time passes after death. Therefore, shark dishes are not very popular, as only part of the shark fin is used instead of the whole shark, and dome baguette is a sacramental item in modern times and is not eaten on a daily basis.

Another disadvantage is that the meat of large sharks is delicious and sold at a high price, but since these large sharks are top predators, the problem of heavy metals is very serious. In modern times, due to marine pollution, large amounts of heavy metals (especially mercury ) are concentrated in the meat of sharks, the top predators of the ecosystem, and the mercury concentration in shark meat and shark fin is at a level that is highly unsuitable for human consumption. Therefore, it is beneficial to health not to eat the meat of medium-sized or larger sharks, which accumulate a lot of heavy metals as they live for a long time and eat a variety of meats.

In Korea , shark meat is eaten mainly in the eastern and southwestern sea islands, including Gyeongsang-do , Jeolla -do , Jeju-do , and Gangwon-do . Since Gyeongsang- do consumes the most , it is common for sharks caught in Jeolla-do to be taken to Gyeongsang-do . In Gyeongsang Province, shark has been treated as a precious food since ancient times, and it was mainly consumed for ritual purposes.

Artifacts that prove this include the Joyeong-dong tomb group near Yeungnam University in Gyeongsan and Ulsan , which was recently registered as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site. Ulju-gun Bangudae petroglyphs . They mainly caught fresh sharks, seasoned them with salt, and grilled them to make sharks. This is Dom Baegi , an essential Jesu food in Gyeongsang Province . The principle is similar to that of liver mackerel . Like kimchi , it is a food that proves that the temperature in the southern region is high. Other dishes include shark beef bone boiled like gomtang, shark duchi with steamed skin, shark cold meat made with boiled duchi and hardened duchi with garnish , and shark sikhae fermented with rice . The place selling the most is Yeongcheon , and other coastal areas such as Gyeongju , Yeongdeok , Pohang , Ulsan , Uljin , Busan, Geoje Island , Goseong , Jinju , Changwon , Gimhae , and Tongyeong , as well as coastal areas such as Daegu , Seongju , Goryeong , Yeongcheon , Andong , Mungyeong , Bonghwa , Yecheon , Miryang , Gumi , Sancheong , Yeongyang , Yeongju , It is also widely consumed in inland areas such as Changnyeong , Gimcheon , Cheongdo , Sangju , Gyeongsan , Uiseong , and Cheongsong .

In Jeolla-do , skates are mainly caught around Heuksan Island, which is famous for skates . In the past, it was the main fish responsible for the economy of Heuksan Island. Because it was difficult to grow crops on Heuksan Island due to the nature of the island, sharks caught here were brought to land and exchanged for barley. It is also clearly mentioned in Jeong Yak-jeon 's Jasaneobo . Of course, there was a lot of consumption even within Heuksan Island. From the most basic shark sashimi, there are shark miso soup with shark meat, shark stew made by applying soybean-based seasoning to shark meat and steaming it, and shark roe stew made by boiling shark eggs. In addition, the liver of an oil shark was boiled and the oil was removed and used as kerosene. In addition, in the islands in the Dadohae region of Jeollanam-do, centered on Heuksando Island, shark meat was eaten as much as Gyeongsang-do, to the point where it was said that it was not a table setting for family celebrations, feasts, or funerals without shark. However, as sharks gradually became scarce, they were naturally excluded from the table setting.

Shark dishes naturally focus on small sharks. This is because it is difficult to catch something as big as a great white shark .[52] Rather, they are treated like tigers in mountainous areas . On the other hand, hammerhead sharks are so tasty that they are often used as a material for dome liner, pushing their population to the brink of extinction. With the Republic of Korea Coast Guard 's strong crackdown on illegal capture , the extinction crisis has been overcome.[53]

In a decent-sized raw fish restaurant aquarium, you can see a slender shark with a flat face and dozens of thick brown or gray stripes on its body. It is a magpie shark, also known as a bamboo shark. It is the most common shark.[54] Although they can grow to over 150cm, the live ones you can see at raw fish restaurants are 30~60cm long, and the largest ones are about 1 meter long. Larger ones can usually be found dead at fish markets. (Dombaegi is a name that has nothing to do with the type of shark, but it is usually made from this common shark. It is usually caught in a net while catching other fish and then dies.) When eating raw fish, magpie sharks that are smaller than two spans are not necessarily boned, but only the intestines and fins are removed and sliced ​​at a right angle to the backbone. (The skin is tough, but there are some stores that peel it off and others that serve it plain.) The bones are cartilage like a stingray, so they are a bit tough, but they taste delicious when chewed. Even when sliced ​​and placed on a plate, it squirms for a while, so it feels a bit gross, but the light taste is okay. Flatfish with a unique aroma or strong umami flavor from the lean meat Unlike white fish such as rockfish and deep-flavored blue fish such as mackerel, the flesh has little fat, so the taste is bland and has no particular scent. Unless you catch the fish right away and eat it on the spot, shark sashimi is what divides people because it has a faint, faint ammonia taste like a cartilaginous fish. (In other words, if you leave it for a long time, it tastes like ammonia, so you can't eat it as aged raw fish like white meat, as you might not know if it's completely fermented.) Because the taste of meat is weak, it is often eaten with vegetables such as perilla leaves and lettuce or kimchi, and it goes better with vinegared sauce or soybean paste rather than with soy sauce. And although shark sashimi is not expensive (mostly bycatch), it is not farmed and is rare, so there are many stores that charge a higher price.

Shark liver is a lump of fat, so if you slice it raw and eat it with sesame oil and salt, it has a savory and soft taste, and it is a part of your taste. Because the liver makes up more than half, almost two-thirds, of the internal organs, if you throw away the liver, there is not much left. However, if you add all of it to maeuntang because it is a waste, it will end up with oil floating in the soup, so it is better to just add a little and throw it away. You can make maeun-tang with shark, but since the meat tastes bland, it is not very tasty as a clear stew, and it is better to make it with soybean paste and red pepper paste. Shark skin does not have scales, but it contains bone fragments inside, making it rough and not very good to eat. You can add the skin to the soup, but it is better to peel it off and throw it away when eating. If you are a very large shark, you can boil the skin and make it like jelly and eat it, but magpie sharks just lose their appetite.

There were reports that the first generation of aquaculture was successful around 2010, but considering that there are not many of them on the market even as of 2016, it does not seem that aquaculture is in full swing. Dried fish are also sold online, so it seems like the catch is not small. In fact, carnivorous animals have not been improved to gain weight by eating only a small amount of feed over a long period of time like herbivorous/omnivorous livestock, so it is only said that farming was successful because the amount of meat compared to feed was not large.

Surprisingly, it is used in raw fish rice bowl . Shark is the cheapest among sashimi, and since the quality of sashimi is less important in sashimi rice bowls, shark is often disguised as tuna . Most of the white frozen radish-shaped sashimi served on inexpensive raw fish bowls at snack bars and other restaurants is shark meat. It is distributed under the name of Shark Kkakdugi. It seems that thresher sharks are mainly used, but it is not known whether the flesh of other sharks is also used because it is not indicated. Anyway, if you have ever eaten Hoedeopbap, it is clearly called '○○ Hoedeopbap' and it is not a specific type of fish meat, but it contains some strange-looking raw fish. If you have tried it, you can say that you have eaten shark meat. Since I didn't eat something I shouldn't have, I can see it as an unusual experience rather than something to feel bad about.

The most famous delicacy is shark fin, which is made by processing shark fins and cooking them. It is a dish that frequently appears in Chinese high-end cuisine, and its origins date back to the Ming Dynasty . Please refer to the shark fin document for more details .

In Japan , people have different preferences, but compared to Korea, shark meat is used more in addition to fins. This also appears in Master of Taste .[55] In particular, fish cake factories are good at producing shark meat. It is cheap because there are few areas where sharks are eaten, and it is mixed with shark cartilage and flesh and other fish meat to remove the ammonia smell, then fried and sold as fish cake.

Among the hoedeopbap sold at Korean Japanese restaurants, shark sashimi is added to the hoedeopbap that can be eaten cheaply (less than 5,000 won). Of course, here it is definitely not high-quality fish such as flounder or tuna . This is because shark meat is very cheap, as mentioned above. Shark meat is tough and tasteless at room temperature, so it is usually frozen when added to raw fish rice bowl.

In India , food made from milk shark ( Pendu shark ) is known to be good for breastfeeding in mothers. Interestingly, milk sharks are of the thorax shark family, so they are completely viviparous sharks whose offspring implant in the uterus and produce a placenta and umbilical cord , but they do not produce milk.[56]

In the West, haukartl, a dish made by fermenting shark and similar to Korean domebaegi, is famous. In addition, since so many sharks live in the waters around Australia, shark cuisine has naturally developed a bit, and fish and chips made of flakes are cheap and widely consumed. Flakes are not cornflakes but the meat of flat-faced sharks, and this is also mainly made of adult sharks. Baby sharks, which have less ammonia smell, are mainly used.

Surprisingly, many sects of Islam prohibit eating fish. Although all types of fish are said to be clean, sharks are subject to Islamic regulations that prohibit eating carnivores . However, it cannot be said in general that eating is prohibited in Islam. There are no regulations explicitly prohibiting the consumption of sharks, and all marine products caught in the sea are permitted.[57] Therefore, there are many sects that allow eating shark. Therefore, there are various opinions within Islam regarding the eating of sharks. In addition, even if it is interpreted as prohibiting eating, it is often done because it does not have scales, and the view that it is prohibited because it is a carnivorous fish is a minority opinion. Considering that the Islamic prophet Muhammad was born into the Hashemite clan of the Quraish tribe, which had sharks as their totem, it may be natural not to eat shark, but in fact, the view that it is prohibited in relation to the shark totem of the Quraish tribe has not been recorded in discussions among Muslims.

It is also a taboo fish in Jewish kosher food . This is because Leviticus forbids fish without scales.[58]

Inuit eat Greenland sharks, and it is said that if you catch them and soak them in sea water, the ammonia content is removed.

Shark extract is also used as medicine. Squalene, which is said to be extracted from the liver of deep-sea sharks, is representative.[59] Other than that, there are glucosamine , but the most well-known is squalene.[60] It also appears in Hemingway's < The Old Man and the Sea >, and it is the same shark liver oil that the main character drinks a cup at a time.

Squalene is widely used as a health medicine or cosmetic supplement, and is also used in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, vitamin D, bile acids, and cholesterol in the body. It is famous for its skin antioxidant function, but it has a protective effect against anticancer drug toxicity and[61] In addition to being known to have protective effects against environmental toxic substances and heavy metals, and protective effects against radiation, it is also one of the most sought-after medicinal herbs known for its effects such as strengthening immunity.

But shark extracts are not universal. As mentioned earlier, it was once suggested that it had an anticancer effect, but it turned out that it was not later. The shark extract is known to have anticancer effects because sharks are not well caught in cancer, and in epidemiological investigations, Squalen has been proposed as a contribution factor to reduce the risk of cancer.[62] As a result, a study was conducted that sharks do not get cancer, and efforts were made to find chemotherapy in shark cartilage, but in conclusion, it ended in vain. Of course , many animal experiments have shown that Squalen suppresses tumors, but clinical studies on anticancer effects have not been done yet.

It is used as a raw material for the development of vaccine in Corona 19, so sharks are faced with endangered species. #

Squalene Wikipedia reference information

Surprisingly, some sharks are even kept as pets. It may be surprising that raising sharks itself is a very non-mainstream activity, but there are cases where only a few small sharks are raised at home or in cafes. Sharks raised for ornamental purposes include small species such as blacktip reef sharks , magpie sharks , banded bamboo sharks, black-spotted sharks (horn sharks), epaulette sharks , and marbled cat sharks. They are unique pets with different characteristics for each type, allowing you to feel the individuality of each species. However, even for small sharks, most of them grow to more than 1m and require a large swimming space, so if you want to raise them, you have to be prepared to spend as much money as a car. Blacktip sharks cannot breathe unless they swim, and since they grow over 1.5m, it is virtually impossible to keep them at home. Magpie sharks sold in fish markets are also an endangered species and grow well over 1m when fully grown, so raising them at home is subject to significant restrictions.

Ornamental sharks are mostly benthic fish that live on the bottom, like barbel sharks, and are different species from the order of sharks and order of gnats that commonly come to mind when thinking of sharks. It's a bit boring to spend most of the day lying down on the floor. If you want to get started with pet sharks, we recommend small benthic sharks such as cat sharks. The cat shark , which is easily available in Korea, is only 50cm long and has a gentle nature, so even beginners can raise it without any burden. They are oviparous and reproduce by laying eggs, so they have excellent reproductive ability and if you are lucky, you can see their eggs.

However, since sharks are carnivorous, they have the disadvantage of being almost impossible to feed. Food costs are high as pieces of fish, shrimp, and squid must be fed regularly. When giving food, it is safer to give it with tweezers or tongs or throw it rather than by hand. Sharks have poor eyesight, so they may mistake the owner's hand for food and bite it. Even small sharks have a grip strength that is enough to make you see blood. It is also dangerous to put hands with food smell on them into the tank.

Another problem is joining together. No matter how docile the species, they are predators by nature and eat other fish species, making them difficult to keep together. Any living thing that enters its mouth is unconditionally eaten. If you are going to keep them together, the only way is to use fish that are large enough to not be attacked by sharks or to keep them full at all times by feeding them consistently.

If you look at the shark on display in the aquarium, you can often see the lower jaw protruding. This is inevitable because this is an interruption of cartilage due to iodine deficiency.

Named sharks like white sharks have a fierce appearance and have been a villain or reactionary for a while due to the influence of shark attacks and Jaws series . However, since the 21st century, the aggression of sharks has been exaggerated , and the sympathy of sympathy has emerged due to the shark fins , and it appears as a line.

Around 2020 , the characters and memes with sharks are suddenly pouring into the bamboo shoots.