sunscreen
Last Modified:
Redirected from 썬크림
Category
[ Expand/Collapse ]
|
1. outline2. history3. importance4. formulation5. Performance
5.1. Sun protection factor (SPF)5.2. PFA (Paprotection grade of UVA): UVA protection factor PFA grade indicated by the number of +5.3. Broad Spectrum, Multi Spectrum, UVA/UVB (Broadband blocking covering UVA and UVB)5.4. Appropriate amount5.5. expiration date
6. type of blocker6.1. physical sunscreen
7. how to apply8. how to erase9. environmental pollution problem10. Insufficient blocking power problem11. creations12. digression13. related document6.1.1. cloudiness phenomenon
6.2. chemical sunscreen6.2.1. blinding phenomenon
6.3. etc1. outline
Sunscreen refers to cosmetics applied on the skin to protect the skin from ultraviolet rays . Apply at the last step of basic makeup, right before applying color cosmetics. The first to be distributed in Korea were cream-type products, and as of 2025, they are the most common form of sunscreen, so they are commonly called sunscreen in Korea.
2. history
In the Salerno area of medieval Europe , women made ointment with ingredients such as 1 ounce of lily root, 2 ounces of pewter , frankincense , and mastic.[2] (Half a dram (dram, dr) each)[3] each), 1 dram of camphor , 1 ounce of animal oil , and as much rose water as needed . It was made by boiling cleanly washed lily roots in water, taking them out, grinding them thoroughly, dissolving them in a fire, filtering them well, adding animal fat with the salt removed, dissolving it, and then adding pewter dissolved in rose water and powdered. The principle is to physically block ultraviolet rays by reflecting sunlight, thus preventing the skin from burning in the sun to some extent .
In the early 20th century, before sunscreen became popular , hats and veils were worn to protect the skin from ultraviolet rays .[4] , masks , etc. have been developed. Beware of the scary(?) women’s swimming mask . In fact, you can still get a face covering as many times as you want, but in everyday life, especially in the summer, it is almost like not using it except in certain situations. Fortunately, since the COVID-19 incident in 2020, masks have become popular regardless of gender and age, so it may be one of the few positive functions of COVID-19.
In the early 20th century, before sunscreen became popular , hats and veils were worn to protect the skin from ultraviolet rays .[4] , masks , etc. have been developed. Beware of the scary(?) women’s swimming mask . In fact, you can still get a face covering as many times as you want, but in everyday life, especially in the summer, it is almost like not using it except in certain situations. Fortunately, since the COVID-19 incident in 2020, masks have become popular regardless of gender and age, so it may be one of the few positive functions of COVID-19.
3. importance
It's a hassle to apply and I often forget to apply it before going out. Otherwise, it is easy to avoid it because it is stuffy, sticky, and greasy. However, it is an important cosmetic that protects the skin from ultraviolet rays even under strong sunlight and can most effectively slow skin aging at the lowest price.
These days, many sunscreens with reduced oiliness have been released, so even for those who do not apply them because of the sticky feeling, if you care about your skin in the future, it is a good idea to apply a product with a light formulation. There are two types of mechanisms, each with their own pros and cons. It can also be made by mixing the functions of both.
There are quite a few cases where sunscreen is not applied because it is a hassle. If you do not apply sunscreen, your skin will get burned by the sun and your skin will age faster. Even if you look fine right now, wrinkles may increase at some point as you age. The same goes for age spots , which are called flowers of the underworld . If you want to maintain your youthful appearance even after your 40s, it is a good idea to apply it when you go out for a long period of time, especially on days with strong UV rays, if you have nothing to cover your face.[5] In addition to wrinkles, black dots can develop into malignant melanoma, a type of skin cancer , if exposed to ultraviolet rays continuously for a long time . Moles are usually collections of melanin , and if melanin damaged by strong ultraviolet rays proliferates, it can develop into cancer cells.
Ultraviolet rays are not completely blocked even by clouds . If you have outdoor activities , it is a good idea to apply sunscreen even on cloudy days or snowy or rainy days. UVB is sufficiently blocked by glass or clouds alone, but UVA[6] Because the wavelength is long, it easily passes through clouds or windows. Therefore, even if you work indoors all day, it is better to use a blocker if your seat is near a window and you cannot block the light. Of course, in these cases, it is often better to close the blinds rather than apply sunscreen.
It is also needed in winter . In the midday, with strong sunlight, especially in ski resorts with snow , it is best to apply it to the exposed face . Because the amount of ultraviolet light reflected by snow is considerable.[7] If you look at the sun reflected in the long -term snow , you will get snow blindness , and may be burned in the retina. Goggles are essential in the ski resort because of this extraordinary ultraviolet light. If you look at the photos of Inuit or Himalayan climbing, you can see the traces of the background covered with ice snow and the goggles or hats. The skin may be damaged like a summer day, not just a dark skin.
Even when tanning is required, tanning oil is required with a certain level of sunscreen. If you do not apply tanning oil, you will receive excessive UV rays, so the skin is very damaged, the color is not beautiful, and it becomes a rustic warm tone .
As such, ultraviolet rays not only accelerate skin aging , but are also a class 1 carcinogen designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) . In fact, in places such as Australia, where the ozone layer is depleted, ultraviolet rays are relatively high due to latitude, and there is a culture of sunbathing, the death rate due to skin cancer is higher than in other countries. Considering not only aesthetics but also skin health, it is essential to block UV rays.
In the 2020s, some doctors on YouTube and other places are attracting clicks on videos with provocative thumbnails such as ‘Do not apply sunscreen.’ However, as described above, the content is mainly about the side effects that can occur if you do not expose yourself to too much sunlight . Additionally, they do not deny the dangers and side effects of excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays, and they never conclude that one should not protect one's skin with sunscreen. Of course, it is essential to apply it if you are active outdoors where ultraviolet rays are strong, or if sunlight pours in through windows at a driving or work place.
These days, many sunscreens with reduced oiliness have been released, so even for those who do not apply them because of the sticky feeling, if you care about your skin in the future, it is a good idea to apply a product with a light formulation. There are two types of mechanisms, each with their own pros and cons. It can also be made by mixing the functions of both.
There are quite a few cases where sunscreen is not applied because it is a hassle. If you do not apply sunscreen, your skin will get burned by the sun and your skin will age faster. Even if you look fine right now, wrinkles may increase at some point as you age. The same goes for age spots , which are called flowers of the underworld . If you want to maintain your youthful appearance even after your 40s, it is a good idea to apply it when you go out for a long period of time, especially on days with strong UV rays, if you have nothing to cover your face.[5] In addition to wrinkles, black dots can develop into malignant melanoma, a type of skin cancer , if exposed to ultraviolet rays continuously for a long time . Moles are usually collections of melanin , and if melanin damaged by strong ultraviolet rays proliferates, it can develop into cancer cells.
Ultraviolet rays are not completely blocked even by clouds . If you have outdoor activities , it is a good idea to apply sunscreen even on cloudy days or snowy or rainy days. UVB is sufficiently blocked by glass or clouds alone, but UVA[6] Because the wavelength is long, it easily passes through clouds or windows. Therefore, even if you work indoors all day, it is better to use a blocker if your seat is near a window and you cannot block the light. Of course, in these cases, it is often better to close the blinds rather than apply sunscreen.
It is also needed in winter . In the midday, with strong sunlight, especially in ski resorts with snow , it is best to apply it to the exposed face . Because the amount of ultraviolet light reflected by snow is considerable.[7] If you look at the sun reflected in the long -term snow , you will get snow blindness , and may be burned in the retina. Goggles are essential in the ski resort because of this extraordinary ultraviolet light. If you look at the photos of Inuit or Himalayan climbing, you can see the traces of the background covered with ice snow and the goggles or hats. The skin may be damaged like a summer day, not just a dark skin.
Even when tanning is required, tanning oil is required with a certain level of sunscreen. If you do not apply tanning oil, you will receive excessive UV rays, so the skin is very damaged, the color is not beautiful, and it becomes a rustic warm tone .
As such, ultraviolet rays not only accelerate skin aging , but are also a class 1 carcinogen designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) . In fact, in places such as Australia, where the ozone layer is depleted, ultraviolet rays are relatively high due to latitude, and there is a culture of sunbathing, the death rate due to skin cancer is higher than in other countries. Considering not only aesthetics but also skin health, it is essential to block UV rays.
In the 2020s, some doctors on YouTube and other places are attracting clicks on videos with provocative thumbnails such as ‘Do not apply sunscreen.’ However, as described above, the content is mainly about the side effects that can occur if you do not expose yourself to too much sunlight . Additionally, they do not deny the dangers and side effects of excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays, and they never conclude that one should not protect one's skin with sunscreen. Of course, it is essential to apply it if you are active outdoors where ultraviolet rays are strong, or if sunlight pours in through windows at a driving or work place.
4. formulation
- Cream: This is a cream-shaped product and is the most common and commonly available form. Generally, it is oily and the formulation is thick, so it does not spread well and takes a long time to apply.[8] Because it is mainly a physical blocker, it tends to be cloudy, so likes and dislikes are greatly divided. Fortunately, there are many products that are creamy, easy to apply, and reduce white cast and oiliness. Physical and chemical blockers may be used together or only one of them may be used.
- Sunloin: If the name is a thinner formulation than the cream, it is usually a moisturizing effect of general lotion . It is almost a chemical blocker. In some cases, physical blockers run out of line.
- Sunmilk: Also called sunfluid, it is thinner than sun lotion, almost like water, and applies quite lightly. In terms of application properties, it is almost a chemical blocker.
- Sun Gel: This product comes in a slightly viscous formulation, and it is convenient to think of it as having a similar texture to a commonly used gel-type moisture cream. Almost always chemical blockers are used to create a gel form. There are also products that burst water droplets when applied, and if these products are shaken too much, the formulation may separate. There is no problem using it.
- Sunspray: It is a spray form that makes it easier to use. Compared to sunscreen or lotion, performance or sustainability may be lower. It is often beaten by the media, but it is close to horror marketing, and it is not possible to see the effect of promoting in home shopping or advertising, but only sun spray is not completely black. However, for a certain blocking effect, it is a good idea to apply other sunscreen products first and then sprinkle it from time to time. As it is a spray, there is a risk of explosion or fire, so a spray that charges relatively safe oxygen. There are products that contain physical/chemical ingredients and chemical ingredients. However, there is a risk of inhalation of sunscreen particles that are scattered in the air in air. # When spraying sunspray, sprinkle the wind in a well -ventilated outdoor state, and take a breath when spraying. Then, check if there is a person around before spraying the blocker and use it.
- Sunmist: Literally in the form of a spray-type spray attached to a container, the texture of the contents is the same as the sunspray above.
- Sun Stick: It looks similar to sunblock and lip gloss, and the capacity is very different from mid -10G to the mid -20g. Overseas, they are rapidly distributed to men who enjoy outdoor sports ( surfing , yachts , golf , tennis , climbing , skiing , etc.), but they are still non -mainstream in Korea, but Korea is also rapidly distributed. Naturally, it is effective for the right part, so if you want to stop the burned catastrophe except for the right place, you have to apply the exposure area evenly. The liquid form is used as a feeling of spreading it by hand, but it is a little less, but it only applys it because it is applied only to the right part. The sunstick is naturally solved by the fact that it is difficult to control the quantity when it is a disadvantage of sunscreen. Even if you just rub it roughly, it is applied uniformly throughout the face, so if you apply it again after that, you can minimize the white tack. However, if you apply acne or greasy when applying it because it is an oily solid chestnut formulation rather than sunscreen. There is also a sun stick with powder or matte formulation for a soft finish.
- Puff: A sponge or puff is attached to the container, so when you tap it, the contents come out little by little.
- Sun cushion: This is a type of sunscreen in an air cushion container that can be applied by patting it on with a puff. It's difficult to control the amount because you have to apply a lot, but it's more popular these days because it's easier than applying it with your hands and it's good for touch-up makeup. However, if you apply too much, a white cast may occur, and for hygienic reasons, it is best to replace the puff.
5. Performance
5.1. Sun protection factor (SPF)
SPFSilver (is)It is connected here.Technology to authenticate email server informationthe contents aboutMail server registration system documentcastPlease note.It refers to the degree to which UVB rays are blocked among ultraviolet rays , and the number refers to how many times the time it takes for erythema to occur due to ultraviolet rays is delayed. UVB causes sunburn, blisters, erythema, skin cancer , cataracts, and freckles. This guy is the main culprit who suddenly gets exposed to sunlight and his skin turns red and burns. There is an even more evil substance called UVC, but it does not reach the ground and cannot be exposed to it except in alpine areas higher than thousands of meters or in polar regions where the ozone layer is open (except for UV lamps in laboratories).
SPF is a number related to the amount of UV rays that are blocked. This means that if you apply an SPF 50 blocker when the amount of UV rays is 1, the amount of UV rays reaching the skin will be reduced to 1/50 (2%). Therefore, the higher the SPF number, the stronger the blocking function, and it has nothing to do with time. It usually disappears after 2-3 hours, so you need to reapply.
There is also a saying that 'blocks UV rays for 15 minutes per SPF index', but this is clearly false information and appears to come from the fact that on average, erythema occurs on Asian skin in 15 minutes. In fact, if the SPF index is 1, the blocking power is 0. This is because for each subsequent increase in the level by 1, the time for erythema to occur is delayed by 15 minutes on average. However, the time it takes for erythema to occur varies depending on various factors such as individual differences/race/season/weather/moisture of the skin, and since sunscreen is removed by sweat/sebum/friction, etc., the calculation method of '15 minutes per SPF index 1' is also incorrect and should be based on the amount of light irradiation. (irradiation amount = light intensity x light irradiation time)
The measurement method first selects 10 or more subjects and selects clean, dry skin as the irradiation site. After exposing the area to be measured to UVB rays without applying a sunscreen product, skin erythema is assessed between 16 and 24 hours. The minimum amount of UVB light exposed to the area where erythema appears is considered the minimum amount of erythema. After applying the sunscreen product, go through the same process and measure the minimum amount of erythema again.
The formula derived from this experiment is
SPF is a number related to the amount of UV rays that are blocked. This means that if you apply an SPF 50 blocker when the amount of UV rays is 1, the amount of UV rays reaching the skin will be reduced to 1/50 (2%). Therefore, the higher the SPF number, the stronger the blocking function, and it has nothing to do with time. It usually disappears after 2-3 hours, so you need to reapply.
There is also a saying that 'blocks UV rays for 15 minutes per SPF index', but this is clearly false information and appears to come from the fact that on average, erythema occurs on Asian skin in 15 minutes. In fact, if the SPF index is 1, the blocking power is 0. This is because for each subsequent increase in the level by 1, the time for erythema to occur is delayed by 15 minutes on average. However, the time it takes for erythema to occur varies depending on various factors such as individual differences/race/season/weather/moisture of the skin, and since sunscreen is removed by sweat/sebum/friction, etc., the calculation method of '15 minutes per SPF index 1' is also incorrect and should be based on the amount of light irradiation. (irradiation amount = light intensity x light irradiation time)
The measurement method first selects 10 or more subjects and selects clean, dry skin as the irradiation site. After exposing the area to be measured to UVB rays without applying a sunscreen product, skin erythema is assessed between 16 and 24 hours. The minimum amount of UVB light exposed to the area where erythema appears is considered the minimum amount of erythema. After applying the sunscreen product, go through the same process and measure the minimum amount of erythema again.
The formula derived from this experiment is
SPF = MED of skin with sunscreen applied[9] / MED of unprotected skin
SPF 1 means no sunscreen or no sunscreen effect at all. And in the case of SPF 2, if the experiment shows that erythema appears after exposure for 20 minutes, for example, before applying the blocker, erythema appears after exposure for 40 minutes after application. In other words, it is said that the time until erythema occurs has been doubled, and if this is expressed in terms of the amount of UV rays, SPF 2 is equivalent to reducing the amount of UV rays penetrating by 50% (1/2) compared to SPF 1. So, if a person gets erythema the next day after being exposed to UV rays for 30 minutes, and erythema does not occur until after 5 hours (300 minutes) of exposure after applying sunscreen, the SPF of this sunscreen is 300 minutes: 30 minutes, which is 300 ÷30＝10, that is, it can be said that it has the blocking power of SPF 10. Or you can understand that a product with SPF 15 only reaches the skin with 1/15 of the total amount of UV rays and bounces off the rest.
However, since erythema does not appear on the skin right away, there is a possibility that a burn is actually progressing.[10] Accurate judgment becomes difficult because the reaction is not immediate when judging ultraviolet rays in terms of time. So, originally, SPF meant how much it could extend the safe time under sunlight, but eventually people came to understand it as a quantity, meaning how strongly it blocks ultraviolet rays.
SPF effect comparison chart. You can see that it is in the form of a logarithmic function . You can see that SPF 15 (about 93%) is only about 3% points behind 30, and the difference between 30 and 50 is less than 2% points. For reference, the above numbers are when the blocker is covered fairly thickly. Regardless of whether the SPF of the blocker is high or low, you will never get much effect if you apply it thinly.
As shown in the table above, as long as SPF is 15 or higher, there is no problem in blocking UV rays in daily life. Rather, some people recommend SPF 15 to 30 because a high SPF index may irritate the skin of some people. However, some people say that it is better to use SPF 50 because skin irritation is highly subjective and even a few percent accumulation can make a difference. Furthermore, a study in the 2010s found that ‘SPF100 sunscreen is more effective in preventing burns than SPF50 sunscreen.’[11] Of course, since the results were published after only one day, more research seems necessary, but since it was a double-blind test on about 200 people, it is difficult to just ignore the results. So, it is not a bad choice to buy and apply something with a high SPF.
In foreign countries, products with SPF 50 or higher are common, but in Korea, the maximum possible labeling is 50.[12] This allows for a hidden interpretation of the Cosmetics Act that if SPF exceeds 50, the difference in efficacy will not be significant. If SPF 50 or higher becomes possible, cosmetics companies will excessively increase the content of sunscreen ingredients to increase this number as much as possible. As a result, there is a possibility that more consumers will suffer from skin problems while trying to block sunlight. There is a numerical difference of two times between SPF 50 and SPF 100, and although it may seem like a huge difference to the eye, in reality, SPF 50 has a UVB blocking rate of 98% and SPF100 has a UV blocking rate of 99%, so there is a 1% point difference. However, if used for marketing, the UVB transmittance of SPF 50 is 2% and the transmittance of SPF 100 is 1%, so even if it is advertised as having double the UV protection effect, punishment for exaggerated advertising becomes ambiguous. In many ways, the SPF 50 labeling restriction is fortunate for consumers.
5.2. PFA (Paprotection grade of UVA): UVA protection factor PFA grade indicated by the number of +
Among ultraviolet rays, it is adjacent to visible rays, so it has a long wavelength and penetrates deep into the skin, indicating the degree to which it blocks UVA, which causes skin aging and pigmentation, such as wrinkles, blemishes, and freckles. The measurement standard is based on the degree of pigmentation of the skin , and MPPD (minimum continuous immediate darkening amount) is used as the standard during testing.
Judgment regarding PA grade is as follows.
Judgment regarding PA grade is as follows.
PFA = MPPD of skin with UVA protection applied / MPPD of skin without UVA protection MPPD (Minimum Sustained Immediate Blackening Amount): The minimum amount of UVA irradiation at which faint blackening is recognized in all areas of the irradiated area in 2 to 4 hours after UVA is irradiated to human skin. Irradiation amount = light intensity x light irradiation time |
According to the results of the experiment, the PA (UV A blocking grade) is determined according to the PFA (UV A blocking factor).
Each time the number of + symbols increases, the blocking power increases by at least two times. PFA 2 can be interpreted to mean that half the amount of UVA light reaches the skin compared to when no blocker is applied, and PFA 2 to 4 is indicated as PA+, PFA 4 to 8 is PA++, and PFA 8 and above is PA+++. A simple explanation of the UV blocking effect is as follows.
Each time the number of + symbols increases, the blocking power increases by at least two times. PFA 2 can be interpreted to mean that half the amount of UVA light reaches the skin compared to when no blocker is applied, and PFA 2 to 4 is indicated as PA+, PFA 4 to 8 is PA++, and PFA 8 and above is PA+++. A simple explanation of the UV blocking effect is as follows.
PA+ is 50%, PA++ is 50~75% PA+++ is 75~87.5% PA ++++ is 87.5 ~ 93.75% This means that you can see the effect of blocking UV rays. |
Originally, +++ was the highest notation, but at the end of 2012, a new level of ++++ was announced in Japan, meaning 1/16 or less. This is because the intensity of ultraviolet rays has become stronger due to global warming, and the number of people enjoying sports such as surfing in the ocean , where ultraviolet rays are especially strong, has increased. And since the mid-2010s, sunscreens with ++++ level (blocking rate of 93.75%) have been appearing on the market in Korea. ++++ has been recognized in Korea since January 2017, and domestically released ++++ products have also been available since January 1, 2017. Many ++++ products are more than 1.5 times more expensive than +++, with a difference of about 12.5%p from the minimum price. If the highest standard is used, there is no difference of even 7%p, so even +++ shows strong blocking power, so we recommend choosing a sunscreen that suits you.
Since the PA index is a term mainly used in Asia, foreign sunscreens should not be discarded if they do not have a PA value. In Europe, the PPD index is usually used.
source
5.3. Broad Spectrum, Multi Spectrum, UVA/UVB (Broadband blocking covering UVA and UVB)
This is a concept mainly used in the United States. It is not a value evaluated on human subjects like SPF or PA index, but is measured through an in vitro evaluation method (applying to a skin simulator and measuring UV transmittance with a device).
SPF is a blocking value related to UVB and PA is only related to UVA, and almost all blockers currently on the market contain these two functions together. Unlike this, the broad spectrum is a unified concept that guarantees blocking of the entire ultraviolet band, such as UVA and UVB , and its labeling basically uses only the SPF value.
This term is not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . In other words, regardless of whether or not it can actually effectively block UVA, the cosmetics industry will not be subject to any sanctions if they say, ‘This is a broad spectrum product.’ To begin with, even many cosmetics store employees may not be familiar with this term.
Because of this cunning standard, it is a reality that American sunscreens cannot stand a foot in the European market. Europe does not use a PA index, but European sunscreens have a PFA index of 10 when SPF 30 is 10, and the UVA blocking power is 1/10. While it is compulsory to add a PA index of 1/3 or more of the SPF index, American products do not, so many American products fall short of the European standard. Even in Korea, not many people buy and use American sunscreen, so surprisingly few people know this fact.
SPF is a blocking value related to UVB and PA is only related to UVA, and almost all blockers currently on the market contain these two functions together. Unlike this, the broad spectrum is a unified concept that guarantees blocking of the entire ultraviolet band, such as UVA and UVB , and its labeling basically uses only the SPF value.
This term is not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . In other words, regardless of whether or not it can actually effectively block UVA, the cosmetics industry will not be subject to any sanctions if they say, ‘This is a broad spectrum product.’ To begin with, even many cosmetics store employees may not be familiar with this term.
Because of this cunning standard, it is a reality that American sunscreens cannot stand a foot in the European market. Europe does not use a PA index, but European sunscreens have a PFA index of 10 when SPF 30 is 10, and the UVA blocking power is 1/10. While it is compulsory to add a PA index of 1/3 or more of the SPF index, American products do not, so many American products fall short of the European standard. Even in Korea, not many people buy and use American sunscreen, so surprisingly few people know this fact.
5.4. Appropriate amount
In fact, when applying sunscreen, it does not have a rice cake as in the experiment, so it does not have a blocking effect as much as the blocking index (2 mg/cm² is applied when measuring the UV protection index). Regardless of the blocking index, it is recommended to apply every two to three hours because it is pushed and peeled off by the sweat , sebum and external environment secreted by the skin. In particular, if it flows in a large amount of sweat or water, the effect is greatly reduced.
The appropriate amount that dermatologists agree on is to apply it by squeezing it out as long as two finger joints, and it can be seen as essentially a paste . It would be ideal to apply sunscreen like this, but in reality, it is very difficult to apply an appropriate amount due to the formulation, whiteness, oiliness, preference, etc. of the sunscreen. Even if you try to reapply it, it may be difficult to reapply it due to oiliness, white cast, or colored makeup. Like Yang Hyeon-jong, described as an example in the white turbidity paragraph at the bottom, it is embarrassing for
For reference, there is also a research result that shows that if the amount of sunscreen used is 1/2 of the experimental standard amount, the blocking power becomes 1/3. Therefore, for those who find it realistically impossible to use a small amount of blocker or use a fixed amount , a blocker with a high blocking index is more suitable .
5.5. expiration date
Like other cosmetics, sunscreen also has an expiration date recommended by the manufacturer. It is rare for the expiration date to be separately indicated on the container, but in most cases, the expiration date can be inferred from the manufacturing date written on it. If it is unopened, it is recommended to use it within about 3 years from the manufacturing date, and if opened, it is recommended to use it within 6 months to 1 year. It is said that if that period is exceeded, the ingredients may deteriorate and the blocking effect may decrease.
However, there is no particularly reliable data on the blocking value that decreases over time, and it is true that cosmetics industry officials simply repeat the statement, "You cannot see the effect after the expiration date." There is controversy, such as suspicions that such claims are in fact a conspiracy theory that suggests that the industry is in a hurry to promote. In fact, it is common for many people to purchase sunscreen and use it for several years until it runs out, so after a certain period of time has passed from the date of manufacture, accurate measurements of the blocking power of unopened or opened products and medical explanation for skin problems caused by deterioration are required.
In theory, the physical barrier ingredient, which is literally just white stone powder, will remain the same over time, but the chemical barrier ingredient has the potential to deteriorate.
However, putting these controversies aside, sunscreen is not that expensive compared to other cosmetics, so even if you have some leftover when you need it, there is nothing wrong with buying a new, cheap and provensale product and applying it, considering the expiration date.[13]
However, there is no particularly reliable data on the blocking value that decreases over time, and it is true that cosmetics industry officials simply repeat the statement, "You cannot see the effect after the expiration date." There is controversy, such as suspicions that such claims are in fact a conspiracy theory that suggests that the industry is in a hurry to promote. In fact, it is common for many people to purchase sunscreen and use it for several years until it runs out, so after a certain period of time has passed from the date of manufacture, accurate measurements of the blocking power of unopened or opened products and medical explanation for skin problems caused by deterioration are required.
In theory, the physical barrier ingredient, which is literally just white stone powder, will remain the same over time, but the chemical barrier ingredient has the potential to deteriorate.
However, putting these controversies aside, sunscreen is not that expensive compared to other cosmetics, so even if you have some leftover when you need it, there is nothing wrong with buying a new, cheap and proven
6. type of blocker
6.1. physical sunscreen
It physically forms a protective shield on the face that reflects ultraviolet rays. There is titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide) and zinc oxide (zinc oxide). There are only two physical blockers . If the sunscreen does not contain these ingredients, it is simply a chemical sunscreen underneath. Both are powdered from rust , a white substance created by reacting metal with oxygen . In theory, spreading stone powder on your face blocks ultraviolet rays. Thanks to this, it has a longer lasting UV protection than chemical sunscreens that are easily washed off with sweat or water or absorbed over time, but it is still a good idea to reapply every few hours.
These metal oxides are eco-friendly as they are not harmful to nature, and zinc oxide in particular helps relieve inflammation, so it is used in body lotions and bath products and rarely causes skin problems or side effects.[14] The downside is that if you apply too much, a white cast occurs that makes your face appear pale.[15] The application is also thick. In addition, in order to block a wide range of UVA and UVB spectrums with only inorganic sunscreen ingredients, a high concentration of sunscreen is required, but in this case, the white clouding phenomenon occurs... In most cases, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide ingredients sold on the market do not specify the percentage or concentration contained, and even if they are listed, they often do not provide effective UV blocking performance.[16] In other words, it is a recommended product if it is an inexpensive inorganic sunscreen that blocks UV rays A and B well, has little white cast, and is inexpensive.
In order to reduce this white clouding phenomenon, products are also available in which the physical blocker ingredients, which are usually fine in the micro scale, are ground to the nano scale. Although it has the advantage of significantly reducing the white cloudiness, it has also sparked controversy over its safety as questions have been raised about whether nanoparticles can penetrate the skin and penetrate cells. As a result of various experiments, until the 2010s, there were no results showing that nanoparticles penetrate cells. Nanoparticles disperse on the skin surface or sometimes reach hair follicles, but are pushed out onto the skin as hair grows. According to research by experts, no toxicity from nanoparticles has ever been observed, and it is reported that there was no harm even on wounded skin.
In addition, there were rumors that titanium dioxide, which has become nanoparticles, enters cells and causes dementia . In a joint study between WHO and FAO, 10 laboratory rats were fed 100 mg of titanium dioxide per kg of body weight for 34 days, but all were healthy and did not show any pathological symptoms. In fact, as a food additive, WHO and FAO set the allowable daily intake (ADI) of titanium dioxide as 'no limit'. ( # ) On the other hand, in France, it is said that titanium dioxide will be removed from food additives, saying that there is not sufficient evidence for its safety. ( # ) If nanoparticles or titanium dioxide are questionable, you can choose a blocker or chemical blocker made of zinc oxide.As explained later, the problem with chemical blockers is that they are more controversial. Ultimately, the choice is up to the consumer.
Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are also ingredients in diaper rash cream, and for this reason, they are also recommended for sensitive skin and babies. Still, it can be toxic to the body if eaten or inhaled.
BB cream , foundation, concealer, air cushion, etc. used as base makeup can all be considered physical sunscreens. This is because the ingredient responsible for the covering power of base makeup is titanium dioxide, a sunscreen. If you add red iron oxide and yellow iron oxide to a physical sunscreen to create skin color, it is a BB cream and foundation. Therefore, most base makeup products have a UV protection factor listed. However, the amount of makeup product applied cannot sufficiently block UV rays, so it is best to use it together with sunscreen.
These metal oxides are eco-friendly as they are not harmful to nature, and zinc oxide in particular helps relieve inflammation, so it is used in body lotions and bath products and rarely causes skin problems or side effects.[14] The downside is that if you apply too much, a white cast occurs that makes your face appear pale.[15] The application is also thick. In addition, in order to block a wide range of UVA and UVB spectrums with only inorganic sunscreen ingredients, a high concentration of sunscreen is required, but in this case, the white clouding phenomenon occurs... In most cases, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide ingredients sold on the market do not specify the percentage or concentration contained, and even if they are listed, they often do not provide effective UV blocking performance.[16] In other words, it is a recommended product if it is an inexpensive inorganic sunscreen that blocks UV rays A and B well, has little white cast, and is inexpensive.
In order to reduce this white clouding phenomenon, products are also available in which the physical blocker ingredients, which are usually fine in the micro scale, are ground to the nano scale. Although it has the advantage of significantly reducing the white cloudiness, it has also sparked controversy over its safety as questions have been raised about whether nanoparticles can penetrate the skin and penetrate cells. As a result of various experiments, until the 2010s, there were no results showing that nanoparticles penetrate cells. Nanoparticles disperse on the skin surface or sometimes reach hair follicles, but are pushed out onto the skin as hair grows. According to research by experts, no toxicity from nanoparticles has ever been observed, and it is reported that there was no harm even on wounded skin.
In addition, there were rumors that titanium dioxide, which has become nanoparticles, enters cells and causes dementia . In a joint study between WHO and FAO, 10 laboratory rats were fed 100 mg of titanium dioxide per kg of body weight for 34 days, but all were healthy and did not show any pathological symptoms. In fact, as a food additive, WHO and FAO set the allowable daily intake (ADI) of titanium dioxide as 'no limit'. ( # ) On the other hand, in France, it is said that titanium dioxide will be removed from food additives, saying that there is not sufficient evidence for its safety. ( # ) If nanoparticles or titanium dioxide are questionable, you can choose a blocker or chemical blocker made of zinc oxide.
Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are also ingredients in diaper rash cream, and for this reason, they are also recommended for sensitive skin and babies. Still, it can be toxic to the body if eaten or inhaled.
BB cream , foundation, concealer, air cushion, etc. used as base makeup can all be considered physical sunscreens. This is because the ingredient responsible for the covering power of base makeup is titanium dioxide, a sunscreen. If you add red iron oxide and yellow iron oxide to a physical sunscreen to create skin color, it is a BB cream and foundation. Therefore, most base makeup products have a UV protection factor listed. However, the amount of makeup product applied cannot sufficiently block UV rays, so it is best to use it together with sunscreen.
6.1.1. cloudiness phenomenon
The photo is of Yang Hyeon-jong
This is a phenomenon in which the applied area turns white when sunscreen is applied. This mainly occurs in sunscreens containing physical ingredients such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide (titanium dioxide). As explained earlier, this is because the ingredients themselves are white metal powders. In the case of titanium dioxide, its white coloring power is so strong that it is also used in art paints .[18] In other words, it is the same as if you spread white paint on your face, so it is natural for your face to turn white.
When white turbidity occurs, not only does it turn white, but the applied area may also have a slight bluish tint, which can make your face look pale. It depends on the sunscreen, but most physical blockers turn quite white, like BB cream, so it may feel a little strange when a man applies it.
Fortunately, as cosmetics technology has developed in the 2020s, the phenomenon of excessive whiteness has been somewhat reduced in products containing physical blockers, and products that also serve as tone-up to brighten skin color with moderate whiteness have appeared. However, because there are still many people who dislike the white cast phenomenon itself, 'sunscreen without white cast' often appears in related search terms and product keywords on portals and shopping malls.
When sunscreen containing an inorganic sunscreen is applied to the arms and legs or neck, the sunscreen may appear white on collars, sleeves, car seats, armrests, neckrests, bags, wallets, and other leather products. According to the principle described above, it is the same as if it were just metal powder, so it is not easily removed with ordinary laundry detergents that mainly remove organic contamination. You need to be careful because it will not be easily removed unless you use a special cleaner. Therefore, if you want to avoid this phenomenon, it is better to apply physical sunscreen only to the face, and use a transparent chemical sunscreen that does not leave a white cast on the body if possible, or cover it with clothing or a t-shirt.[19]
6.2. chemical sunscreen
It prevents skin damage by converting ultraviolet energy absorbed into the skin into heat and sending it out. Unlike physical blockers, it spreads easily and leaves little white cast, but is generally more easily removed by sweat , sebum , and water than physical blockers. However, there are some opinions that whether a product is easily removed by sweat or water is determined by differences in formulation rather than differences in sunscreen ingredients, so some say that this should be taken into consideration, but it is fundamentally true that it needs to be reapplied more often than physical sunscreen. This is not simply because chemical sunscreens break down and are easily erased, but also because there is a limit to converting ultraviolet rays into heat energy per dose used. In addition, chemical sunscreens increase the heat of the face due to their working principle, so if you are concerned about skin trouble due to high facial heat, it is better to use a physical sunscreen product.
Cosmetics are a mixture of water and oil, like mayonnaise. There are water formulations where water surrounds oil, and oil formulations where oil surrounds water. Moisture formulations, in which water surrounds oil, feel soft and moist, but are easily removed by water, so they are mainly used in basic cosmetic formulations. Oil formulations, in which oil surrounds water, feel relatively stuffy, but are not easily removed by water, so they are used in base makeup and sun care products.
Rather, most chemical sunscreens contain oil or oil-friendly ingredients, so the ingredients themselves do not wash off with water. However, when making sun gel or sun lotion formulations using chemical sunscreens, they are made into O/W moisture formulations that cover the sunscreen ingredients with water for a moist feeling, so they are easily washed off with sweat or water. This is a problem that is difficult to ignore because sunscreens are mainly used in the summer. There is controversy about the harmfulness of ingredients, and more people cause skin reactions than inorganic substances. However, even if it is an inorganic sunscreen, there is a chance of causing trouble if it does not suit your skin, so it is okay to choose it selectively as long as it suits you and overcomes eye irritation. If you don't like itchy eyes, you can apply an inorganic sunscreen around your eyes and an organic sunscreen elsewhere. A thin formulation like Sunmilk is as comfortable as a body lotion when applied to the body. Inorganic sunscreen has a thick consistency, so it is difficult to apply it to every nook and cranny.
The representative ingredient is avobenzone (Pasol 1789, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane).[20] , octinoxate (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate), etc. Compared to physical blocking ingredients, which are easy to understand because there are only two ingredients, the number of ingredients is diverse, the blocking range is wide, and the composition of ingredients that can be combined is also diverse. The most used one in Korea is not avobenzone, but ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, and this is true... Avobenzone is a benzophenone-based photosensitizer that converts part of the UVA wavelength into an excited energy state and emits it. In other words, it effectively blocks, if not all, UVA wavelengths. In contrast, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate reacts effectively only to UVB wavelengths and has little reaction to UVA. Some in the cosmetics industry or so-called ‘beauty blogs’ advertise that it is an ingredient that also blocks UVA. However, anyone who has studied science at all will know that it is difficult to expect a proper UVA blocking effect from this ingredient. But in fact, when purchasing sunscreen, consumers do not need to look at the ingredients to determine efficacy. This is because the SPF index and PA index are indicated. When registering sunscreen for sale, the clinical screening index is reported and registered with the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, so there is no need for consumers to guess the UV protection index by looking at the cosmetic ingredients. (If the listed blocking index is different, it is a scam and the company should be shut down.) When looking at cosmetic ingredients, it is time to consider their harmfulness or find ingredients that do not suit you.
In addition to these ingredients, oxybenzone[21] There are various ingredients such as , homosalate, and octocrylene, but they do not block UVA as effectively as avobenzone. Maxoril is also a good sunscreen ingredient, but for some reason, its use is banned in the United States . In addition to this, Tinosorb Mexoryl SX[22] There are similar ingredients.
In addition to irritating reactions, a 2007 study by the University of California showed that when the chemical filters of organic sunscreens are exposed to ultraviolet rays in the lower layer of the epidermis, active oxygen is generated, which may actually accelerate aging (although it is stated that it is less dangerous if applied frequently enough to clearly block UV rays). In fact, even among experts, opinions are quite divided on the pros and cons of organic sunscreens.
Those who defend organic sunscreens criticize those who argue that organic sunscreens are useless for intentionally attempting biased research, such as making claims in the realm of speculation without direct evidence or selecting only uncertain samples for research, and it seems difficult to accept the doubts raised in such a small number of studies as credible results. If you fall with everything on your back, you have no choice but to use a weapon blocker, a parasol, or a face covering.[23] However, the use of tools has limitations in daily life, and it is very difficult to live in society when the white cloud phenomenon occurs with inorganic blockers, so if you think it is more beneficial to block the real threat of ultraviolet rays rather than worrying about uncertain risks, there is nothing that cannot be used. It's a matter of choosing according to your own situation.
Unlike physical blockers, which show a blocking effect immediately after application, it is said that the blocking effect begins to appear 20 to 30 minutes after application. In fact, as a result of an erythema experiment with an organic sunscreen in the video above, the effect appears 30 minutes after application.
Cosmetics are a mixture of water and oil, like mayonnaise. There are water formulations where water surrounds oil, and oil formulations where oil surrounds water. Moisture formulations, in which water surrounds oil, feel soft and moist, but are easily removed by water, so they are mainly used in basic cosmetic formulations. Oil formulations, in which oil surrounds water, feel relatively stuffy, but are not easily removed by water, so they are used in base makeup and sun care products.
Rather, most chemical sunscreens contain oil or oil-friendly ingredients, so the ingredients themselves do not wash off with water. However, when making sun gel or sun lotion formulations using chemical sunscreens, they are made into O/W moisture formulations that cover the sunscreen ingredients with water for a moist feeling, so they are easily washed off with sweat or water. This is a problem that is difficult to ignore because sunscreens are mainly used in the summer. There is controversy about the harmfulness of ingredients, and more people cause skin reactions than inorganic substances. However, even if it is an inorganic sunscreen, there is a chance of causing trouble if it does not suit your skin, so it is okay to choose it selectively as long as it suits you and overcomes eye irritation. If you don't like itchy eyes, you can apply an inorganic sunscreen around your eyes and an organic sunscreen elsewhere. A thin formulation like Sunmilk is as comfortable as a body lotion when applied to the body. Inorganic sunscreen has a thick consistency, so it is difficult to apply it to every nook and cranny.
The representative ingredient is avobenzone (Pasol 1789, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane).[20] , octinoxate (ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate), etc. Compared to physical blocking ingredients, which are easy to understand because there are only two ingredients, the number of ingredients is diverse, the blocking range is wide, and the composition of ingredients that can be combined is also diverse. The most used one in Korea is not avobenzone, but ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, and this is true... Avobenzone is a benzophenone-based photosensitizer that converts part of the UVA wavelength into an excited energy state and emits it. In other words, it effectively blocks, if not all, UVA wavelengths. In contrast, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate reacts effectively only to UVB wavelengths and has little reaction to UVA. Some in the cosmetics industry or so-called ‘beauty blogs’ advertise that it is an ingredient that also blocks UVA. However, anyone who has studied science at all will know that it is difficult to expect a proper UVA blocking effect from this ingredient. But in fact, when purchasing sunscreen, consumers do not need to look at the ingredients to determine efficacy. This is because the SPF index and PA index are indicated. When registering sunscreen for sale, the clinical screening index is reported and registered with the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, so there is no need for consumers to guess the UV protection index by looking at the cosmetic ingredients. (If the listed blocking index is different, it is a scam and the company should be shut down.) When looking at cosmetic ingredients, it is time to consider their harmfulness or find ingredients that do not suit you.
In addition to these ingredients, oxybenzone[21] There are various ingredients such as , homosalate, and octocrylene, but they do not block UVA as effectively as avobenzone. Maxoril is also a good sunscreen ingredient, but for some reason, its use is banned in the United States . In addition to this, Tinosorb Mexoryl SX[22] There are similar ingredients.
In addition to irritating reactions, a 2007 study by the University of California showed that when the chemical filters of organic sunscreens are exposed to ultraviolet rays in the lower layer of the epidermis, active oxygen is generated, which may actually accelerate aging (although it is stated that it is less dangerous if applied frequently enough to clearly block UV rays). In fact, even among experts, opinions are quite divided on the pros and cons of organic sunscreens.
Those who defend organic sunscreens criticize those who argue that organic sunscreens are useless for intentionally attempting biased research, such as making claims in the realm of speculation without direct evidence or selecting only uncertain samples for research, and it seems difficult to accept the doubts raised in such a small number of studies as credible results. If you fall with everything on your back, you have no choice but to use a weapon blocker, a parasol, or a face covering.[23] However, the use of tools has limitations in daily life, and it is very difficult to live in society when the white cloud phenomenon occurs with inorganic blockers, so if you think it is more beneficial to block the real threat of ultraviolet rays rather than worrying about uncertain risks, there is nothing that cannot be used. It's a matter of choosing according to your own situation.
Unlike physical blockers, which show a blocking effect immediately after application, it is said that the blocking effect begins to appear 20 to 30 minutes after application. In fact, as a result of an erythema experiment with an organic sunscreen in the video above, the effect appears 30 minutes after application.
6.2.1. blinding phenomenon
While physical blockers have a white clouding effect, chemical blockers have a stinging effect on the eyes. Of course, physical blockers can make your eyes feel cold if they get into your eyes, but chemical blockers can make your eyes feel cold just by applying them around the eyes.
Key ingredients in chemical blockers include oxybenzone, avobenzone, and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate. These ingredients are harmful to the eyes, so when applied around the eyes, they irritate the eyes and cause a cold feeling.
This phenomenon occurs even if the blocker does not get directly into the eyes, and some people experience severe eye irritation even if they apply a small amount to the area around the eyes or even to the cheek. Of course, there are some people who do not feel any irritation in their eyes even if they apply a chemical blocker (...) .
On the other hand, physical blockers are just finely ground white stone powder made for easy application, so they do not cause any chemical reaction when exposed to ultraviolet rays. It simply blocks ultraviolet rays by reflecting the ultraviolet rays like a mirror, which is a unique effect of stone powder. Therefore, if you suffer from eye irritation, it is better to apply a 100% physical blocker rather than a chemical blocker or mixed sunscreen. Physical blockers are recommended to protect eyesight , especially for children .
If you want to avoid both the stinging eyes of chemical blockers and the white clouding effect of physical blockers, you can buy a so-called 'mixed sunscreen' sunscreen that mixes inorganic sunscreens with organic sunscreens. However, since there are many mixed sunscreen products, the UV protection effect is often not as good as that provided by dedicated sunscreens.
Key ingredients in chemical blockers include oxybenzone, avobenzone, and ethylhexylmethoxycinnamate. These ingredients are harmful to the eyes, so when applied around the eyes, they irritate the eyes and cause a cold feeling.
This phenomenon occurs even if the blocker does not get directly into the eyes, and some people experience severe eye irritation even if they apply a small amount to the area around the eyes or even to the cheek. Of course, there are some people who do not feel any irritation in their eyes even if they apply a chemical blocker (...) .
On the other hand, physical blockers are just finely ground white stone powder made for easy application, so they do not cause any chemical reaction when exposed to ultraviolet rays. It simply blocks ultraviolet rays by reflecting the ultraviolet rays like a mirror, which is a unique effect of stone powder. Therefore, if you suffer from eye irritation, it is better to apply a 100% physical blocker rather than a chemical blocker or mixed sunscreen. Physical blockers are recommended to protect eyesight , especially for children .
If you want to avoid both the stinging eyes of chemical blockers and the white clouding effect of physical blockers, you can buy a so-called 'mixed sunscreen' sunscreen that mixes inorganic sunscreens with organic sunscreens. However, since there are many mixed sunscreen products, the UV protection effect is often not as good as that provided by dedicated sunscreens.
6.3. etc
Many people misunderstand things like, “There is no need to distinguish between color cosmetics with UV protection and sunscreen,” or “Color cosmetics with UV protection are sufficient.” Strictly speaking, both foundation and BB with UV protection values can be considered sunscreens. However, when calculating the level of UV protection, you should not think, “Foundation has 14, powder has 26, and sunscreen has 50, so even if you apply a thin layer of each, it will block.” Among the cosmetics used, follow the ones with the highest blocking index, and apply an appropriate amount of any one to achieve blocking equivalent to the level. In fact, color cosmetics are basically applied in small amounts thinly, so it is often difficult to even get the blocking value indicated on the product to be accurate.
For this reason, many experts recommend not to forget the blocker even if you apply base. It is ideal to first apply a generous amount of dedicated sunscreen, and then apply a makeup product with UV blocking effect on top to be fully prepared. ( Does sunscreen really have to be applied like a ‘sticky pat’ to be effective? )
Around 2004, the tendency to call physical sunscreens 'inorganic sunscreens' spread in some communities, and a new term was created to call chemical sunscreens 'organic sunscreens' as the opposite of inorganic sunscreens. This classification has spread widely, and since the 2010s, manufacturers have also used it, and it has spread so widely that many people do not even know that it is an abbreviation. However, because organic molecules have a physical UV-blocking effect, the classification of so-called inorganic molecules and organic molecules is not exactly correct.
In addition to inorganic sunscreens and organic sunscreens, many domestic and foreign cosmetic brands also make sunscreens that properly mix the above two types of sunscreen mechanisms. Of course, you can only take the advantages of the two mechanisms, or you can only take the disadvantages .
In fact, unless intentionally labeled or advertised, most modern sunscreens are combination sunscreens. It is only recently that physical sunscreen ingredients have been nanoscaled.[24] , Even for non-nano products, the powder processing and coating technology has improved and the uniformity of the particles has increased, so the white cast is relatively not severe even when a large amount is used, so many 100% physical blockers are released. However, if a high-blocking sunscreen such as SPF50 PA++++ is still made with 100% physical blocker, the white cast phenomenon may be severe. Companies that are famous for their really good technology may use physical blockers that are not 100% nano-ized and have high-blocking sunblock and almost no white cast, but in this case, the price can be expensive.
There are many blockers on the market that contain BB powder, similar to foundation . Nowadays, sunscreens are also joining the color makeup range, because many people use sunscreens that also double as makeup bases instead of the burden of makeup bases. Conversely, color cosmetics often contain UV blocking ingredients. Foundation, as well as cushion compacts and powders, contain UV blocking ingredients. These days, even lip balms contain UV blocking ingredients. Color cosmetics with UV blocking function are relatively pale in color, so it is best to check the color additionally if it contains UV blocking function.
There are two types of sunscreen: the O/W type, which is easily removed by water (commonly released for daily use, not leisure use), and the W/O type, which is resistant to water and is not easily removed. Waterproof products do not vary from brand to brand, so it is not easy to choose the right type. In that case, it is simple to find out the water resistance of the product. Before entering the store, take a bottle of water with you, apply the prototype to the back of your hand, and drop a little water on it. At this time, if the water sticks well, it is the O/W type. If the water flows down without staining as if it were touching a lotus leaf, it is the W/O type, so you can easily choose it.
There are also waterproof products with enhanced resistance to prevent them from being easily washed off by water or sweat . It is more waterproof than the general W/O type, so it is useful in hot summer days when you sweat a lot or when you go swimming, but the downside is that it is difficult to wash off. Waterproof products dissolve well in oil ingredients, so it is good to use oil when cleansing.
Even waterproof products do not have a completely waterproof effect, so you need to reapply every two hours. When engaging in vigorous water activities such as swimming or surfing , the durability is lower due to strong friction with the water, so you need to reapply more often.
For this reason, many experts recommend not to forget the blocker even if you apply base. It is ideal to first apply a generous amount of dedicated sunscreen, and then apply a makeup product with UV blocking effect on top to be fully prepared. ( Does sunscreen really have to be applied like a ‘sticky pat’ to be effective? )
Around 2004, the tendency to call physical sunscreens 'inorganic sunscreens' spread in some communities, and a new term was created to call chemical sunscreens 'organic sunscreens' as the opposite of inorganic sunscreens. This classification has spread widely, and since the 2010s, manufacturers have also used it, and it has spread so widely that many people do not even know that it is an abbreviation. However, because organic molecules have a physical UV-blocking effect, the classification of so-called inorganic molecules and organic molecules is not exactly correct.
In addition to inorganic sunscreens and organic sunscreens, many domestic and foreign cosmetic brands also make sunscreens that properly mix the above two types of sunscreen mechanisms. Of course, you can only take the advantages of the two mechanisms, or you can only take the disadvantages .
In fact, unless intentionally labeled or advertised, most modern sunscreens are combination sunscreens. It is only recently that physical sunscreen ingredients have been nanoscaled.[24] , Even for non-nano products, the powder processing and coating technology has improved and the uniformity of the particles has increased, so the white cast is relatively not severe even when a large amount is used, so many 100% physical blockers are released. However, if a high-blocking sunscreen such as SPF50 PA++++ is still made with 100% physical blocker, the white cast phenomenon may be severe. Companies that are famous for their really good technology may use physical blockers that are not 100% nano-ized and have high-blocking sunblock and almost no white cast, but in this case, the price can be expensive.
There are many blockers on the market that contain BB powder, similar to foundation . Nowadays, sunscreens are also joining the color makeup range, because many people use sunscreens that also double as makeup bases instead of the burden of makeup bases. Conversely, color cosmetics often contain UV blocking ingredients. Foundation, as well as cushion compacts and powders, contain UV blocking ingredients. These days, even lip balms contain UV blocking ingredients. Color cosmetics with UV blocking function are relatively pale in color, so it is best to check the color additionally if it contains UV blocking function.
There are two types of sunscreen: the O/W type, which is easily removed by water (commonly released for daily use, not leisure use), and the W/O type, which is resistant to water and is not easily removed. Waterproof products do not vary from brand to brand, so it is not easy to choose the right type. In that case, it is simple to find out the water resistance of the product. Before entering the store, take a bottle of water with you, apply the prototype to the back of your hand, and drop a little water on it. At this time, if the water sticks well, it is the O/W type. If the water flows down without staining as if it were touching a lotus leaf, it is the W/O type, so you can easily choose it.
There are also waterproof products with enhanced resistance to prevent them from being easily washed off by water or sweat . It is more waterproof than the general W/O type, so it is useful in hot summer days when you sweat a lot or when you go swimming, but the downside is that it is difficult to wash off. Waterproof products dissolve well in oil ingredients, so it is good to use oil when cleansing.
Even waterproof products do not have a completely waterproof effect, so you need to reapply every two hours. When engaging in vigorous water activities such as swimming or surfing , the durability is lower due to strong friction with the water, so you need to reapply more often.
7. how to apply
Chemical sunscreen is easy to apply because it does not cause a white cast and spreads well.
Physical sunscreen is in the form of white powder with sunscreen effect dissolved in an oil-based cream, and this powder has very strong fixation when it comes in contact with the skin such as the face. So, if you try to apply a little bit on your face like you normally do with lotion, it doesn't spread as easily as you think. As a result, it settles in a state where it is applied in a narrower range than the initially intended range, resulting in a strong cloudiness phenomenon.
When applying sunscreen with a white cast, it is best to pat it on rather than spread it out . To explain simply, first squeeze a little sunscreen onto the middle finger of one hand. Then, place 3 fingers of both hands together with the middle finger as the guide and rub them together to spread the sunscreen well on the fingers. Once the sunscreen is evenly spread, apply it while looking in the mirror and lightly patting your face as if you were applying powder. At this time, if you apply too much sunscreen at first, the white cast will worsen evenly, so it is better to apply sunscreen little by little and apply it several times if it is not enough.
Another method is to first squeeze a little blocker into the palm of your left hand (if you are right-handed). Next, there is a way to apply a small amount of blocker with the fingers of your right hand, spread the blocker well on the back of your left hand, and then use it to tap it little by little. How to apply sunscreen . If your face is very hot or your skin is sensitive, it may turn red if you apply it with your hands, so you can apply it with a makeup sponge or cushion.
Physical sunscreen is in the form of white powder with sunscreen effect dissolved in an oil-based cream, and this powder has very strong fixation when it comes in contact with the skin such as the face. So, if you try to apply a little bit on your face like you normally do with lotion, it doesn't spread as easily as you think. As a result, it settles in a state where it is applied in a narrower range than the initially intended range, resulting in a strong cloudiness phenomenon.
When applying sunscreen with a white cast, it is best to pat it on rather than spread it out . To explain simply, first squeeze a little sunscreen onto the middle finger of one hand. Then, place 3 fingers of both hands together with the middle finger as the guide and rub them together to spread the sunscreen well on the fingers. Once the sunscreen is evenly spread, apply it while looking in the mirror and lightly patting your face as if you were applying powder. At this time, if you apply too much sunscreen at first, the white cast will worsen evenly, so it is better to apply sunscreen little by little and apply it several times if it is not enough.
Another method is to first squeeze a little blocker into the palm of your left hand (if you are right-handed). Next, there is a way to apply a small amount of blocker with the fingers of your right hand, spread the blocker well on the back of your left hand, and then use it to tap it little by little. How to apply sunscreen . If your face is very hot or your skin is sensitive, it may turn red if you apply it with your hands, so you can apply it with a makeup sponge or cushion.
8. how to erase
The method of removing sunscreen varies slightly from product to product.
In general, physical sunscreen has a strong fixation and waterproof effect, so it does not come off easily if you try to remove it with regular soap or face wash. However, if you do not erase it properly, it can feel uncomfortable and cause various skin problems, so you need to be careful when erasing it. Of course, rubbing lightly can irritate the skin, so erase gently. To remove it, it is easy and convenient to use cleansing water , cleansing oil , cleansing cream, or cleansing tissue that are used to remove makeup . If you don't have a cleansing product, using a wet tissue or cotton pad with skin lotion (toner) instead is better than not removing it at all. At one time, there was a popular cleansing method of rubbing the skin with vegetable oil (in other words, cooking oil) without surfactants and then washing off the oil and cosmetics with a face wash. If the waterproof sunscreen is too sticky and you don't have a primary cleansing product, wipe it off with oil.
The chemical sunscreen varies from product to product, but if it is not made of waterproof formulation, it is generally erased by soap or foam cleansing alone. There are even opinions of experienced people that it was not a problem to wash it with water. In fact, the washeart sunscreen is sold, which is erased even if it is washed only with water. Of course, as it is easily erased with water, it is a product that does not fit, especially in the summer when you sweat a lot.
In general, sunscreens that emphasize adherence, waterproofness, and longevity are relatively difficult to wash, and sunscreens that emphasize mild and non-irritating are relatively easy to wash, but they easily dissolve in sweat and run down, making the blocking effect less likely. there is
In general, physical sunscreen has a strong fixation and waterproof effect, so it does not come off easily if you try to remove it with regular soap or face wash. However, if you do not erase it properly, it can feel uncomfortable and cause various skin problems, so you need to be careful when erasing it. Of course, rubbing lightly can irritate the skin, so erase gently. To remove it, it is easy and convenient to use cleansing water , cleansing oil , cleansing cream, or cleansing tissue that are used to remove makeup . If you don't have a cleansing product, using a wet tissue or cotton pad with skin lotion (toner) instead is better than not removing it at all. At one time, there was a popular cleansing method of rubbing the skin with vegetable oil (in other words, cooking oil) without surfactants and then washing off the oil and cosmetics with a face wash. If the waterproof sunscreen is too sticky and you don't have a primary cleansing product, wipe it off with oil.
The chemical sunscreen varies from product to product, but if it is not made of waterproof formulation, it is generally erased by soap or foam cleansing alone. There are even opinions of experienced people that it was not a problem to wash it with water. In fact, the washeart sunscreen is sold, which is erased even if it is washed only with water. Of course, as it is easily erased with water, it is a product that does not fit, especially in the summer when you sweat a lot.
In general, sunscreens that emphasize adherence, waterproofness, and longevity are relatively difficult to wash, and sunscreens that emphasize mild and non-irritating are relatively easy to wash, but they easily dissolve in sweat and run down, making the blocking effect less likely. there is
9. environmental pollution problem
In the National Geographic paper, when the right blocking agent on the human body plays the water at the beach , it flows into the sea and causes seawater contamination. Even if it is a waterproof product, it does not flow in water at all. The blocker reduces the amount of ultraviolet rays that are transmitted into the sea water , which interferes with the photosynthesis of the sea plants , and in particular, the chemical ultraviolet blocker is fatal to corals . # Especially during the holiday season where many people enter the sea, the color of coral reefs inhabiting the beach is completely faded because of the large amount of blocking ingredients. Therefore, in areas famous for coral reefs, they prohibit the use of sunscreen or only use physical sunscreen. The bottom line is that physical sunscreen is more eco -friendly not only in the human body but also in nature than chemical sunscreen.
For the first time in the world , Hawaii passed a law banning the sale, distribution, and even use of sunscreens containing the sunscreen ingredients oxybenzone and octinoxate. It will take effect in 2021, and in Hawaii, you must use a blocker that does not contain these ingredients, and if you need both ingredients, you must have a doctor's prescription. Hawaii bans sunscreen containing chemicals that 'destroy coral reefs' . It is a very commonly used ingredient, so be careful.
Prior to Hawaii, the South Pacific country Palau banned sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxade as of January 1, 2020 . # If you are caught in possession, you will have to pay a fine exceeding 1 million won .
This has led some cosmetic brands to produce sunscreens that are Reef Safe certified. Reef Safe certified products contain chemical ingredients that do not affect the marine ecosystem.
For the first time in the world , Hawaii passed a law banning the sale, distribution, and even use of sunscreens containing the sunscreen ingredients oxybenzone and octinoxate. It will take effect in 2021, and in Hawaii, you must use a blocker that does not contain these ingredients, and if you need both ingredients, you must have a doctor's prescription. Hawaii bans sunscreen containing chemicals that 'destroy coral reefs' . It is a very commonly used ingredient, so be careful.
Prior to Hawaii, the South Pacific country Palau banned sunscreens containing oxybenzone and octinoxade as of January 1, 2020 . # If you are caught in possession, you will have to pay a fine exceeding 1 million won .
This has led some cosmetic brands to produce sunscreens that are Reef Safe certified. Reef Safe certified products contain chemical ingredients that do not affect the marine ecosystem.
10. Insufficient blocking power problem
Around the world, cases of sunscreens falling short of the protection factor indicated on the product appear frequently. It is difficult for consumers to personally verify the blocking power, so if there are cases verified by relevant experts, it is better to refer to them and choose a product from a trustworthy manufacturer or large company. Looking at verification cases, there are many cases where companies that frequently fall short of the index fall short repeatedly.(...)
10.1. USA
In 2008, an environmental group in the United States analyzed 952 sunscreens sold in the United States and found that most of them do not contain UVA blocking ingredients and only 7% of products with a high UVB protection factor (SPF) completely block UVB rays. It has been controversial. #
In 2016, Consumer Reports of the United States investigated 104 sunscreens with SPF 30 or higher sold in the United States, and it was found that 48% of the products, close to half, did not have the actual blocking power indicated. #
In 2016, Consumer Reports of the United States investigated 104 sunscreens with SPF 30 or higher sold in the United States, and it was found that 48% of the products, close to half, did not have the actual blocking power indicated. #
10.2. korea
In 2021, controversy arose when it was revealed that some sunscreen products distributed in Korea had an SPF value of 50, but the actual blocking performance was far below. Controversy arose when the American magazine New York Magazine reported that the actual UV-blocking ability of some Korean sunscreen products was far below the indicated SPF index, and the YouTube channel 'Cosmetics is Science', run by the director of the Korea Dermatological Research Institute, posted a related verification video .
Although the YouTuber did not disclose the product name, netizens were quick to find the problematic product, and the list quickly spread. The joint litigation platform 'Angry People' announced that it is preparing a class action lawsuit against the company.
The following products are subject to notification by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety:
In April, the companies in question issued an apology and announced that they would recall and issue refunds. Meanwhile, Dr. Jart was the only company that quietly discontinued the product in question and did not even issue an apology, recall, or refund notice, which was met with public criticism. As criticism poured in, Dr. Jart claimed that there was no problem with the product and that it had only been discontinued because it infringed on NASA's IP, worsening public opinion. # Finally, a few days later, on April 27th, a refund notice was posted from Dr. Jart. # In June, brands that caused problems received administrative action from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. # After the controversy, Round Lab replaced the manufacturer with another company, created a new product, received a new certification that the actual UV blocking power matches the indicated index, and released a renewed sunscreen under the same product name.
11. creations
- Condolences to Ninomiya-kun - Mayu Tsukimura, Reika Hojo, Shungo Ninomiya
- Roller Coaster Tycoon 3 : There is a Soktran expansion pack that allows you to create a swimming pool at the amusement park . A sunscreen kiosk has also been added here. This is essential to prevent guests from getting burned.
- Lotte's toy! -Merchelida Wigbar
- The manager of Sunohara grounds - Ayaka Sunohara
- God is hungry for entertainment. - Pearl Diamond
- Aneime Quartet - Momone Hanabishi, Maria Jabrogna Hidaka
- Why is the teacher here?! - Kana Kojima , Ichiro Sato
- Summer Rain - Nene Shinooka, Misa Shinooka, Rikako Segawa
- Actor Purely☆Kiss - Shidou Mana
- You thought the online game bride wasn't a girl? - Segawa Akane , Goshoin Kyou , Tamaki Ako , Nishimura Hideki
- Wild Arms Twilight Venom - Mirabel Graceland
- Don't be pampered !! -Ikuina Sumi
- First Gyaru - Yame Yukana , Honjo Ranko
- High Angel Escarlayer - Sayuka Koenji
- The Way of Pong - Emi Haneru
- Heartful Maman - Shiori Arima
- Re:Stage! - Shiratori Amaha, Himura Nagisa, Ichikishima Mizuha, Honjo Kasumi
12. digression
- The blocking effect will be better if you apply it again 20 to 30 minutes after applying the blocker. In other words, it is said that applying two thin layers over time has a more effective blocking effect than applying one thick layer. The best way is to just carry it around and apply it from time to time. If that's annoying, applying several thin layers has a somewhat similar effect.
- As of 2020, the highest sunscreen rating in Korea is SPF 50+ PA++++. Not only is there a demand for high-blocking sunscreen, but it is also possible to test the mixing ratio of raw materials.[28] Any decent cosmetics company produces at least one top-grade sunscreen.
- Beaches in tropical regions such as Guam , Hawaii , the Philippines , and Vietnam have very strong UV rays, so they also sell highly effective sunscreens. The highest grade is SPF 200 PA++++++++++. However, these sunscreens are sold only locally, so it is almost impossible to obtain them in Korea.
- One of the most curious things about those planning to enlist in the military is whether they can apply sunscreen at the recruit training center or base, but there are no restrictions on the use of sunscreen.[29] In fact, in the 2020s, you may hear people asking if it is okay to not bring a blocker if you have a summer military service number. Sunscreen is also provided at places such as religious events. The recruit training center is also like this, so it goes without saying. It is common for executives to tell soldiers to be sure to apply sunscreen. Of course, there are some brave people who work bare-skinned under the scorching sun for two whole years, saying they don't need sunscreen , but sunscreen is basic, and it's not uncommon for people to wear arm sleeves and jungle hats as well.[30] Instead, the commonly used cleansing foam has limitations in removing the waterproof type sunscreen commonly sold by PX, so it is best to take sufficient cleansing measures.
- There is a question that it is difficult to produce vitamin D when wearing sunscreen , but according to this article , the risk seems to be small. In the first place, most people often apply sunscreen on their faces and do not apply it on their bodies, so in summer, not only do they absorb UV rays with their hands, arms, or legs, but even those who apply sunscreen to all exposed skin block 100% of the world's UV rays. There are no blockers. Therefore, there is no case that vitamin D production does not occur at all. In 2016, an article appeared in the United States that a sunscreen that eliminated the negative effect of blocking vitamin D synthesis was developed. # If you're still worried, take a vitamin D supplement. Farmers and fishermen who spend all day in the first place also say that about 30% of vitamin D deficiency indicates #vitamin D that can be synthesized with sunlight has a limit.
- According to Seoul National University dermatology professor Jeong Jin-ho, infrared rays can cause as much harm to the skin as ultraviolet rays . Therefore, it is said that infrared blockers are also a subject that needs to be studied. As of 2019, infrared blockers are also appearing on TV advertisements, but compared to sunscreens, they still seem to be in their infancy. However, if infrared light is dangerous , visible light, which actually has higher energy, is also dangerous. In the first place, any light with high output is dangerous , and the reason ultraviolet rays are especially problematic is because ultraviolet rays have high energy per photon, so their penetrating power is high and can cause damage deep into skin cells. The answer is to just block the sunlight (especially your face) on days with strong sunlight.
- In addition to its original purpose of blocking UV rays, sunscreen is also used for illegal pitching in baseball (!). Bullfrog sunscreen , an American sports sunscreen brand , is famous here, and it is mixed with foreign substances such as sweat and rosin powder appropriately according to the pitcher's taste, applied to the hands, and thrown. This is because the sticky yet slippery sunscreen kills the rotation of the ball, greatly increasing the power of the change-up.
13.
[1] In American English it is called sunscreen, and in British English (including the Commonwealth) it is called sunblock or sun cream, so sunscreen is not a Konglish word . # # # #[2] Mastiha (μαστίχα) in Greek is the sap of the mastic tree, a Mediterranean crop of the sumac family growing on the island of Chios in Greece, and is a substance that is also used in xylitol gum.[3] When measuring medicine, 1/8 of 1 ounce is equivalent to 1 dram, which is approximately 3.8879 g.[4] It often covers not only the skin but also the hair or face.[5] Examples include basketball players and volleyball players who are active indoors compared to soccer players, baseball players, marathon runners, and surfers who are active outdoors . Of course, as times go by, athletes in the former sport also apply blockers, so it is not a very meaningful indicator.[6] If you can read the letters without any additional lighting, that is where UVA is located.[7] Clean eyes reflect 80%of UV rays. If you stand in the white snow field, you will see the light from everywhere in a huge light reflector.[8] It is easier to apply with a makeup sponge than with your hands.[9] MED (Minimal Erythma Dosage): The minimum amount (hours) of ultraviolet light that causes erythema.[10] There is a large and small difference in the time to respond to ultraviolet rays depending on the person's skin. The skin of an adult is better than that of an infant, of a yellow man than of a white man, and of a black man than a yellow man.[11] SPF 100+ sunscreen is more protective against sunburn than SPF 50+ in actual use. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 May;78(5):902-910.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.12.062. Epub 2017 Dec 29. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29291958[12] Anything above 50 is indicated as SPF50+. In other words, whether SPF 50.1 or SPF99, they are all SPF 50+.[13] However, as described later, it is necessary to consider the issue of environmental pollution caused by excessive use (especially in the case of chemical sunscreens).[14] Some say that it can clog pores and cause acne , but skin is different for everyone, so you can't know whether it's right for you or not until you try it.[15] In the case of mild white cast, some people like it because it whitens it. You can definitely apply it as a substitute for base product when you don't have time. It is unclear whether it will provide satisfactory blocking due to the weak white turbidity. Perhaps that is why, in the case of sunscreens that come in the form of a mixture of physical and chemical blockers, the physical blocker ingredient is at the level of white pigment in color cosmetic products, and there are also products in which the actual UV protection is provided by chemical blockers.[16] However, there is a disagreement about this. Some point out that physical sunscreens also measure UV protection with SPF and PA indexes, and that ignoring this and measuring UV protection only based on ingredient content or white clouding phenomenon is biased toward a specific theoretical hypothesis that is far from reality. In fact, in the 2020s, cosmetics technology has also developed , or is it a scam? If you look for physical sunscreen products that have less white cast than before and also have excellent UV protection factors, they are being released.[17] Yang Hyun-jong is a baseball player who takes good care of his skin. According to him, he triple cleansing after sunscreen. Also, when sunscreen sponsors came in, we distributed sunscreen to the juniors.[18] ‘Titanium White’, which Bob Ross often used during his lifetime , is a paint made from titanium dioxide.[19] If you can cover it in the first place, it's the surest way to do it.[20] Some argue that this ingredient has extremely low photostability with Sayrey's photostability test, but many experimental conditions were not satisfied in the test, starting with the effective dose, and it was not officially verified. It is one of the ingredients that many self-proclaimed intellectuals on the Internet talk about as a dangerous ingredient, despite the fact that research results to the contrary have appeared since then.[21] It is also called benzophenone-3, and there have been concerns that it may destroy hormones if it penetrates the blood through the skin, but as of the 2010s, there have been no reports of actual penetration. However, when it comes into contact with chlorine used to disinfect swimming pool water, phenol and benzoic acid, which are class 1 carcinogens, are produced .[22] or Ekamsul. Ingredients patented and advertised by L'Oreal.[23] What's interesting is that since the 2020s, the number of men using parasols, which were previously considered women's possessions, has actually been increasing on days with strong UV rays. Thanks to the coronavirus(?), the number of people wearing masks has increased considerably even in the summer.[24] However, nanoscale physical blocker raw materials are very expensive.[25] Limited to the midsummer chef[26] Multiple Temptation Limited[27] Love Summer Care Limited[28] The KFDA's core raw material contains the highest level of UV protection, but at the same time, it is good at the same time. It is no different from showing raw material processing and research technology. If you succeed in matching the raw material content of the most constrained highest blocking index and the combination cost, the lower grade blocker is easier to make.[29] Glass bottles are restricted items because they can be broken and used as weapons, but it doesn't matter because not only are there very few sunscreens in glass containers and they are not specifically inspected.[30] In particular, the driver recommends wearing Toshi. Yuri blocks UVB, not to prevent UVA.
This document is available under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 KR. (except for some documents and illustrations where licenses are specified)
The copyright of the contributed document belongs to each contributor, and each contributor owns the copyright of the part they contribute.