bahtism

Ba'athism / البعثية

Ba'athism (بعث, Ba'ath)[2] ) means revival in Arabic . The political parties that advocate this ideology are called the Baath Party .

Arab nationalism , Arab socialism , and republicanism[3] , secularism , and anti-Zionism tendencies.

In particular , it opposes Western imperialism (= anti-imperialism ) and pursues the unification of the Arab world (= pan-Arabism).

There is a tendency to oppose Marxism because of Ba'athism's unique left-wing nationalist nature. This is because it is believed that Marxist theory of class struggle hinders the unity of Arab brothers.[4] Therefore, Ba'athists strongly demonstrate class cooperation characteristics based on a strong planned economy . However, while Assadism rejects Marxism, it accepts the nature of class struggle to some extent.

Neo-Ba'athism is also called Syrian Ba'athism, and unlike existing Ba'athism, it was an extreme left-wing ideology that emphasized linkage with Marxism, class struggle, and pro-Soviet and pro-communist policies. It was the ideology of Baathist Syria during the four years of power under Salah Jadid and Al-Atassi following the neo-Baathist coup in Syria in 1966. After the Syrian revision movement in 1970, it degenerated into Assadism.

Compared to orthodox Iraqi Ba'athism, which had strong pan-Arab characteristics, it attempted to pursue a relatively more inherently socialist character. Therefore, it weakens the obsession with pan-Arab unity and focuses more on redistribution and protection of labor rights.

In fact, unlike orthodox Ba'athism and Husseinism, which were class-cooperative and close to nationalist dictatorship, neo-Ba'athism is classified as more extreme left .[5] Influenced by Western socialism and Maoism, it accepted some class struggle elements and was diplomatically friendly to the Soviet Union.[6] , took a pro-China line. However, unlike the original neo-Ba'athism, the modified Assadism gave up its revolutionary socialist tendencies and returned to class cooperation.

During the Syrian civil war, members of the Syrian rebels[7] The democratic socialist Arab Baath Party inherited Jadid's neo-Ba'athism. They criticized the Al-Assad family for transforming the revolutionary socialist ideology of neo-Baathism into nepotism and hereditary politics similar to North Korea.

 more detailsAssadism documentcastPlease note.

Orthodoxy, or simply Bahtism is the left -wing ideology founded by Michelle Aplac . Originally, in Syria, in 1963, Syria's coup d'etaro Bartdang took office first, it was the ideology of Syria in Syria, but after the Syrian Coup d'etat in 1966, Bartdang was divided into two, and authentic bahtists such as African were exiled to Iraq. Later, he became a leading ideology in Iraqi, Baht, which was established in 1968 as a coup d'etat in Iraq. However, Husseinism, which was transformed after the purge of Iraqi Party in 1979, was greatly right.

 more detailsSaddamism documentcastPlease note.

Nasserism and Ba'athism can be seen as sub-ideologies of Arab socialism . In fact, they are the two major ideologies that represent Arab socialism.

In fact, Nasserism was quickly forgotten when Anwar Sadat removed socialism from the ruling Arab Socialist Union and transformed it into a centrist pro-American party after Nasser's death. Only the improved version of Nasser-Gaddafiism survived under the Gaddafi regime. Baathism survived longer, but Baathism, which is suspected of being fascism due to its more authoritarian tendencies, was more responsible for suppressing the people and building a totalitarian state. Because he took the lead. In modern Nasserism, Nasser's one-man, one-party dictatorship is often explained as 'emergency power in the revolutionary era' like Lenin 's, and supports democracy. Ba'athism can be seen in Iraq during the Hussein period and Syria during the Assad period (...).[8]

Ba'athists, as a reformist faction, have little interest in the integration of Syria and Egypt, while orthodox Nasserists tend to support the integration of the two countries relatively more enthusiastically.

The relationship between the two ideologies is also quite bad. Qasimists during the Republic of Iraq[9] And the Nasserists and Baathists were not on good terms, and the United States helped the Baathist coup, which had strong anti-communist tendencies. In Syria, during the Syrian Civil War, some rebels had Nasserist and neo-Baathist (not Assadist) tendencies.

Syria
1963 Syrian Baathist coup
1966 Syrian neo-Baathist coup
1970 Syrian Crystal Movement (Hapes Alsad Coup)
Collapse of the Baathist regime in Syria in 2024

Iraq
1963 Baathist coup in Iraq
1968 Baathist coup in Iraq
1979 purge of the Baath Party in Iraq
Collapse of the Baathist regime in Iraq in 2003